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<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 3.2//EN">
<HTML><HEAD><TITLE>Pnmtofiasco User Manual</TITLE></HEAD>
<BODY>
<H1>pnmtofiasco</H1>
Updated: July 12, 2000
<BR>
<A HREF="#index">Table Of Contents</A>
<H2>NAME</H2>
pnmtofiasco - Convert PNM file to FIASCO compressed file
<H2 id="synopsis">SYNOPSIS</H2>
<B>pnmtofiasco</B>
[<I>option</I>]...
[<I>filename</I>]...
<H2 id="description">DESCRIPTION</H2>
<p>This program is part of <a href="index.html">Netpbm</a>.
<B>pnmtofiasco</B> compresses the named pbm, pgm, or ppm image files,
or Standard Input if no file is named, and produces a FIASCO file on
Standard Output.
<H2 id="options">OPTIONS</H2>
<p>All option names may be abbreviated; for example, --optimize may be
written --optim or --opt. For most options a one letter short option
is provided. Mandatory or optional arguments to long options are
mandatory or optional for short options, too. Both short and long
options are case sensitive.
<P>The basic options are:
<DL COMPACT>
<DT><B>-i</B> <I>name</I>, <B>--input-name=</B><I>name</I>
<DD>Compress the named images, not Standard Input. If <I>name</I> is
<B>-</B>, read Standard Input. <I>name</I> has to be either an image
filename or a template of the form:
<PRE>
prefix[start-end{+,-}step]suffix<BR>
</PRE>
<P>Templates are useful when compressing video streams: e.g., if you
specify the template <B>img0[12-01-2].pgm</B>, then <B>pnmtofiasco</B>
compresses the images img012.pgm, img010.pgm, ..., img002.pgm.
<P>If <I>name</I> is a relative path, <B>pnmtofiasco </B> searches for
the image files in the current directory and in the (colon-separated)
list of directories given by the environment variable
<B>FIASCO_IMAGES</B>.
<DT><B>-o</B> <I>output-file</I>, <B>--output-name=</B><I>name</I>
<DD>Write FIASCO output to the named file, not to Standard Output.
<P>If <I>name</I> is a relative path and the environment variable
<B>FIASCO_DATA</B> is a (colon-separated) list of directories, then
<B>pnmtofiasco</B> writes the output file to the first (writable)
directory of this list. Otherwise, <B>pnmtofiasco</B> write it to the
current directory.
<DT><B>-q</B> <I>N</I>, <B>--quality=</B><I>N</I>
<DD>Set quality of compression to <I>N</I>. Quality is 1 (worst) to
100 (best); default is 20.
<DT><B>-v</B>, <B>--version</B>
<DD>Print <B>pnmtofiasco</B> version number, then exit.
<DT><B>-V</B> <I>N</I>, <B>--verbose </B><I>N</I>
<DD>Set level of verbosity to <I>N</I>. Level is 0 (no output at
all), 1 (show progress meter), or 2 (show detailed compression
statistics); default is 1.
<DT><B>-B</B> <I>N</I>, <B>--progress-meter </B><I>N</I>
<DD>Set type of progress-meter to <I>N</I>. The following types are
available; default is 1:
<dl>
<dt><B>0</B>
<dd>no progress meter
<dt><B>1</B>
<dd>RPM style progress bar using 50 hash marks
<dt><B>2</B>
<dd>percentage meter
</dl>
<DT><B>-f</B> <I>name</I>, <B>--config=</B><I>name</I>
<DD>Load parameter file <I>name </I> to initialize the options of
<B>pnmtofiasco</B>. See file <B>system.fiascorc</B> for an example of
the syntax. Options of <B>pnmtofiasco</B> are set by any of the
following methods (in the specified order):
<ol>
<li>Global resource file <B>/etc/system.fiascorc</B>
<li>$HOME/.fiascorc
<li>command line
<li>--config=<I>name</I>
</ol>
<DT><B>-h</B>, <B>--info</B>
<DD>Print brief help, then exit.
<DT><B>-H</B>, <B>--help</B>
<DD>Print detailed help, then exit.
</dl>
<p>The options for advanced users are:
<dl>
<DT><B>-b</B> <I>name</I>, <B>--basis-name=</B><I>name</I>
<DD>Preload compression basis <I>name</I> into FIASCO. The basis
<I>name</I> provides the initial compression dictionary. Either use
one of the files "small.fco", "medium.fco", or
"large.fco" that come with <B>pnmtofiasco </B> or create a
new ASCII basis file.
<DT><B>-z</B> <I>N</I>, <B>--optimize=</B><I>N</I>
<dd>Set optimization level to <I>N</I>. Level is 0 (fastest) to 3
(slowest); default is 1. Be warned, the encoding time dramatically
increased when <I>N</I>=<B>2</B> or <I>N</I>=<B>3</B> while the
compression performance only slightly improves.
<DT><B>-P</B>, <B>--prediction</B>
<DD>Use additional predictive coding. If this optimization is enabled
then the image is compressed in two steps. In the first step, a coarse
approximation of the image is computed using large unichrome
blocks. Finally, the delta image is computed and the prediction error
is approximated using the standard FIASCO algorithm.
<DT><B>-D</B> <I>N</I>, <B>--dictionary-size=</B><I>N</I>
<DD>Set size of dictionary that is used when coding the luminance band
to <I>N</I>; default is 10000, i.e., the dictionary is not restricted.
<DT><B>-C</B> <I>N</I>, <B>--chroma-dictionary=</B><I>N</I>
<DD>Set size of dictionary that is used when coding chroma bands to
<I>N</I>; default is 40.
<DT><B>-Q</B> <I>N</I>, <B>--chroma-qfactor=</B><I>N</I>
<DD>Reduce the quality of chroma band compression <I>N</I>-times with
respect to the user defined quality <I>q</I> of the luminance band
compression (<B>--quality</B>=<I>q</I>); default is 2.
<DT><B>-t</B> <I>N</I>, <B>--tiling-exponent=</B><I>N</I>
<DD>Subdivide the image into 2^<I>N</I> tiles prior coding; default is
4, i.e. the image is subdivided into 16 tiles. The processing order of
the individual tiles is defined by the option
<B>--tiling-method=</B><I>name</I>.
<DT><B>-T</B> <I>name</I>, <B>--tiling-method=</B><I>name</I>
<DD>Order the individual image tiles (the image is subdivided into;
see option <B>--tiling-exponent=</B><I>N</I>) by method <I>name</I>;
default is <b>desc-variance</b>.
<dl>
<dt><B>desc-variance</B>
<dd>Tiles with small variances are processed first.
<dt><B>asc-variance</B>
<dd>Tiles with large variances are processed first.
<dt><B>desc-spiral</B>
<dd>Tiles are process in spiral order starting in the middle.
<dt><B>asc-spiral</B>
<dd>Tiles are process in spiral order starting at the border.
</dl>
<DT><B>--rpf-mantissa=</B><I>N</I>
<DD>Use <I>N</I> mantissa bits for quantized coefficients.
<DT><B>--dc-rpf-mantissa=</B><I>N</I>
<DD>Use <I>N</I> mantissa bits for quantized DC coefficients.
<DT><B>--rpf-range=</B><I>N</I>
<DD>Coefficients outside the quantization interval
[-<I>N</I>,+<I>N</I>] are set to zero.
<DT><B>--dc-rpf-range=</B><I>N</I>
<DD>DC coefficients outside the quantization interval
[-<I>N</I>,+<I>N</I>] are set to zero.
</dl>
<p>Additional options for video compression are
<dl>
<DT><B>-s</B> <I>N</I>, <B>--smooth=</B><I>N</I>
<DD>Smooth decompressed reference frames along the partitioning
borders by the given amount <I>N</I>. <I>N</I> is 0 (no smoothing) to
100; default is 70. This factor is stored in the FIASCO file.
<DT><B>-m</B> <I>N</I>, <B>--min-level=</B><I>N</I>
<DD>Start prediction (motion compensated prediction or additional
prediction) on block level <I>N</I>; default is level 6. I.e., motion
compensation is applied to all image blocks of at least 8x8 pixels
(binary tree level <I>N</I>=6), 16x8 (<I>N</I>=7), 16x16 (<I>N</I>=8),
etc.
<DT><B>-M</B> <I>N</I>, <B>--max-level=</B><I>N</I>
<DD>Stop prediction (motion compensated prediction or additional
prediction) on block level <I>N</I>; default is level 10. I.e.,
motion compensation is applied to all image blocks of at most 16x16
pixels (<I>N</I>=8), 32x16 (<I>N</I>=9), 32x32 (<I>N</I>=10), etc.
<DT><B>-2</B>, <B>--half-pixel</B>
<DD>Use half pixel precise motion compensation.
<DT><B>-F</B> <I>N</I>, <B>--fps=</B><I>N</I>
<DD>Set number of frames per second to <I>N</I>. This value is stored
in the FIASCO output file and is used in the decoder <A
HREF="fiascotopnm.html">fiascotopnm</A> to control the framerate.
<DT><B>-p</B> <I>type</I>, <B>--pattern=</B><I>type</I>
<DD>Defines the type of inter frame compression which should be
applied to individual frames of a video stream. <I>type</I> is a
sequence of characters; default is "IPPPPPPPPP". Element
<B>N</B> defines the type of predicting which should be used for frame
<B>N</B>; the frame type pattern is periodically extended. Valid
characters are:
<dl>
<dt><B>I</B>
<dd>intra frame, i.e., no motion compensated prediction is used at
all.
<dt><B>P</B>
<dd>predicted frame, i.e., a previously encoded frame is used for
prediction (forward prediction).
<dt><B>B</B>
<dd>bidirectional predicted frame, i.e., not only a previously shown
frame but also a frame of the future is used for prediction (forward,
backward or interpolated prediction).
</dl>
<DT><B>--cross-B-search</B>
<DD>Instead of using exhaustive search the "Cross-B-Search"
algorithm is used to find the best interpolated prediction of
B-frames.
<DT>--B-as-past-ref
<DD>Also use previously encoded B-frames when prediction the current
frame. If this option is not set, only I- and P-frames are used to
predict the current frame.
</DL>
<H2 id="examples">EXAMPLES</H2>
<p>Compress the still image "foo.ppm" to the FIASCO file
"foo.wfa" using the default options:
<pre>
pnmtofiasco < foo.ppm >foo.wfa
</pre>
<P>Compress the video frames "foo0*.ppm" to the FIASCO file
"video.wfa" using half pixel precise motion compensation at
a frame rate of 15 frames per second. Intra frame 1 is used to
predict P-frame 4, frames 1 and 4 are used to predict B-frames 2 and
3, and so on. Frame 10 is again an intra-frame.
<pre>
pnmtofiasco -2 -p "IBBPBBPBB" -fps 15 -o video.wfa foo0*.ppm
</pre>
<H2 id="files">FILES</H2>
<DL COMPACT>
<DT><B>/etc/system.fiascorc</B>
<DD>The systemwide initialization file.
<DT>$HOME<B>/.fiascorc</B>
<DD>The personal initialization file.
</DL>
<H2 id="environment">ENVIRONMENT</H2>
<DL COMPACT>
<DT><B>FIASCO_IMAGES</B>
<DD>Search path for image files. Default is "./".
<DT><B>FIASCO_DATA</B>
<DD>Search and save path for FIASCO files. Default is "./".
</DL>
<H2 id="seealso">SEE ALSO</H2>
<B><A HREF="fiascotopnm.html">fiascotopnm</A></B>,
<B><A HREF="pnmtojpeg.html">pnmtojpeg</A></B>,
<B><A HREF="pnmtojbig.html">pnmtojbig</A></B>,
<B><A HREF="pamtogif.html">pamtogif</A></B>,
<B><A HREF="pnm.html">pnm</A></B>
<P>Ullrich Hafner, Juergen Albert, Stefan Frank, and Michael Unger.
<B>Weighted Finite Automata for Video Compression</B>, IEEE Journal on
Selected Areas In Communications, January 1998
<p>Ullrich Hafner. <B>Low Bit-Rate Image and Video Coding with
Weighted Finite Automata</B>, Ph.D. thesis, Mensch & Buch Verlag,
ISBN 3-89820-002-7, October 1999.
<p><a href="http://www.linuxjournal.com/node/4367/print">FIASCO: An
Open-Source Fractal Image and Sequence Codec</a>, Linux Journal,
January 2001.
<H2 id="author">AUTHOR</H2>
Ullrich Hafner <<A HREF="mailto:hafner@bigfoot.de">hafner@bigfoot.de</A>>
<HR>
<A NAME="index"> </A>
<H2>Table Of Contents</H2>
<UL>
<LI><A HREF="#synopsis">SYNOPSIS</A>
<LI><A HREF="#description">DESCRIPTION</A>
<LI><A HREF="#options">OPTIONS</A>
<LI><A HREF="#examples">EXAMPLES</A>
<LI><A HREF="#files">FILES</A>
<LI><A HREF="#environment">ENVIRONMENT</A>
<LI><A HREF="#seealso">SEE ALSO</A>
<LI><A HREF="#author">AUTHOR</A>
</UL>
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