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/*********************************************************************
pgmnoise - create a PGM with white noise
Frank Neumann, October 1993
*********************************************************************/
#include <assert.h>
#include "pm_c_util.h"
#include "mallocvar.h"
#include "nstring.h"
#include "rand.h"
#include "shhopt.h"
#include "pgm.h"
struct CmdlineInfo {
/* All the information the user supplied in the command line,
in a form easy for the program to use.
*/
unsigned int width;
unsigned int height;
unsigned int maxval;
unsigned int randomseed;
unsigned int randomseedSpec;
unsigned int verbose;
};
static void
parseCommandLine(int argc,
const char ** const argv,
struct CmdlineInfo * const cmdlineP) {
/*----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Note that the file spec array we return is stored in the storage that
was passed to us as the argv array.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
optEntry * option_def;
/* Instructions to OptParseOptions3 on how to parse our options.
*/
optStruct3 opt;
unsigned int option_def_index;
unsigned int maxvalSpec;
MALLOCARRAY_NOFAIL(option_def, 100);
option_def_index = 0; /* incremented by OPTENT3 */
OPTENT3(0, "randomseed", OPT_UINT, &cmdlineP->randomseed,
&cmdlineP->randomseedSpec, 0);
OPTENT3(0, "maxval", OPT_UINT, &cmdlineP->maxval,
&maxvalSpec, 0);
OPTENT3(0, "verbose", OPT_FLAG, NULL,
&cmdlineP->verbose, 0);
opt.opt_table = option_def;
opt.short_allowed = FALSE; /* We have no short (old-fashioned) options */
opt.allowNegNum = FALSE; /* We may have parms that are negative numbers */
pm_optParseOptions3(&argc, (char **)argv, opt, sizeof(opt), 0);
/* Uses and sets argc, argv, and some of *cmdlineP and others. */
free(option_def);
if (maxvalSpec) {
if (cmdlineP->maxval > PGM_OVERALLMAXVAL)
pm_error("Maxval too large: %u. Maximum is %u",
cmdlineP->maxval, PGM_OVERALLMAXVAL);
else if (cmdlineP->maxval == 0)
pm_error("Maxval must not be zero");
} else
cmdlineP->maxval = PGM_MAXMAXVAL;
if (argc-1 != 2)
pm_error("Wrong number of arguments: %u. "
"Arguments are width and height of image, in pixels",
argc-1);
else {
const char * error; /* error message of pm_string_to_uint */
unsigned int width, height;
pm_string_to_uint(argv[1], &width, &error);
if (error)
pm_error("Width argument is not an unsigned integer. %s",
error);
else if (width == 0)
pm_error("Width argument is zero; must be positive");
else
cmdlineP->width = width;
pm_string_to_uint(argv[2], &height, &error);
if (error)
pm_error("Height argument is not an unsigned integer. %s ",
error);
else if (height == 0)
pm_error("Height argument is zero; must be positive");
else
cmdlineP->height = height;
}
}
static unsigned int
randPool(unsigned int const digits,
bool const verbose,
struct pm_randSt * const randStP) {
/*----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Draw 'digits' bits from pool of random bits. If the number of random bits
in pool is insufficient, call pm_rand() and add N bits to it.
N is 31 or 32. In raw mode we set this value to 32 regardless of the
actual number of available bits. If insufficient, the MSB will be
set to zero.
'digits' must be at most 16.
We assume that each call to pm_rand() generates 31 or 32 bits,
or randStP->max == 2147483647 or 4294967294.
The underlying logic is flexible and endian-free. The above conditions
can be relaxed.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
static unsigned long int hold=0; /* entropy pool */
static unsigned int len=0; /* number of valid bits in pool */
unsigned int const mask = (1 << digits) - 1;
unsigned int const randbits = (randStP->max == 2147483647) ? 31 : 32;
unsigned int retval;
assert(randStP->max == 2147483647 || randStP->max == 4294967294);
assert(digits <= 16);
retval = hold; /* initial value */
if (len > digits) { /* Enough bits in hold to satisfy request */
hold >>= digits;
len -= digits;
} else { /* Load another 31 or 32 bits into hold */
hold = pm_rand(randStP);
if (verbose)
pm_message("pm_rand(): %08lX", hold);
retval |= (hold << len);
hold >>= (digits - len);
len = randbits - digits + len;
}
return (retval & mask);
}
static void
pgmnoise(FILE * const ofP,
unsigned int const cols,
unsigned int const rows,
gray const maxval,
bool const verbose,
struct pm_randSt * const randStP) {
bool const usingPool =
!( (randStP->max==2147483647UL || randStP->max==4294967294UL)
&& (maxval & (maxval+1)) );
unsigned int const bitLen = pm_maxvaltobits(maxval);
unsigned int row;
gray * destrow;
/* If maxval is 2^n-1, we draw exactly n bits from the pool.
Otherwise call pm_rand() and determine gray value by modulo.
In the latter case, there is a minuscule skew toward 0 (=black)
because smaller numbers are produced more frequently by modulo.
Thus we employ the pool method only when it is certain that no
skew will ensue.
To illustrate the point, consider converting the outcome of one
roll of a fair, six-sided die to 5 values (0 to 4) by N % 5. The
probability for values 1, 2, 3, 4 is 1/6, but 0 alone is 2/6.
Average is 10/6 or 1.6667, compared to 2.0 from an ideal
generator which produces exactly 5 values. With two dice
average improves to 70/36 or 1.9444.
The more (distinct) dice we roll, or the more binary digits we
draw, the smaller the skew.
*/
destrow = pgm_allocrow(cols);
pgm_writepgminit(ofP, cols, rows, maxval, 0);
for (row = 0; row < rows; ++row) {
if (usingPool) {
unsigned int col;
for (col = 0; col < cols; ++col)
destrow[col] = randPool(bitLen, verbose, randStP);
} else {
unsigned int col;
for (col = 0; col < cols; ++col)
destrow[col] = pm_rand(randStP) % (maxval + 1);
}
pgm_writepgmrow(ofP, destrow, cols, maxval, 0);
}
pgm_freerow(destrow);
}
int
main(int argc,
const char * argv[]) {
struct CmdlineInfo cmdline;
struct pm_randSt randSt;
pm_proginit(&argc, argv);
parseCommandLine(argc, argv, &cmdline);
pm_randinit(&randSt);
pm_srand2(&randSt, cmdline.randomseedSpec, cmdline.randomseed);
pgmnoise(stdout, cmdline.width, cmdline.height, cmdline.maxval,
cmdline.verbose, &randSt);
pm_randterm(&randSt);
return 0;
}
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