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+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 1999-2000 Image Power, Inc. and the University of
+ *   British Columbia.
+ * Copyright (c) 2001-2002 Michael David Adams.
+ * All rights reserved.
+ */
+
+/* __START_OF_JASPER_LICENSE__
+ * 
+ * JasPer Software License
+ * 
+ * IMAGE POWER JPEG-2000 PUBLIC LICENSE
+ * ************************************
+ * 
+ * GRANT:
+ * 
+ * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person (the "User")
+ * obtaining a copy of this software and associated documentation, to deal
+ * in the JasPer Software without restriction, including without limitation
+ * the right to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense,
+ * and/or sell copies of the JasPer Software (in source and binary forms),
+ * and to permit persons to whom the JasPer Software is furnished to do so,
+ * provided further that the License Conditions below are met.
+ * 
+ * License Conditions
+ * ******************
+ * 
+ * A.  Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice,
+ * and this list of conditions, and the following disclaimer.
+ * 
+ * B.  Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+ * notice, and this list of conditions, and the following disclaimer in
+ * the documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+ * 
+ * C.  Neither the name of Image Power, Inc. nor any other contributor
+ * (including, but not limited to, the University of British Columbia and
+ * Michael David Adams) may be used to endorse or promote products derived
+ * from this software without specific prior written permission.
+ * 
+ * D.  User agrees that it shall not commence any action against Image Power,
+ * Inc., the University of British Columbia, Michael David Adams, or any
+ * other contributors (collectively "Licensors") for infringement of any
+ * intellectual property rights ("IPR") held by the User in respect of any
+ * technology that User owns or has a right to license or sublicense and
+ * which is an element required in order to claim compliance with ISO/IEC
+ * 15444-1 (i.e., JPEG-2000 Part 1).  "IPR" means all intellectual property
+ * rights worldwide arising under statutory or common law, and whether
+ * or not perfected, including, without limitation, all (i) patents and
+ * patent applications owned or licensable by User; (ii) rights associated
+ * with works of authorship including copyrights, copyright applications,
+ * copyright registrations, mask work rights, mask work applications,
+ * mask work registrations; (iii) rights relating to the protection of
+ * trade secrets and confidential information; (iv) any right analogous
+ * to those set forth in subsections (i), (ii), or (iii) and any other
+ * proprietary rights relating to intangible property (other than trademark,
+ * trade dress, or service mark rights); and (v) divisions, continuations,
+ * renewals, reissues and extensions of the foregoing (as and to the extent
+ * applicable) now existing, hereafter filed, issued or acquired.
+ * 
+ * E.  If User commences an infringement action against any Licensor(s) then
+ * such Licensor(s) shall have the right to terminate User's license and
+ * all sublicenses that have been granted hereunder by User to other parties.
+ * 
+ * F.  This software is for use only in hardware or software products that
+ * are compliant with ISO/IEC 15444-1 (i.e., JPEG-2000 Part 1).  No license
+ * or right to this Software is granted for products that do not comply
+ * with ISO/IEC 15444-1.  The JPEG-2000 Part 1 standard can be purchased
+ * from the ISO.
+ * 
+ * THIS DISCLAIMER OF WARRANTY CONSTITUTES AN ESSENTIAL PART OF THIS LICENSE.
+ * NO USE OF THE JASPER SOFTWARE IS AUTHORIZED HEREUNDER EXCEPT UNDER
+ * THIS DISCLAIMER.  THE JASPER SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE LICENSORS AND
+ * CONTRIBUTORS UNDER THIS LICENSE ON AN ``AS-IS'' BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTY
+ * OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION,
+ * WARRANTIES THAT THE JASPER SOFTWARE IS FREE OF DEFECTS, IS MERCHANTABLE,
+ * IS FIT FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE OR IS NON-INFRINGING.  THOSE INTENDING
+ * TO USE THE JASPER SOFTWARE OR MODIFICATIONS THEREOF FOR USE IN HARDWARE
+ * OR SOFTWARE PRODUCTS ARE ADVISED THAT THEIR USE MAY INFRINGE EXISTING
+ * PATENTS, COPYRIGHTS, TRADEMARKS, OR OTHER INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS.
+ * THE ENTIRE RISK AS TO THE QUALITY AND PERFORMANCE OF THE JASPER SOFTWARE
+ * IS WITH THE USER.  SHOULD ANY PART OF THE JASPER SOFTWARE PROVE DEFECTIVE
+ * IN ANY RESPECT, THE USER (AND NOT THE INITIAL DEVELOPERS, THE UNIVERSITY
+ * OF BRITISH COLUMBIA, IMAGE POWER, INC., MICHAEL DAVID ADAMS, OR ANY
+ * OTHER CONTRIBUTOR) SHALL ASSUME THE COST OF ANY NECESSARY SERVICING,
+ * REPAIR OR CORRECTION.  UNDER NO CIRCUMSTANCES AND UNDER NO LEGAL THEORY,
+ * WHETHER TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE), CONTRACT, OR OTHERWISE, SHALL THE
+ * INITIAL DEVELOPER, THE UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA, IMAGE POWER, INC.,
+ * MICHAEL DAVID ADAMS, ANY OTHER CONTRIBUTOR, OR ANY DISTRIBUTOR OF THE
+ * JASPER SOFTWARE, OR ANY SUPPLIER OF ANY OF SUCH PARTIES, BE LIABLE TO
+ * THE USER OR ANY OTHER PERSON FOR ANY INDIRECT, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL, OR
+ * CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OF ANY CHARACTER INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION,
+ * DAMAGES FOR LOSS OF GOODWILL, WORK STOPPAGE, COMPUTER FAILURE OR
+ * MALFUNCTION, OR ANY AND ALL OTHER COMMERCIAL DAMAGES OR LOSSES, EVEN IF
+ * SUCH PARTY HAD BEEN INFORMED, OR OUGHT TO HAVE KNOWN, OF THE POSSIBILITY
+ * OF SUCH DAMAGES.  THE JASPER SOFTWARE AND UNDERLYING TECHNOLOGY ARE NOT
+ * FAULT-TOLERANT AND ARE NOT DESIGNED, MANUFACTURED OR INTENDED FOR USE OR
+ * RESALE AS ON-LINE CONTROL EQUIPMENT IN HAZARDOUS ENVIRONMENTS REQUIRING
+ * FAIL-SAFE PERFORMANCE, SUCH AS IN THE OPERATION OF NUCLEAR FACILITIES,
+ * AIRCRAFT NAVIGATION OR COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS, AIR TRAFFIC CONTROL, DIRECT
+ * LIFE SUPPORT MACHINES, OR WEAPONS SYSTEMS, IN WHICH THE FAILURE OF THE
+ * JASPER SOFTWARE OR UNDERLYING TECHNOLOGY OR PRODUCT COULD LEAD DIRECTLY
+ * TO DEATH, PERSONAL INJURY, OR SEVERE PHYSICAL OR ENVIRONMENTAL DAMAGE
+ * ("HIGH RISK ACTIVITIES").  LICENSOR SPECIFICALLY DISCLAIMS ANY EXPRESS
+ * OR IMPLIED WARRANTY OF FITNESS FOR HIGH RISK ACTIVITIES.  USER WILL NOT
+ * KNOWINGLY USE, DISTRIBUTE OR RESELL THE JASPER SOFTWARE OR UNDERLYING
+ * TECHNOLOGY OR PRODUCTS FOR HIGH RISK ACTIVITIES AND WILL ENSURE THAT ITS
+ * CUSTOMERS AND END-USERS OF ITS PRODUCTS ARE PROVIDED WITH A COPY OF THE
+ * NOTICE SPECIFIED IN THIS SECTION.
+ * 
+ * __END_OF_JASPER_LICENSE__
+ */
+
+/*
+ * Tag Tree Library
+ *
+ * $Id$
+ */
+
+/******************************************************************************\
+* Includes.
+\******************************************************************************/
+
+#include <limits.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <assert.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+
+#include "jasper/jas_malloc.h"
+
+#include "jpc_tagtree.h"
+
+/******************************************************************************\
+* Code for creating and destroying tag trees.
+\******************************************************************************/
+
+static jpc_tagtree_t *jpc_tagtree_alloc(void)
+{
+	jpc_tagtree_t *tree;
+
+	if (!(tree = jas_malloc(sizeof(jpc_tagtree_t)))) {
+		return 0;
+	}
+	tree->numleafsh_ = 0;
+	tree->numleafsv_ = 0;
+	tree->numnodes_ = 0;
+	tree->nodes_ = 0;
+
+	return tree;
+}
+
+/* Create a tag tree. */
+
+jpc_tagtree_t *jpc_tagtree_create(int numleafsh, int numleafsv)
+{
+	int nplh[JPC_TAGTREE_MAXDEPTH];
+	int nplv[JPC_TAGTREE_MAXDEPTH];
+	jpc_tagtreenode_t *node;
+	jpc_tagtreenode_t *parentnode;
+	jpc_tagtreenode_t *parentnode0;
+	jpc_tagtree_t *tree;
+	int i;
+	int j;
+	int k;
+	int numlvls;
+	int n;
+
+	assert(numleafsh > 0 && numleafsv > 0);
+
+	if (!(tree = jpc_tagtree_alloc())) {
+		return 0;
+	}
+	tree->numleafsh_ = numleafsh;
+	tree->numleafsv_ = numleafsv;
+
+	numlvls = 0;
+	nplh[0] = numleafsh;
+	nplv[0] = numleafsv;
+	do {
+		n = nplh[numlvls] * nplv[numlvls];
+		nplh[numlvls + 1] = (nplh[numlvls] + 1) / 2;
+		nplv[numlvls + 1] = (nplv[numlvls] + 1) / 2;
+		tree->numnodes_ += n;
+		++numlvls;
+	} while (n > 1);
+
+	if (!(tree->nodes_ = jas_malloc(tree->numnodes_ * sizeof(jpc_tagtreenode_t)))) {
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	/* Initialize the parent links for all nodes in the tree. */
+
+	node = tree->nodes_;
+	parentnode = &tree->nodes_[tree->numleafsh_ * tree->numleafsv_];
+	parentnode0 = parentnode;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < numlvls - 1; ++i) {
+		for (j = 0; j < nplv[i]; ++j) {
+			k = nplh[i];
+			while (--k >= 0) {
+				node->parent_ = parentnode;
+				++node;
+				if (--k >= 0) {
+					node->parent_ = parentnode;
+					++node;
+				}
+				++parentnode;
+			}
+			if ((j & 1) || j == nplv[i] - 1) {
+				parentnode0 = parentnode;
+			} else {
+				parentnode = parentnode0;
+				parentnode0 += nplh[i];
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	node->parent_ = 0;
+
+	/* Initialize the data values to something sane. */
+
+	jpc_tagtree_reset(tree);
+
+	return tree;
+}
+
+/* Destroy a tag tree. */
+
+void jpc_tagtree_destroy(jpc_tagtree_t *tree)
+{
+	if (tree->nodes_) {
+		jas_free(tree->nodes_);
+	}
+	jas_free(tree);
+}
+
+/******************************************************************************\
+* Code.
+\******************************************************************************/
+
+/* Copy state information from one tag tree to another. */
+
+void jpc_tagtree_copy(jpc_tagtree_t *dsttree, jpc_tagtree_t *srctree)
+{
+	int n;
+	jpc_tagtreenode_t *srcnode;
+	jpc_tagtreenode_t *dstnode;
+
+	/* The two tag trees must have similar sizes. */
+	assert(srctree->numleafsh_ == dsttree->numleafsh_ &&
+	  srctree->numleafsv_ == dsttree->numleafsv_);
+
+	n = srctree->numnodes_;
+	srcnode = srctree->nodes_;
+	dstnode = dsttree->nodes_;
+	while (--n >= 0) {
+		dstnode->value_ = srcnode->value_;
+		dstnode->low_ = srcnode->low_;
+		dstnode->known_ = srcnode->known_;
+		++dstnode;
+		++srcnode;
+	}
+}
+
+/* Reset all of the state information associated with a tag tree. */
+
+void jpc_tagtree_reset(jpc_tagtree_t *tree)
+{
+	int n;
+	jpc_tagtreenode_t *node;
+
+	n = tree->numnodes_;
+	node = tree->nodes_;
+
+	while (--n >= 0) {
+		node->value_ = INT_MAX;
+		node->low_ = 0;
+		node->known_ = 0;
+		++node;
+	}
+}
+
+/* Set the value associated with the specified leaf node, updating
+the other nodes as necessary. */
+
+void jpc_tagtree_setvalue(jpc_tagtree_t *tree, jpc_tagtreenode_t *leaf, int value)
+{
+	jpc_tagtreenode_t *node;
+
+	assert(value >= 0);
+
+	node = leaf;
+	while (node && node->value_ > value) {
+		node->value_ = value;
+		node = node->parent_;
+	}
+}
+
+/* Get a particular leaf node. */
+
+jpc_tagtreenode_t *jpc_tagtree_getleaf(jpc_tagtree_t *tree, int n)
+{
+	return &tree->nodes_[n];
+}
+
+/* Invoke the tag tree encoding procedure. */
+
+int jpc_tagtree_encode(jpc_tagtree_t *tree, jpc_tagtreenode_t *leaf, int threshold,
+  jpc_bitstream_t *out)
+{
+	jpc_tagtreenode_t *stk[JPC_TAGTREE_MAXDEPTH - 1];
+	jpc_tagtreenode_t **stkptr;
+	jpc_tagtreenode_t *node;
+	int low;
+
+	assert(leaf);
+	assert(threshold >= 0);
+
+	/* Traverse to the root of the tree, recording the path taken. */
+	stkptr = stk;
+	node = leaf;
+	while (node->parent_) {
+		*stkptr++ = node;
+		node = node->parent_;
+	}
+
+	low = 0;
+	for (;;) {
+		if (low > node->low_) {
+			/* Deferred propagation of the lower bound downward in
+			  the tree. */
+			node->low_ = low;
+		} else {
+			low = node->low_;
+		}
+
+		while (low < threshold) {
+			if (low >= node->value_) {
+				if (!node->known_) {
+					if (jpc_bitstream_putbit(out, 1) == EOF) {
+						return -1;
+					}
+					node->known_ = 1;
+				}
+				break;
+			}
+			if (jpc_bitstream_putbit(out, 0) == EOF) {
+				return -1;
+			}
+			++low;
+		}
+		node->low_ = low;
+		if (stkptr == stk) {
+			break;
+		}
+		node = *--stkptr;
+
+	}
+	return (leaf->low_ < threshold) ? 1 : 0;
+
+}
+
+/* Invoke the tag tree decoding procedure. */
+
+int jpc_tagtree_decode(jpc_tagtree_t *tree, jpc_tagtreenode_t *leaf, int threshold,
+  jpc_bitstream_t *in)
+{
+	jpc_tagtreenode_t *stk[JPC_TAGTREE_MAXDEPTH - 1];
+	jpc_tagtreenode_t **stkptr;
+	jpc_tagtreenode_t *node;
+	int low;
+	int ret;
+
+	assert(threshold >= 0);
+
+	/* Traverse to the root of the tree, recording the path taken. */
+	stkptr = stk;
+	node = leaf;
+	while (node->parent_) {
+		*stkptr++ = node;
+		node = node->parent_;
+	}
+
+	low = 0;
+	for (;;) {
+		if (low > node->low_) {
+			node->low_ = low;
+		} else {
+			low = node->low_;
+		}
+		while (low < threshold && low < node->value_) {
+			if ((ret = jpc_bitstream_getbit(in)) < 0) {
+				return -1;
+			}
+			if (ret) {
+				node->value_ = low;
+			} else {
+				++low;
+			}
+		}
+		node->low_ = low;
+		if (stkptr == stk) {
+			break;
+		}
+		node = *--stkptr;
+	}
+
+	return (node->value_ < threshold) ? 1 : 0;
+}
+
+/******************************************************************************\
+* Code for debugging.
+\******************************************************************************/
+
+void jpc_tagtree_dump(jpc_tagtree_t *tree, FILE *out)
+{
+	jpc_tagtreenode_t *node;
+	int n;
+
+	node = tree->nodes_;
+	n = tree->numnodes_;
+	while (--n >= 0) {
+		fprintf(out, "node %p, parent %p, value %d, lower %d, known %d\n",
+		  (void *) node, (void *) node->parent_, node->value_, node->low_,
+		  node->known_);
+		++node;
+	}
+}