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+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 1999-2000, Image Power, Inc. and the University of
+ *   British Columbia.
+ * Copyright (c) 2001-2002 Michael David Adams.
+ * All rights reserved.
+ */
+
+/* __START_OF_JASPER_LICENSE__
+ * 
+ * JasPer Software License
+ * 
+ * IMAGE POWER JPEG-2000 PUBLIC LICENSE
+ * ************************************
+ * 
+ * GRANT:
+ * 
+ * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person (the "User")
+ * obtaining a copy of this software and associated documentation, to deal
+ * in the JasPer Software without restriction, including without limitation
+ * the right to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense,
+ * and/or sell copies of the JasPer Software (in source and binary forms),
+ * and to permit persons to whom the JasPer Software is furnished to do so,
+ * provided further that the License Conditions below are met.
+ * 
+ * License Conditions
+ * ******************
+ * 
+ * A.  Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice,
+ * and this list of conditions, and the following disclaimer.
+ * 
+ * B.  Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+ * notice, and this list of conditions, and the following disclaimer in
+ * the documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+ * 
+ * C.  Neither the name of Image Power, Inc. nor any other contributor
+ * (including, but not limited to, the University of British Columbia and
+ * Michael David Adams) may be used to endorse or promote products derived
+ * from this software without specific prior written permission.
+ * 
+ * D.  User agrees that it shall not commence any action against Image Power,
+ * Inc., the University of British Columbia, Michael David Adams, or any
+ * other contributors (collectively "Licensors") for infringement of any
+ * intellectual property rights ("IPR") held by the User in respect of any
+ * technology that User owns or has a right to license or sublicense and
+ * which is an element required in order to claim compliance with ISO/IEC
+ * 15444-1 (i.e., JPEG-2000 Part 1).  "IPR" means all intellectual property
+ * rights worldwide arising under statutory or common law, and whether
+ * or not perfected, including, without limitation, all (i) patents and
+ * patent applications owned or licensable by User; (ii) rights associated
+ * with works of authorship including copyrights, copyright applications,
+ * copyright registrations, mask work rights, mask work applications,
+ * mask work registrations; (iii) rights relating to the protection of
+ * trade secrets and confidential information; (iv) any right analogous
+ * to those set forth in subsections (i), (ii), or (iii) and any other
+ * proprietary rights relating to intangible property (other than trademark,
+ * trade dress, or service mark rights); and (v) divisions, continuations,
+ * renewals, reissues and extensions of the foregoing (as and to the extent
+ * applicable) now existing, hereafter filed, issued or acquired.
+ * 
+ * E.  If User commences an infringement action against any Licensor(s) then
+ * such Licensor(s) shall have the right to terminate User's license and
+ * all sublicenses that have been granted hereunder by User to other parties.
+ * 
+ * F.  This software is for use only in hardware or software products that
+ * are compliant with ISO/IEC 15444-1 (i.e., JPEG-2000 Part 1).  No license
+ * or right to this Software is granted for products that do not comply
+ * with ISO/IEC 15444-1.  The JPEG-2000 Part 1 standard can be purchased
+ * from the ISO.
+ * 
+ * THIS DISCLAIMER OF WARRANTY CONSTITUTES AN ESSENTIAL PART OF THIS LICENSE.
+ * NO USE OF THE JASPER SOFTWARE IS AUTHORIZED HEREUNDER EXCEPT UNDER
+ * THIS DISCLAIMER.  THE JASPER SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE LICENSORS AND
+ * CONTRIBUTORS UNDER THIS LICENSE ON AN ``AS-IS'' BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTY
+ * OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION,
+ * WARRANTIES THAT THE JASPER SOFTWARE IS FREE OF DEFECTS, IS MERCHANTABLE,
+ * IS FIT FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE OR IS NON-INFRINGING.  THOSE INTENDING
+ * TO USE THE JASPER SOFTWARE OR MODIFICATIONS THEREOF FOR USE IN HARDWARE
+ * OR SOFTWARE PRODUCTS ARE ADVISED THAT THEIR USE MAY INFRINGE EXISTING
+ * PATENTS, COPYRIGHTS, TRADEMARKS, OR OTHER INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS.
+ * THE ENTIRE RISK AS TO THE QUALITY AND PERFORMANCE OF THE JASPER SOFTWARE
+ * IS WITH THE USER.  SHOULD ANY PART OF THE JASPER SOFTWARE PROVE DEFECTIVE
+ * IN ANY RESPECT, THE USER (AND NOT THE INITIAL DEVELOPERS, THE UNIVERSITY
+ * OF BRITISH COLUMBIA, IMAGE POWER, INC., MICHAEL DAVID ADAMS, OR ANY
+ * OTHER CONTRIBUTOR) SHALL ASSUME THE COST OF ANY NECESSARY SERVICING,
+ * REPAIR OR CORRECTION.  UNDER NO CIRCUMSTANCES AND UNDER NO LEGAL THEORY,
+ * WHETHER TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE), CONTRACT, OR OTHERWISE, SHALL THE
+ * INITIAL DEVELOPER, THE UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA, IMAGE POWER, INC.,
+ * MICHAEL DAVID ADAMS, ANY OTHER CONTRIBUTOR, OR ANY DISTRIBUTOR OF THE
+ * JASPER SOFTWARE, OR ANY SUPPLIER OF ANY OF SUCH PARTIES, BE LIABLE TO
+ * THE USER OR ANY OTHER PERSON FOR ANY INDIRECT, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL, OR
+ * CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OF ANY CHARACTER INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION,
+ * DAMAGES FOR LOSS OF GOODWILL, WORK STOPPAGE, COMPUTER FAILURE OR
+ * MALFUNCTION, OR ANY AND ALL OTHER COMMERCIAL DAMAGES OR LOSSES, EVEN IF
+ * SUCH PARTY HAD BEEN INFORMED, OR OUGHT TO HAVE KNOWN, OF THE POSSIBILITY
+ * OF SUCH DAMAGES.  THE JASPER SOFTWARE AND UNDERLYING TECHNOLOGY ARE NOT
+ * FAULT-TOLERANT AND ARE NOT DESIGNED, MANUFACTURED OR INTENDED FOR USE OR
+ * RESALE AS ON-LINE CONTROL EQUIPMENT IN HAZARDOUS ENVIRONMENTS REQUIRING
+ * FAIL-SAFE PERFORMANCE, SUCH AS IN THE OPERATION OF NUCLEAR FACILITIES,
+ * AIRCRAFT NAVIGATION OR COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS, AIR TRAFFIC CONTROL, DIRECT
+ * LIFE SUPPORT MACHINES, OR WEAPONS SYSTEMS, IN WHICH THE FAILURE OF THE
+ * JASPER SOFTWARE OR UNDERLYING TECHNOLOGY OR PRODUCT COULD LEAD DIRECTLY
+ * TO DEATH, PERSONAL INJURY, OR SEVERE PHYSICAL OR ENVIRONMENTAL DAMAGE
+ * ("HIGH RISK ACTIVITIES").  LICENSOR SPECIFICALLY DISCLAIMS ANY EXPRESS
+ * OR IMPLIED WARRANTY OF FITNESS FOR HIGH RISK ACTIVITIES.  USER WILL NOT
+ * KNOWINGLY USE, DISTRIBUTE OR RESELL THE JASPER SOFTWARE OR UNDERLYING
+ * TECHNOLOGY OR PRODUCTS FOR HIGH RISK ACTIVITIES AND WILL ENSURE THAT ITS
+ * CUSTOMERS AND END-USERS OF ITS PRODUCTS ARE PROVIDED WITH A COPY OF THE
+ * NOTICE SPECIFIED IN THIS SECTION.
+ * 
+ * __END_OF_JASPER_LICENSE__
+ */
+
+/*
+ * Bit Stream Class
+ *
+ * $Id$
+ */
+
+/******************************************************************************\
+* Includes.
+\******************************************************************************/
+
+#include <assert.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <stdarg.h>
+
+#include "jasper/jas_malloc.h"
+#include "jasper/jas_math.h"
+#include "jasper/jas_debug.h"
+
+#include "jpc_bs.h"
+
+/******************************************************************************\
+* Code for opening and closing bit streams.
+\******************************************************************************/
+
+/* Allocate a new bit stream. */
+static jpc_bitstream_t *jpc_bitstream_alloc()
+{
+	jpc_bitstream_t *bitstream;
+
+	/* Allocate memory for the new bit stream object. */
+	if (!(bitstream = jas_malloc(sizeof(jpc_bitstream_t)))) {
+		return 0;
+	}
+	/* Initialize all of the data members. */
+	bitstream->stream_ = 0;
+	bitstream->cnt_ = 0;
+	bitstream->flags_ = 0;
+	bitstream->openmode_ = 0;
+
+	return bitstream;
+}
+
+/* Open a bit stream from a stream. */
+jpc_bitstream_t *jpc_bitstream_sopen(jas_stream_t *stream, const char *mode)
+{
+	jpc_bitstream_t *bitstream;
+
+	/* Ensure that the open mode is valid. */
+	assert(!strcmp(mode, "r") || !strcmp(mode, "w") || !strcmp(mode, "r+")
+	  || !strcmp(mode, "w+"));
+
+	if (!(bitstream = jpc_bitstream_alloc())) {
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	/* By default, do not close the underlying (character) stream, upon
+	  the close of the bit stream. */
+	bitstream->flags_ = JPC_BITSTREAM_NOCLOSE;
+
+	bitstream->stream_ = stream;
+	bitstream->openmode_ = (mode[0] == 'w') ? JPC_BITSTREAM_WRITE :
+	  JPC_BITSTREAM_READ;
+
+	/* Mark the data buffer as empty. */
+	bitstream->cnt_ = (bitstream->openmode_ == JPC_BITSTREAM_READ) ? 0 : 8;
+	bitstream->buf_ = 0;
+
+	return bitstream;
+}
+
+/* Close a bit stream. */
+int jpc_bitstream_close(jpc_bitstream_t *bitstream)
+{
+	int ret = 0;
+
+	/* Align to the next byte boundary while considering the effects of
+	  bit stuffing. */
+	if (jpc_bitstream_align(bitstream)) {
+		ret = -1;
+	}
+
+	/* If necessary, close the underlying (character) stream. */
+	if (!(bitstream->flags_ & JPC_BITSTREAM_NOCLOSE) && bitstream->stream_) {
+		if (jas_stream_close(bitstream->stream_)) {
+			ret = -1;
+		}
+		bitstream->stream_ = 0;
+	}
+
+	jas_free(bitstream);
+	return ret;
+}
+
+/******************************************************************************\
+* Code for reading/writing from/to bit streams.
+\******************************************************************************/
+
+/* Get a bit from a bit stream. */
+int jpc_bitstream_getbit_func(jpc_bitstream_t *bitstream)
+{
+	int ret;
+	JAS_DBGLOG(1000, ("jpc_bitstream_getbit_func(%p)\n", bitstream));
+	ret = jpc_bitstream_getbit_macro(bitstream);
+	JAS_DBGLOG(1000, ("jpc_bitstream_getbit_func -> %d\n", ret));
+	return ret;
+}
+
+/* Put a bit to a bit stream. */
+int jpc_bitstream_putbit_func(jpc_bitstream_t *bitstream, int b)
+{
+	int ret;
+	JAS_DBGLOG(1000, ("jpc_bitstream_putbit_func(%p, %d)\n", bitstream, b));
+	ret = jpc_bitstream_putbit_macro(bitstream, b);
+	JAS_DBGLOG(1000, ("jpc_bitstream_putbit_func() -> %d\n", ret));
+	return ret;
+}
+
+/* Get one or more bits from a bit stream. */
+long jpc_bitstream_getbits(jpc_bitstream_t *bitstream, int n)
+{
+	long v;
+	int u;
+
+	/* We can reliably get at most 31 bits since ISO/IEC 9899 only
+	  guarantees that a long can represent values up to 2^31-1. */
+	assert(n >= 0 && n < 32);
+
+	/* Get the number of bits requested from the specified bit stream. */
+	v = 0;
+	while (--n >= 0) {
+		if ((u = jpc_bitstream_getbit(bitstream)) < 0) {
+			return -1;
+		}
+		v = (v << 1) | u;
+	}
+	return v;
+}
+
+/* Put one or more bits to a bit stream. */
+int jpc_bitstream_putbits(jpc_bitstream_t *bitstream, int n, long v)
+{
+	int m;
+
+	/* We can reliably put at most 31 bits since ISO/IEC 9899 only
+	  guarantees that a long can represent values up to 2^31-1. */
+	assert(n >= 0 && n < 32);
+	/* Ensure that only the bits to be output are nonzero. */
+	assert(!(v & (~JAS_ONES(n))));
+
+	/* Put the desired number of bits to the specified bit stream. */
+	m = n - 1;
+	while (--n >= 0) {
+		if (jpc_bitstream_putbit(bitstream, (v >> m) & 1) == EOF) {
+			return EOF;
+		}
+		v <<= 1;
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/******************************************************************************\
+* Code for buffer filling and flushing.
+\******************************************************************************/
+
+/* Fill the buffer for a bit stream. */
+int jpc_bitstream_fillbuf(jpc_bitstream_t *bitstream)
+{
+	int c;
+	/* Note: The count has already been decremented by the caller. */
+	assert(bitstream->openmode_ & JPC_BITSTREAM_READ);
+	assert(bitstream->cnt_ <= 0);
+
+	if (bitstream->flags_ & JPC_BITSTREAM_ERR) {
+		bitstream->cnt_ = 0;
+		return -1;
+	}
+
+	if (bitstream->flags_ & JPC_BITSTREAM_EOF) {
+		bitstream->buf_ = 0x7f;
+		bitstream->cnt_ = 7;
+		return 1;
+	}
+
+	bitstream->buf_ = (bitstream->buf_ << 8) & 0xffff;
+	if ((c = jas_stream_getc((bitstream)->stream_)) == EOF) {
+		bitstream->flags_ |= JPC_BITSTREAM_EOF;
+		return 1;
+	}
+	bitstream->cnt_ = (bitstream->buf_ == 0xff00) ? 6 : 7;
+	bitstream->buf_ |= c & ((1 << (bitstream->cnt_ + 1)) - 1);
+	return (bitstream->buf_ >> bitstream->cnt_) & 1;
+}
+
+
+/******************************************************************************\
+* Code related to flushing.
+\******************************************************************************/
+
+/* Does the bit stream need to be aligned to a byte boundary (considering
+  the effects of bit stuffing)? */
+int jpc_bitstream_needalign(jpc_bitstream_t *bitstream)
+{
+	if (bitstream->openmode_ & JPC_BITSTREAM_READ) {
+		/* The bit stream is open for reading. */
+		/* If there are any bits buffered for reading, or the
+		  previous byte forced a stuffed bit, alignment is
+		  required. */
+		if ((bitstream->cnt_ < 8 && bitstream->cnt_ > 0) ||
+		  ((bitstream->buf_ >> 8) & 0xff) == 0xff) {
+			return 1;
+		}
+	} else if (bitstream->openmode_ & JPC_BITSTREAM_WRITE) {
+		/* The bit stream is open for writing. */
+		/* If there are any bits buffered for writing, or the
+		  previous byte forced a stuffed bit, alignment is
+		  required. */
+		if ((bitstream->cnt_ < 8 && bitstream->cnt_ >= 0) ||
+		  ((bitstream->buf_ >> 8) & 0xff) == 0xff) {
+			return 1;
+		}
+	} else {
+		/* This should not happen.  Famous last words, eh? :-) */
+		assert(0);
+		return -1;
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/* How many additional bytes would be output if we align the bit stream? */
+int jpc_bitstream_pending(jpc_bitstream_t *bitstream)
+{
+	if (bitstream->openmode_ & JPC_BITSTREAM_WRITE) {
+		/* The bit stream is being used for writing. */
+#if 1
+		/* XXX - Is this really correct?  Check someday... */
+		if (bitstream->cnt_ < 8) {
+			return 1;
+		}
+#else
+		if (bitstream->cnt_ < 8) {
+			if (((bitstream->buf_ >> 8) & 0xff) == 0xff) {
+				return 2;
+			}
+			return 1;
+		}
+#endif
+		return 0;
+	} else {
+		/* This operation should not be invoked on a bit stream that
+		  is being used for reading. */
+		return -1;
+	}
+}
+
+/* Align the bit stream to a byte boundary. */
+int jpc_bitstream_align(jpc_bitstream_t *bitstream)
+{
+	int ret;
+	if (bitstream->openmode_ & JPC_BITSTREAM_READ) {
+		ret = jpc_bitstream_inalign(bitstream, 0, 0);
+	} else if (bitstream->openmode_ & JPC_BITSTREAM_WRITE) {
+		ret = jpc_bitstream_outalign(bitstream, 0);
+	}
+	return ret;
+}
+
+/* Align a bit stream in the input case. */
+int jpc_bitstream_inalign(jpc_bitstream_t *bitstream, int fillmask,
+  int filldata)
+{
+	int n;
+	int v;
+	int u;
+	int numfill;
+	int m;
+
+	numfill = 7;
+	m = 0;
+	v = 0;
+	if (bitstream->cnt_ > 0) {
+		n = bitstream->cnt_;
+	} else if (!bitstream->cnt_) {
+		n = ((bitstream->buf_ & 0xff) == 0xff) ? 7 : 0;
+	} else {
+		n = 0;
+	}
+	if (n > 0) {
+		if ((u = jpc_bitstream_getbits(bitstream, n)) < 0) {
+			return -1;
+		}
+		m += n;
+		v = (v << n) | u;
+	}
+	if ((bitstream->buf_ & 0xff) == 0xff) {
+		if ((u = jpc_bitstream_getbits(bitstream, 7)) < 0) {
+			return -1;
+		}
+		v = (v << 7) | u;
+		m += 7;
+	}
+	if (m > numfill) {
+		v >>= m - numfill;
+	} else {
+		filldata >>= numfill - m;
+		fillmask >>= numfill - m;
+	}
+	if (((~(v ^ filldata)) & fillmask) != fillmask) {
+		/* The actual fill pattern does not match the expected one. */
+		return 1;
+	}
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/* Align a bit stream in the output case. */
+int jpc_bitstream_outalign(jpc_bitstream_t *bitstream, int filldata)
+{
+	int n;
+	int v;
+
+	/* Ensure that this bit stream is open for writing. */
+	assert(bitstream->openmode_ & JPC_BITSTREAM_WRITE);
+
+	/* Ensure that the first bit of fill data is zero. */
+	/* Note: The first bit of fill data must be zero.  If this were not
+	  the case, the fill data itself could cause further bit stuffing to
+	  be required (which would cause numerous complications). */
+	assert(!(filldata & (~0x3f)));
+
+	if (!bitstream->cnt_) {
+		if ((bitstream->buf_ & 0xff) == 0xff) {
+			n = 7;
+			v = filldata;
+		} else {
+			n = 0;
+			v = 0;
+		}
+	} else if (bitstream->cnt_ > 0 && bitstream->cnt_ < 8) {
+		n = bitstream->cnt_;
+		v = filldata >> (7 - n);
+	} else {
+		n = 0;
+		v = 0;
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	/* Write the appropriate fill data to the bit stream. */
+	if (n > 0) {
+		if (jpc_bitstream_putbits(bitstream, n, v)) {
+			return -1;
+		}
+	}
+	if (bitstream->cnt_ < 8) {
+		assert(bitstream->cnt_ >= 0 && bitstream->cnt_ < 8);
+		assert((bitstream->buf_ & 0xff) != 0xff);
+		/* Force the pending byte of output to be written to the
+		  underlying (character) stream. */
+		if (jas_stream_putc(bitstream->stream_, bitstream->buf_ & 0xff) == EOF) {
+			return -1;
+		}
+		bitstream->cnt_ = 8;
+		bitstream->buf_ = (bitstream->buf_ << 8) & 0xffff;
+	}
+
+	return 0;
+}