about summary refs log tree commit diff
path: root/sysdeps/ieee754/ldbl-128/e_powl.c
blob: d8e1af03c6712caad520d050c8a00ed83bcd8595 (plain) (blame)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
209
210
211
212
213
214
215
216
217
218
219
220
221
222
223
224
225
226
227
228
229
230
231
232
233
234
235
236
237
238
239
240
241
242
243
244
245
246
247
248
249
250
251
252
253
254
255
256
257
258
259
260
261
262
263
264
265
266
267
268
269
270
271
272
273
274
275
276
277
278
279
280
281
282
283
284
285
286
287
288
289
290
291
292
293
294
295
296
297
298
299
300
301
302
303
304
305
306
307
308
309
310
311
312
313
314
315
316
317
318
319
320
321
322
323
324
325
326
327
328
329
330
331
332
333
334
335
336
337
338
339
340
341
342
343
344
345
346
347
348
349
350
351
352
353
354
355
356
357
358
359
360
361
362
363
364
365
366
367
368
369
370
371
372
373
374
375
376
377
378
379
380
381
382
383
384
385
386
387
388
389
390
391
392
393
394
395
396
397
398
399
400
401
402
403
404
405
406
407
408
409
410
411
412
413
414
415
416
417
418
419
420
421
422
423
424
425
426
427
428
429
430
431
432
433
434
435
436
437
438
439
440
441
442
/*
 * ====================================================
 * Copyright (C) 1993 by Sun Microsystems, Inc. All rights reserved.
 *
 * Developed at SunPro, a Sun Microsystems, Inc. business.
 * Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this
 * software is freely granted, provided that this notice
 * is preserved.
 * ====================================================
 */

/* Expansions and modifications for 128-bit long double are
   Copyright (C) 2001 Stephen L. Moshier <moshier@na-net.ornl.gov>
   and are incorporated herein by permission of the author.  The author
   reserves the right to distribute this material elsewhere under different
   copying permissions.  These modifications are distributed here under
   the following terms:

    This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
    modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public
    License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
    version 2.1 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.

    This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
    but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
    MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
    Lesser General Public License for more details.

    You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
    License along with this library; if not, write to the Free Software
    Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307  USA */

/* __ieee754_powl(x,y) return x**y
 *
 *		      n
 * Method:  Let x =  2   * (1+f)
 *	1. Compute and return log2(x) in two pieces:
 *		log2(x) = w1 + w2,
 *	   where w1 has 113-53 = 60 bit trailing zeros.
 *	2. Perform y*log2(x) = n+y' by simulating muti-precision
 *	   arithmetic, where |y'|<=0.5.
 *	3. Return x**y = 2**n*exp(y'*log2)
 *
 * Special cases:
 *	1.  (anything) ** 0  is 1
 *	2.  (anything) ** 1  is itself
 *	3.  (anything) ** NAN is NAN
 *	4.  NAN ** (anything except 0) is NAN
 *	5.  +-(|x| > 1) **  +INF is +INF
 *	6.  +-(|x| > 1) **  -INF is +0
 *	7.  +-(|x| < 1) **  +INF is +0
 *	8.  +-(|x| < 1) **  -INF is +INF
 *	9.  +-1         ** +-INF is NAN
 *	10. +0 ** (+anything except 0, NAN)               is +0
 *	11. -0 ** (+anything except 0, NAN, odd integer)  is +0
 *	12. +0 ** (-anything except 0, NAN)               is +INF
 *	13. -0 ** (-anything except 0, NAN, odd integer)  is +INF
 *	14. -0 ** (odd integer) = -( +0 ** (odd integer) )
 *	15. +INF ** (+anything except 0,NAN) is +INF
 *	16. +INF ** (-anything except 0,NAN) is +0
 *	17. -INF ** (anything)  = -0 ** (-anything)
 *	18. (-anything) ** (integer) is (-1)**(integer)*(+anything**integer)
 *	19. (-anything except 0 and inf) ** (non-integer) is NAN
 *
 */

#include "math.h"
#include "math_private.h"

static const long double bp[] = {
  1.0L,
  1.5L,
};

/* log_2(1.5) */
static const long double dp_h[] = {
  0.0,
  5.8496250072115607565592654282227158546448E-1L
};

/* Low part of log_2(1.5) */
static const long double dp_l[] = {
  0.0,
  1.0579781240112554492329533686862998106046E-16L
};

static const long double zero = 0.0L,
  one = 1.0L,
  two = 2.0L,
  two113 = 1.0384593717069655257060992658440192E34L,
  huge = 1.0e3000L,
  tiny = 1.0e-3000L;

/* 3/2 log x = 3 z + z^3 + z^3 (z^2 R(z^2))
   z = (x-1)/(x+1)
   1 <= x <= 1.25
   Peak relative error 2.3e-37 */
static const long double LN[] =
{
 -3.0779177200290054398792536829702930623200E1L,
  6.5135778082209159921251824580292116201640E1L,
 -4.6312921812152436921591152809994014413540E1L,
  1.2510208195629420304615674658258363295208E1L,
 -9.9266909031921425609179910128531667336670E-1L
};
static const long double LD[] =
{
 -5.129862866715009066465422805058933131960E1L,
  1.452015077564081884387441590064272782044E2L,
 -1.524043275549860505277434040464085593165E2L,
  7.236063513651544224319663428634139768808E1L,
 -1.494198912340228235853027849917095580053E1L
  /* 1.0E0 */
};

/* exp(x) = 1 + x - x / (1 - 2 / (x - x^2 R(x^2)))
   0 <= x <= 0.5
   Peak relative error 5.7e-38  */
static const long double PN[] =
{
  5.081801691915377692446852383385968225675E8L,
  9.360895299872484512023336636427675327355E6L,
  4.213701282274196030811629773097579432957E4L,
  5.201006511142748908655720086041570288182E1L,
  9.088368420359444263703202925095675982530E-3L,
};
static const long double PD[] =
{
  3.049081015149226615468111430031590411682E9L,
  1.069833887183886839966085436512368982758E8L,
  8.259257717868875207333991924545445705394E5L,
  1.872583833284143212651746812884298360922E3L,
  /* 1.0E0 */
};

static const long double
  /* ln 2 */
  lg2 = 6.9314718055994530941723212145817656807550E-1L,
  lg2_h = 6.9314718055994528622676398299518041312695E-1L,
  lg2_l = 2.3190468138462996154948554638754786504121E-17L,
  ovt = 8.0085662595372944372e-0017L,
  /* 2/(3*log(2)) */
  cp = 9.6179669392597560490661645400126142495110E-1L,
  cp_h = 9.6179669392597555432899980587535537779331E-1L,
  cp_l = 5.0577616648125906047157785230014751039424E-17L;

long double
__ieee754_powl (long double x, long double y)
{
  long double z, ax, z_h, z_l, p_h, p_l;
  long double y1, t1, t2, r, s, t, u, v, w;
  long double s2, s_h, s_l, t_h, t_l;
  int32_t i, j, k, yisint, n;
  u_int32_t ix, iy;
  int32_t hx, hy;
  ieee854_long_double_shape_type o, p, q;

  p.value = x;
  hx = p.parts32.w0;
  ix = hx & 0x7fffffff;

  q.value = y;
  hy = q.parts32.w0;
  iy = hy & 0x7fffffff;


  /* y==zero: x**0 = 1 */
  if ((iy | q.parts32.w1 | q.parts32.w2 | q.parts32.w3) == 0)
    return one;

  /* 1.0**y = 1; -1.0**+-Inf = 1 */
  if (x == one)
    return one;
  if (x == -1.0L && iy == 0x7fff0000
      && (q.parts32.w1 | q.parts32.w2 | q.parts32.w3) == 0)
    return one;

  /* +-NaN return x+y */
  if ((ix > 0x7fff0000)
      || ((ix == 0x7fff0000)
	  && ((p.parts32.w1 | p.parts32.w2 | p.parts32.w3) != 0))
      || (iy > 0x7fff0000)
      || ((iy == 0x7fff0000)
	  && ((q.parts32.w1 | q.parts32.w2 | q.parts32.w3) != 0)))
    return x + y;

  /* determine if y is an odd int when x < 0
   * yisint = 0       ... y is not an integer
   * yisint = 1       ... y is an odd int
   * yisint = 2       ... y is an even int
   */
  yisint = 0;
  if (hx < 0)
    {
      if (iy >= 0x40700000)	/* 2^113 */
	yisint = 2;		/* even integer y */
      else if (iy >= 0x3fff0000)	/* 1.0 */
	{
	  if (__floorl (y) == y)
	    {
	      z = 0.5 * y;
	      if (__floorl (z) == z)
		yisint = 2;
	      else
		yisint = 1;
	    }
	}
    }

  /* special value of y */
  if ((q.parts32.w1 | q.parts32.w2 | q.parts32.w3) == 0)
    {
      if (iy == 0x7fff0000)	/* y is +-inf */
	{
	  if (((ix - 0x3fff0000) | p.parts32.w1 | p.parts32.w2 | p.parts32.w3)
	      == 0)
	    return y - y;	/* +-1**inf is NaN */
	  else if (ix >= 0x3fff0000)	/* (|x|>1)**+-inf = inf,0 */
	    return (hy >= 0) ? y : zero;
	  else			/* (|x|<1)**-,+inf = inf,0 */
	    return (hy < 0) ? -y : zero;
	}
      if (iy == 0x3fff0000)
	{			/* y is  +-1 */
	  if (hy < 0)
	    return one / x;
	  else
	    return x;
	}
      if (hy == 0x40000000)
	return x * x;		/* y is  2 */
      if (hy == 0x3ffe0000)
	{			/* y is  0.5 */
	  if (hx >= 0)		/* x >= +0 */
	    return __ieee754_sqrtl (x);
	}
    }

  ax = fabsl (x);
  /* special value of x */
  if ((p.parts32.w1 | p.parts32.w2 | p.parts32.w3) == 0)
    {
      if (ix == 0x7fff0000 || ix == 0 || ix == 0x3fff0000)
	{
	  z = ax;		/*x is +-0,+-inf,+-1 */
	  if (hy < 0)
	    z = one / z;	/* z = (1/|x|) */
	  if (hx < 0)
	    {
	      if (((ix - 0x3fff0000) | yisint) == 0)
		{
		  z = (z - z) / (z - z);	/* (-1)**non-int is NaN */
		}
	      else if (yisint == 1)
		z = -z;		/* (x<0)**odd = -(|x|**odd) */
	    }
	  return z;
	}
    }

  /* (x<0)**(non-int) is NaN */
  if (((((u_int32_t) hx >> 31) - 1) | yisint) == 0)
    return (x - x) / (x - x);

  /* |y| is huge.
     2^-16495 = 1/2 of smallest representable value.
     If (1 - 1/131072)^y underflows, y > 1.4986e9 */
  if (iy > 0x401d654b)
    {
      /* if (1 - 2^-113)^y underflows, y > 1.1873e38 */
      if (iy > 0x407d654b)
	{
	  if (ix <= 0x3ffeffff)
	    return (hy < 0) ? huge * huge : tiny * tiny;
	  if (ix >= 0x3fff0000)
	    return (hy > 0) ? huge * huge : tiny * tiny;
	}
      /* over/underflow if x is not close to one */
      if (ix < 0x3ffeffff)
	return (hy < 0) ? huge * huge : tiny * tiny;
      if (ix > 0x3fff0000)
	return (hy > 0) ? huge * huge : tiny * tiny;
    }

  n = 0;
  /* take care subnormal number */
  if (ix < 0x00010000)
    {
      ax *= two113;
      n -= 113;
      o.value = ax;
      ix = o.parts32.w0;
    }
  n += ((ix) >> 16) - 0x3fff;
  j = ix & 0x0000ffff;
  /* determine interval */
  ix = j | 0x3fff0000;		/* normalize ix */
  if (j <= 0x3988)
    k = 0;			/* |x|<sqrt(3/2) */
  else if (j < 0xbb67)
    k = 1;			/* |x|<sqrt(3)   */
  else
    {
      k = 0;
      n += 1;
      ix -= 0x00010000;
    }

  o.value = ax;
  o.parts32.w0 = ix;
  ax = o.value;

  /* compute s = s_h+s_l = (x-1)/(x+1) or (x-1.5)/(x+1.5) */
  u = ax - bp[k];		/* bp[0]=1.0, bp[1]=1.5 */
  v = one / (ax + bp[k]);
  s = u * v;
  s_h = s;

  o.value = s_h;
  o.parts32.w3 = 0;
  o.parts32.w2 &= 0xf8000000;
  s_h = o.value;
  /* t_h=ax+bp[k] High */
  t_h = ax + bp[k];
  o.value = t_h;
  o.parts32.w3 = 0;
  o.parts32.w2 &= 0xf8000000;
  t_h = o.value;
  t_l = ax - (t_h - bp[k]);
  s_l = v * ((u - s_h * t_h) - s_h * t_l);
  /* compute log(ax) */
  s2 = s * s;
  u = LN[0] + s2 * (LN[1] + s2 * (LN[2] + s2 * (LN[3] + s2 * LN[4])));
  v = LD[0] + s2 * (LD[1] + s2 * (LD[2] + s2 * (LD[3] + s2 * (LD[4] + s2))));
  r = s2 * s2 * u / v;
  r += s_l * (s_h + s);
  s2 = s_h * s_h;
  t_h = 3.0 + s2 + r;
  o.value = t_h;
  o.parts32.w3 = 0;
  o.parts32.w2 &= 0xf8000000;
  t_h = o.value;
  t_l = r - ((t_h - 3.0) - s2);
  /* u+v = s*(1+...) */
  u = s_h * t_h;
  v = s_l * t_h + t_l * s;
  /* 2/(3log2)*(s+...) */
  p_h = u + v;
  o.value = p_h;
  o.parts32.w3 = 0;
  o.parts32.w2 &= 0xf8000000;
  p_h = o.value;
  p_l = v - (p_h - u);
  z_h = cp_h * p_h;		/* cp_h+cp_l = 2/(3*log2) */
  z_l = cp_l * p_h + p_l * cp + dp_l[k];
  /* log2(ax) = (s+..)*2/(3*log2) = n + dp_h + z_h + z_l */
  t = (long double) n;
  t1 = (((z_h + z_l) + dp_h[k]) + t);
  o.value = t1;
  o.parts32.w3 = 0;
  o.parts32.w2 &= 0xf8000000;
  t1 = o.value;
  t2 = z_l - (((t1 - t) - dp_h[k]) - z_h);

  /* s (sign of result -ve**odd) = -1 else = 1 */
  s = one;
  if (((((u_int32_t) hx >> 31) - 1) | (yisint - 1)) == 0)
    s = -one;			/* (-ve)**(odd int) */

  /* split up y into y1+y2 and compute (y1+y2)*(t1+t2) */
  y1 = y;
  o.value = y1;
  o.parts32.w3 = 0;
  o.parts32.w2 &= 0xf8000000;
  y1 = o.value;
  p_l = (y - y1) * t1 + y * t2;
  p_h = y1 * t1;
  z = p_l + p_h;
  o.value = z;
  j = o.parts32.w0;
  if (j >= 0x400d0000) /* z >= 16384 */
    {
      /* if z > 16384 */
      if (((j - 0x400d0000) | o.parts32.w1 | o.parts32.w2 | o.parts32.w3) != 0)
	return s * huge * huge;	/* overflow */
      else
	{
	  if (p_l + ovt > z - p_h)
	    return s * huge * huge;	/* overflow */
	}
    }
  else if ((j & 0x7fffffff) >= 0x400d01b9)	/* z <= -16495 */
    {
      /* z < -16495 */
      if (((j - 0xc00d01bc) | o.parts32.w1 | o.parts32.w2 | o.parts32.w3)
	  != 0)
	return s * tiny * tiny;	/* underflow */
      else
	{
	  if (p_l <= z - p_h)
	    return s * tiny * tiny;	/* underflow */
	}
    }
  /* compute 2**(p_h+p_l) */
  i = j & 0x7fffffff;
  k = (i >> 16) - 0x3fff;
  n = 0;
  if (i > 0x3ffe0000)
    {				/* if |z| > 0.5, set n = [z+0.5] */
      n = __floorl (z + 0.5L);
      t = n;
      p_h -= t;
    }
  t = p_l + p_h;
  o.value = t;
  o.parts32.w3 = 0;
  o.parts32.w2 &= 0xf8000000;
  t = o.value;
  u = t * lg2_h;
  v = (p_l - (t - p_h)) * lg2 + t * lg2_l;
  z = u + v;
  w = v - (z - u);
  /*  exp(z) */
  t = z * z;
  u = PN[0] + t * (PN[1] + t * (PN[2] + t * (PN[3] + t * PN[4])));
  v = PD[0] + t * (PD[1] + t * (PD[2] + t * (PD[3] + t)));
  t1 = z - t * u / v;
  r = (z * t1) / (t1 - two) - (w + z * w);
  z = one - (r - z);
  o.value = z;
  j = o.parts32.w0;
  j += (n << 16);
  if ((j >> 16) <= 0)
    z = __scalbnl (z, n);	/* subnormal output */
  else
    {
      o.parts32.w0 = j;
      z = o.value;
    }
  return s * z;
}
strong_alias (__ieee754_powl, __powl_finite)