about summary refs log tree commit diff
path: root/posix/wordexp.c
blob: e89f30d628db290005a296346b600858f7869245 (plain) (blame)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
209
210
211
212
213
214
215
216
217
218
219
220
221
222
223
224
225
226
227
228
229
230
231
232
233
234
235
236
237
238
239
240
241
242
243
244
245
246
247
248
249
250
251
252
253
254
255
256
257
258
259
260
261
262
263
264
265
266
267
268
269
270
271
272
273
274
275
276
277
278
279
280
281
282
283
284
285
286
287
288
289
290
291
292
293
294
295
296
297
298
299
300
301
302
303
304
305
306
307
308
309
310
311
312
313
314
315
316
317
318
319
320
321
322
323
324
325
326
327
328
329
330
331
332
333
334
335
336
337
338
339
340
341
342
343
344
345
346
347
348
349
350
351
352
353
354
355
356
357
358
359
360
361
362
363
364
365
366
367
368
369
370
371
372
373
374
375
376
377
378
379
380
381
382
383
384
385
386
387
388
389
390
391
392
393
394
395
396
397
398
399
400
401
402
403
404
405
406
407
408
409
410
411
412
413
414
415
416
417
418
419
420
421
422
423
424
425
426
427
428
429
430
431
432
433
434
435
436
437
438
439
440
441
442
443
444
445
446
447
448
449
450
451
452
453
454
455
456
457
458
459
460
461
462
463
464
465
466
467
468
469
470
471
472
473
474
475
476
477
478
479
480
481
482
483
484
485
486
487
488
489
490
491
492
493
494
495
496
497
498
499
500
501
502
503
504
505
506
507
508
509
510
511
512
513
514
515
516
517
518
519
520
521
522
523
524
525
526
527
528
529
530
531
532
533
534
535
536
537
538
539
540
541
542
543
544
545
546
547
548
549
550
551
552
553
554
555
556
557
558
559
560
561
562
563
564
565
566
567
568
569
570
571
572
573
574
575
576
577
578
579
580
581
582
583
584
585
586
587
588
589
590
591
592
593
594
595
596
597
598
599
600
601
602
603
604
605
606
607
608
609
610
611
612
613
614
615
616
617
618
619
620
621
622
623
624
625
626
627
628
629
630
631
632
633
634
635
636
637
638
639
640
641
642
643
644
645
646
647
648
649
650
651
652
653
654
655
656
657
658
659
660
661
662
663
664
665
666
667
668
669
670
671
672
673
674
675
676
677
678
679
680
681
682
683
684
685
686
687
688
689
690
691
692
693
694
695
696
697
698
699
700
701
702
703
704
705
706
707
708
709
710
711
712
713
714
715
716
717
718
719
720
721
722
723
724
725
726
727
728
729
730
731
732
733
734
735
736
737
738
739
740
741
742
743
744
745
746
747
748
749
750
751
752
753
754
755
756
757
758
759
760
761
762
763
764
765
766
767
768
769
770
771
772
773
774
775
776
777
778
779
780
781
782
783
784
785
786
787
788
789
790
791
792
793
794
795
796
797
798
799
800
801
802
803
804
805
806
807
808
809
810
811
812
813
814
815
816
817
818
819
820
821
822
823
824
825
826
827
828
829
830
831
832
833
834
835
836
837
838
839
840
841
842
843
844
845
846
847
848
849
850
851
852
853
854
855
856
857
858
859
860
861
862
863
864
865
866
867
868
869
870
871
872
873
874
875
876
877
878
879
880
881
882
883
884
885
886
887
888
889
890
891
892
893
894
895
896
897
898
899
900
901
902
903
904
905
906
907
908
909
910
911
912
913
914
915
916
917
918
919
920
921
922
923
924
925
926
927
928
929
930
931
932
933
934
935
936
937
938
939
940
941
942
943
944
945
946
947
948
949
950
951
952
953
954
955
956
957
958
959
960
961
962
963
964
965
966
967
968
969
970
971
972
973
974
975
976
977
978
979
980
981
982
983
984
985
986
987
988
989
990
991
992
993
994
995
996
997
998
999
1000
1001
1002
1003
1004
1005
1006
1007
1008
1009
1010
1011
1012
1013
1014
1015
1016
1017
1018
1019
1020
1021
1022
1023
1024
1025
1026
1027
1028
1029
1030
1031
1032
1033
1034
1035
1036
1037
1038
1039
1040
1041
1042
1043
1044
1045
1046
1047
1048
1049
1050
1051
1052
1053
1054
1055
1056
1057
1058
1059
1060
1061
1062
1063
1064
1065
1066
1067
1068
1069
1070
1071
1072
1073
1074
1075
1076
1077
1078
1079
1080
1081
1082
1083
1084
1085
1086
1087
1088
1089
1090
1091
1092
1093
1094
1095
1096
1097
1098
1099
1100
1101
1102
1103
1104
1105
1106
1107
1108
1109
1110
1111
1112
1113
1114
1115
1116
1117
1118
1119
1120
1121
1122
1123
1124
1125
1126
1127
1128
1129
1130
1131
1132
1133
1134
1135
1136
1137
1138
1139
1140
1141
1142
1143
1144
1145
1146
1147
1148
1149
1150
1151
1152
1153
1154
1155
1156
1157
1158
1159
1160
1161
1162
1163
1164
1165
1166
1167
1168
1169
1170
1171
1172
1173
1174
1175
1176
1177
1178
1179
1180
1181
1182
1183
1184
1185
1186
1187
1188
1189
1190
1191
1192
1193
1194
1195
1196
1197
1198
1199
1200
1201
1202
1203
1204
1205
1206
1207
1208
1209
1210
1211
1212
1213
1214
1215
1216
1217
1218
1219
1220
1221
1222
1223
1224
1225
1226
1227
1228
1229
1230
1231
1232
1233
1234
1235
1236
1237
1238
1239
1240
1241
1242
1243
1244
1245
1246
1247
1248
1249
1250
1251
1252
1253
1254
1255
1256
1257
1258
1259
1260
1261
1262
1263
1264
1265
1266
1267
1268
1269
1270
1271
1272
1273
1274
1275
1276
1277
1278
1279
1280
1281
1282
1283
1284
1285
1286
1287
1288
1289
1290
1291
1292
1293
1294
1295
1296
1297
1298
1299
1300
1301
1302
1303
1304
1305
1306
1307
1308
1309
1310
1311
1312
1313
1314
1315
1316
1317
1318
1319
1320
1321
1322
1323
1324
1325
1326
1327
1328
1329
1330
1331
1332
1333
1334
1335
1336
1337
1338
1339
1340
1341
1342
1343
1344
1345
1346
1347
1348
1349
1350
1351
1352
1353
1354
1355
1356
1357
1358
1359
1360
1361
1362
1363
1364
1365
1366
1367
1368
1369
1370
1371
1372
1373
1374
1375
1376
1377
1378
1379
1380
1381
1382
1383
1384
1385
1386
1387
1388
1389
1390
1391
1392
1393
1394
1395
1396
1397
1398
1399
1400
1401
1402
1403
1404
1405
1406
1407
1408
1409
1410
1411
1412
1413
1414
1415
1416
1417
1418
1419
1420
1421
1422
1423
1424
1425
1426
1427
1428
1429
1430
1431
1432
1433
1434
1435
1436
1437
1438
1439
1440
1441
1442
1443
1444
1445
1446
1447
1448
1449
1450
1451
1452
1453
1454
1455
1456
1457
1458
1459
1460
1461
1462
1463
1464
1465
1466
1467
1468
1469
1470
1471
1472
1473
1474
1475
1476
1477
1478
1479
1480
1481
1482
1483
1484
1485
1486
1487
1488
1489
1490
1491
1492
1493
1494
1495
1496
1497
1498
1499
1500
1501
1502
1503
1504
1505
1506
1507
1508
1509
1510
1511
1512
1513
1514
1515
1516
1517
1518
1519
1520
1521
1522
1523
1524
1525
1526
1527
1528
1529
1530
1531
1532
1533
1534
1535
1536
1537
1538
1539
1540
1541
1542
1543
1544
1545
1546
1547
1548
1549
1550
1551
1552
1553
1554
1555
1556
1557
1558
1559
1560
1561
1562
1563
1564
1565
1566
1567
1568
1569
1570
1571
1572
1573
1574
1575
1576
1577
1578
1579
1580
1581
1582
1583
1584
1585
1586
1587
1588
1589
1590
1591
1592
1593
1594
1595
1596
1597
/* POSIX.2 wordexp implementation.
   Copyright (C) 1997 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
   This file is part of the GNU C Library.
   Contributed by Tim Waugh <tim@cyberelk.demon.co.uk>.

   The GNU C Library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
   modify it under the terms of the GNU Library General Public License as
   published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the
   License, or (at your option) any later version.

   The GNU C Library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
   Library General Public License for more details.

   You should have received a copy of the GNU Library General Public
   License along with the GNU C Library; see the file COPYING.LIB.  If not,
   write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330,
   Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA.  */

#include <wordexp.h>
#include <signal.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <pwd.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <glob.h>
#include <ctype.h>
#include <sys/time.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/wait.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <paths.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <sys/param.h>
#include <stdio.h>

#include <assert.h>

/*
 * This is a recursive-descent-style word expansion routine.
 */

/* Some forward declarations */
static int parse_dollars (char **word, size_t *word_length, size_t *max_length,
			  const char *words, size_t *offset, int flags,
			  wordexp_t *pwordexp);
static int parse_backtick (char **word, size_t *word_length,
			   size_t *max_length, const char *words,
			   size_t *offset, int flags, wordexp_t *pwordexp);
static int eval_expr (char *expr, int *result);

/* The w_*() functions manipulate word lists. */

#define W_CHUNK	(100)

static inline char *
w_addchar (char *buffer, size_t *actlen, size_t *maxlen, char ch)
     /* (lengths exclude trailing zero) */
{
  /* Add a character to the buffer, allocating room for it if needed.
   */

  if (*actlen == *maxlen)
    {
      char *old_buffer = buffer;
      assert (buffer == NULL || *maxlen != 0);
      *maxlen += W_CHUNK;
      buffer = realloc (buffer, 1 + *maxlen);

      if (buffer == NULL)
	free (old_buffer);
    }

  if (buffer != NULL)
    {
      buffer[*actlen] = ch;
      buffer[++(*actlen)] = '\0';
    }

  return buffer;
}

static char *
w_addstr (char *buffer, size_t *actlen, size_t *maxlen, const char *str)
     /* (lengths exclude trailing zero) */
{
  /* Add a string to the buffer, allocating room for it if needed.
   */
  size_t len;

  assert (str != NULL); /* w_addstr only called from this file */
  len = strlen (str);

  if (*actlen + len > *maxlen)
    {
      char *old_buffer = buffer;
      assert (buffer == NULL || *maxlen != 0);
      *maxlen += MAX (2 * len, W_CHUNK);
      buffer = realloc (old_buffer, 1 + *maxlen);

      if (buffer == NULL)
	free (old_buffer);
    }

  if (buffer != NULL)
    {
      memcpy (&buffer[*actlen], str, len);
      *actlen += len;
      buffer[*actlen] = '\0';
    }

  return buffer;
}

static int
w_addword (wordexp_t *pwordexp, char *word)
{
  /* Add a word to the wordlist */
  size_t num_p;

  num_p = 2 + pwordexp->we_wordc + pwordexp->we_offs;
  pwordexp->we_wordv = realloc (pwordexp->we_wordv, sizeof (char *) * num_p);
  if (pwordexp->we_wordv != NULL)
    {
      pwordexp->we_wordv[pwordexp->we_wordc++] = word;
      pwordexp->we_wordv[pwordexp->we_wordc] = NULL;
      return 0;
    }

  return WRDE_NOSPACE;
}

/* The parse_*() functions should leave *offset being the offset in 'words'
 * to the last character processed.
 */

static int
parse_backslash (char **word, size_t *word_length, size_t *max_length,
		 const char *words, size_t *offset)
{
  /* We are poised _at_ a backslash, not in quotes */

  switch (words[1 + *offset])
    {
    case 0:
      /* Backslash is last character of input words */
      return WRDE_SYNTAX;

    case '\n':
      (*offset)++;
      break;

    default:
      *word = w_addchar (*word, word_length, max_length, words[1 + *offset]);
      if (*word == NULL)
	return WRDE_NOSPACE;

      (*offset)++;
      break;
    }

  return 0;
}

static int
parse_qtd_backslash (char **word, size_t *word_length, size_t *max_length,
		     const char *words, size_t *offset)
{
  /* We are poised _at_ a backslash, inside quotes */

  switch (words[1 + *offset])
    {
    case 0:
      /* Backslash is last character of input words */
      return WRDE_SYNTAX;

    case '\n':
      ++(*offset);
      break;

    case '$':
    case '`':
    case '"':
    case '\\':
      *word = w_addchar (*word, word_length, max_length, words[1 + *offset]);
      if (*word == NULL)
	return WRDE_NOSPACE;

      ++(*offset);
      break;

    default:
      *word = w_addchar (*word, word_length, max_length, words[*offset]);
      if (*word != NULL)
	*word = w_addchar (*word, word_length, max_length, words[1 + *offset]);

      if (*word == NULL)
	return WRDE_NOSPACE;

      ++(*offset);
      break;
    }

  return 0;
}

static int
parse_tilde (char **word, size_t *word_length, size_t *max_length,
	     const char *words, size_t *offset, size_t wordc)
{
  /* We are poised _at_ a tilde */
  size_t i;

  if (*word_length != 0)
    {
      if (!((*word)[*word_length - 1] == '=' && wordc == 0))
	{
	  if (!((*word)[*word_length - 1] == ':' &&
		strchr (*word, '=') && wordc == 0))
	    {
	      *word = w_addchar (*word, word_length, max_length, '~');
	      return *word ? 0 : WRDE_NOSPACE;
	    }
	}
    }

  for (i = 1 + *offset; words[i]; i++)
    {
      if (words[i] == ':' || words[i] == '/' || words[i] == ' ' ||
	  words[i] == '\t' || words[i] == 0 )
	break;

      if (words[i] == '\\')
	{
	  *word = w_addchar (*word, word_length, max_length, '~');
	  return *word ? 0 : WRDE_NOSPACE;
	}
    }

  if (i == 1 + *offset)
    {
      /* Tilde appears on its own */
      uid_t uid;
      struct passwd pwd, *tpwd;
      int buflen = 1000;
      char* buffer = __alloca (buflen);
      int result;

      uid = getuid ();

      while ((result = __getpwuid_r (uid, &pwd, buffer, buflen, &tpwd)) != 0
	     && errno == ERANGE)
	{
	  buflen += 1000;
	  buffer = __alloca (buflen);
	}

      if (result == 0 && pwd.pw_dir != NULL)
	{
	  *word = w_addstr (*word, word_length, max_length, pwd.pw_dir);
	  if (*word == NULL)
	    return WRDE_NOSPACE;
	}
      else
	{
	  *word = w_addchar (*word, word_length, max_length, '~');
	  if (*word == NULL)
	    return WRDE_NOSPACE;
	}
    }
  else
    {
      /* Look up user name in database to get home directory */
      char *user = __strndup (&words[1 + *offset], i - *offset);
      struct passwd pwd, *tpwd;
      int buflen = 1000;
      char* buffer = __alloca (buflen);
      int result;

      while ((result = __getpwnam_r (user, &pwd, buffer, buflen, &tpwd)) != 0
	     && errno == ERANGE)
	{
	  buflen += 1000;
	  buffer = __alloca (buflen);
	}

      if (result == 0 && pwd.pw_dir)
	*word = w_addstr (*word, word_length, max_length, pwd.pw_dir);
      else
	{
	  /* (invalid login name) */
	  *word = w_addchar (*word, word_length, max_length, '~');
	  if (*word != NULL)
	    *word = w_addstr (*word, word_length, max_length, user);
	}

      *offset = i - 1;
    }
  return *word ? 0 : WRDE_NOSPACE;
}

static int
parse_glob (char **word, size_t *word_length, size_t *max_length,
	    const char *words, size_t *offset, int flags,
	    wordexp_t *pwordexp, char *ifs)
{
  /* We are poised just after a '*' or a '{'. */
  int error;
  glob_t globbuf;
  int match;
  char *matching_word;

  for (; words[*offset]; (*offset)++)
    switch (words[*offset])
      {
      case ' ':
      case '\t':
	break;

      case '$':
	error = parse_dollars (word, word_length, max_length, words, offset,
			       flags, pwordexp);
	if (error)
	  return error;

	continue;

      default:
	if (ifs == NULL || strchr (ifs, words[*offset]) == NULL)
	  {
	    *word = w_addchar (*word, word_length, max_length, words[*offset]);
	    if (*word == NULL)
	      return WRDE_NOSPACE;

	    continue;
	  }

	break;
      }

  error = glob (*word, GLOB_NOCHECK, NULL, &globbuf);

  if (error != 0)
    {
      /* We can only run into memory problems.  */
      assert (error == GLOB_NOSPACE);

      return WRDE_NOSPACE;
    }

  if (ifs && !*ifs)
    {
      /* No field splitting allowed */
      *word_length = strlen (globbuf.gl_pathv[0]);
      *word = realloc (*word, 1 + *word_length);
      if (*word == NULL)
	goto no_space;

      strcpy (*word, globbuf.gl_pathv[0]);

      for (match = 1; match < globbuf.gl_pathc && *word != NULL; ++match)
	{
	  *word = w_addchar (*word, word_length, max_length, ' ');
	  if (*word != NULL)
	    *word = w_addstr (*word, word_length, max_length,
			      globbuf.gl_pathv[match]);
	}

      /* Re-parse white space on return */
      globfree (&globbuf);
      --(*offset);
      return *word ? 0 : WRDE_NOSPACE;
    }

  /* here ifs != "" */
  free (*word);
  *word = NULL;
  *word_length = 0;

  matching_word = malloc (1 + strlen (globbuf.gl_pathv[0]));
  if (matching_word == NULL)
    goto no_space;

  strcpy (matching_word, globbuf.gl_pathv[0]);
  if (w_addword (pwordexp, matching_word) == WRDE_NOSPACE)
    goto no_space;

  for (match = 1; match < globbuf.gl_pathc; ++match)
    {
      matching_word = __strdup (globbuf.gl_pathv[match]);
      if (matching_word == NULL)
	goto no_space;

      if (w_addword (pwordexp, matching_word) == WRDE_NOSPACE)
	goto no_space;
    }

  globfree (&globbuf);

  /* Re-parse white space on return */
  --(*offset);
  return 0;

no_space:
  globfree (&globbuf);
  return WRDE_NOSPACE;
}

static int
parse_squote (char **word, size_t *word_length, size_t *max_length,
	      const char *words, size_t *offset)
{
  /* We are poised just after a single quote */
  for (; words[*offset]; ++(*offset))
    {
      if (words[*offset] != '\'')
	{
	  *word = w_addchar (*word, word_length, max_length, words[*offset]);
	  if (*word == NULL)
	    return WRDE_NOSPACE;
	}
      else return 0;
    }

  /* Unterminated string */
  return WRDE_SYNTAX;
}

/* Functions to evaluate an arithmetic expression */
static int
eval_expr_val (char **expr, int *result)
{
  int sgn = +1;
  char *digit;

  /* Skip white space */
  for (digit = *expr; digit && *digit && isspace (*digit); ++digit);

  switch (*digit)
    {
    case '(':

      /* Scan for closing paren */
      for (++digit; **expr && **expr != ')'; ++(*expr));

      /* Is there one? */
      if (!**expr)
	return WRDE_SYNTAX;

      *(*expr)++ = 0;

      if (eval_expr (digit, result))
	return WRDE_SYNTAX;

      return 0;

    case '+':	/* Positive value */
      ++digit;
      break;

    case '-':	/* Negative value */
      ++digit;
      sgn = -1;
      break;

    default:
      if (!isdigit (*digit))
	return WRDE_SYNTAX;
    }

  *result = 0;
  for (; *digit && isdigit (*digit); ++digit)
    *result = (*result * 10) + (*digit - '0');

  *expr = digit;
  *result *= sgn;
  return 0;
}

static int
eval_expr_multdiv (char **expr, int *result)
{
  int arg;

  /* Read a Value */
  if (eval_expr_val (expr, result))
    return WRDE_SYNTAX;

  while (**expr)
    {
      /* Skip white space */
      for (; *expr && **expr && isspace (**expr); ++(*expr));

      if (**expr == '*')
	{
	  (*expr)++;
	  if ((eval_expr_val (expr, &arg)) != 0)
	    return WRDE_SYNTAX;

	  *result *= arg;
	}
      else if (**expr == '/')
	{
	  (*expr)++;
	  if ((eval_expr_val (expr, &arg)) != 0)
	    return WRDE_SYNTAX;

	  *result /= arg;
	}
      else break;
    }

  return 0;
}

static int
eval_expr (char *expr, int *result)
{
  int arg;

  /* Read a Multdiv */
  if ((eval_expr_multdiv (&expr, result)) != 0)
    return WRDE_SYNTAX;

  while (*expr)
    {
      /* Skip white space */
      for (; expr && *expr && isspace (*expr); ++expr);

      if (*expr == '+')
	{
	  expr++;
	  if ((eval_expr_multdiv (&expr, &arg)) != 0)
	    return WRDE_SYNTAX;

	  *result += arg;
	}
      else if (*expr == '-')
	{
	  expr++;
	  if ((eval_expr_multdiv (&expr, &arg)) != 0)
	    return WRDE_SYNTAX;

	  *result -= arg;
	}
      else break;
    }

  return 0;
}

static int
parse_arith (char **word, size_t *word_length, size_t *max_length,
	     const char *words, size_t *offset, int flags, int bracket)
{
  /* We are poised just after "$((" or "$[" */
  int error;
  int paren_depth = 1;
  size_t expr_length = 0;
  size_t expr_maxlen = 0;
  char *expr = NULL;

  for (; words[*offset]; ++(*offset))
    {
      switch (words[*offset])
	{
	case '$':
	  error = parse_dollars (&expr, &expr_length, &expr_maxlen,
				 words, offset, flags, NULL);
	  /* The NULL here is to tell parse_dollars not to
	   * split the fields.
	   */
	  if (error)
	    {
	      free (expr);
	      return error;
	    }
	  break;

	case '`':
	  (*offset)++;
	  error = parse_backtick (&expr, &expr_length, &expr_maxlen,
				  words, offset, flags, NULL);
	  /* The NULL here is to tell parse_backtick not to
	   * split the fields.
	   */
	  if (error)
	    {
	      free (expr);
	      return error;
	    }
	  break;

	case '\\':
	  error = parse_qtd_backslash (&expr, &expr_length, &expr_maxlen,
				       words, offset);
	  if (error)
	    {
	      free (expr);
	      return error;
	    }
	  /* I think that a backslash within an
	   * arithmetic expansion is bound to
	   * cause an error sooner or later anyway though.
	   */
	  break;

	case ')':
	  if (--paren_depth == 0)
	    {
	      char *result;
	      int numresult = 0;

	      if (bracket || words[1 + *offset] != ')')
		return WRDE_SYNTAX;

	      ++(*offset);

	      /* Go - evaluate. */
	      if (*expr &&
		  eval_expr (expr, &numresult) != 0)
		return WRDE_SYNTAX;

	      result = __alloca (100);
	      __snprintf (result, 100, "%d", numresult);
	      *word = w_addstr (*word, word_length, max_length, result);
	      free (expr);
	      return *word ? 0 : WRDE_NOSPACE;
	    }
	  expr = w_addchar (expr, &expr_length, &expr_maxlen, words[*offset]);
	  if (expr == NULL)
	    return WRDE_NOSPACE;

	  break;

	case ']':
	  if (bracket && paren_depth == 1)
	    {
	      char *result;
	      int numresult = 0;

	      /* Go - evaluate. */
	      if (*expr && eval_expr (expr, &numresult) != 0)
		return WRDE_SYNTAX;

	      result = __alloca (100);
	      __snprintf (result, 100, "%d", numresult);
	      *word = w_addstr (*word, word_length, max_length, result);
	      free (expr);
	      return *word ? 0 : WRDE_NOSPACE;
	    }

	  free (expr);
	  return WRDE_SYNTAX;

	case '\n':
	case ';':
	case '{':
	case '}':
	  free (expr);
	  return WRDE_BADCHAR;

	case '(':
	  ++paren_depth;
	default:
	  expr = w_addchar (expr, &expr_length, &expr_maxlen, words[*offset]);
	  if (expr == NULL)
	    return WRDE_NOSPACE;
	}
    }

  /* Premature end */
  free (expr);
  return WRDE_SYNTAX;
}

/* Function to execute a command and retrieve the results */
/* pwordexp contains NULL if field-splitting is forbidden */
static int
exec_comm (char *comm, char **word, size_t *word_length, size_t *max_length,
	   int flags, wordexp_t *pwordexp)
{
  int fildes[2];
  int bufsize = 128;
  int buflen;
  int state = 0;
  int i;
  char *buffer;
  pid_t pid;
  /* 'state' is:
   *  0 until first non-(whitespace-ifs)
   *  1 after a non-ifs
   *  2 after non-(whitespace-ifs)
   */

  /* Don't fork() unless necessary */
  if (!comm || !*comm)
    return 0;

  if (pipe (fildes))
    /* Bad */
    return WRDE_NOSPACE;

  if ((pid = fork ()) < 0)
    {
      /* Bad */
      return WRDE_NOSPACE;
    }

  if (pid == 0)
    {
      /* Child */
      /* Redirect input and output */
      dup2 (fildes[1], 1);

      /* Close stderr if we have to */
      if ((flags & WRDE_SHOWERR) == 0)
	close (2);

      execl (_PATH_BSHELL, _PATH_BSHELL, "-c", comm, NULL);

      /* Bad. What now? */
      exit (1);
    }

  /* Parent */

  close (fildes[1]);
  buffer = __alloca (bufsize);

  if (!pwordexp)
    { /* Quoted - no field splitting */

      while (1)
	{
	  if ((buflen = read (fildes[0], buffer, bufsize)) < 1)
	    {
	      if (waitpid (pid, NULL, WNOHANG) == 0)
		continue;
	      if ((buflen = read (fildes[0], buffer, bufsize)) < 1)
		break;
	    }

	  for (i = 0; i < buflen; ++i)
	    {
	      *word = w_addchar (*word, word_length, max_length, buffer[i]);
	      if (*word == NULL)
		{
		  close (fildes[0]);
		  return WRDE_NOSPACE;
		}
	    }
	}

      close (fildes[0]);
      return 0;
    }

  /* Not quoted - split fields.
   * NB. This isn't done properly yet.
   */
  while (1)
    {
      if ((buflen = read (fildes[0], buffer, bufsize)) < 1)
	{
	  if (waitpid (pid, NULL, WNOHANG) == 0)
	    continue;
	  if ((read (fildes[0], buffer, bufsize)) < 1)
	    break;
	}

      for (i = 0; i < buflen; ++i)
	{
	  /* What if these aren't field separators? FIX */
	  if (buffer[i] == ' ' || buffer[i] == '\t' || buffer[i] == '\n')
	    {
	      if (state != 0)
		state = 2;
	      continue;
	    }

	  if (state == 2)
	    {
	      /* End of word */
	      if (w_addword (pwordexp, *word) == WRDE_NOSPACE)
		{
		  close (fildes[0]);
		  return WRDE_NOSPACE;
		}

	      *word = NULL;
	      *word_length = 0;
	    }

	  state = 1;
	  *word = w_addchar (*word, word_length, max_length, buffer[i]);
	  if (*word == NULL)
	    {
	      close (fildes[0]);
	      return WRDE_NOSPACE;
	    }
	}
    }

  close (fildes[0]);
  return 0;
}

static int
parse_comm (char **word, size_t *word_length, size_t *max_length,
	    const char *words, size_t *offset, int flags, wordexp_t *pwordexp)
{
  /* We are poised just after "$(" */
  int paren_depth = 1;
  int error;
  size_t comm_length = 0;
  size_t comm_maxlen = 0;
  char *comm = NULL;

  for (; words[*offset]; ++(*offset))
    {
      switch (words[*offset])
	{
	case ')':
	  if (--paren_depth == 0)
	    {
	      /* Go -- give script to the shell */
	      error = exec_comm (comm, word, word_length, max_length, flags,
				 pwordexp);
	      free (comm);
	      return error;
	    }

	  /* This is just part of the script */
	  comm = w_addchar (comm, &comm_length, &comm_maxlen, words[*offset]);
	  if (comm == NULL)
	    return WRDE_NOSPACE;

	  break;

	case '(':
	  paren_depth++;
	default:
	  comm = w_addchar (comm, &comm_length, &comm_maxlen, words[*offset]);
	  if (comm == NULL)
	    return WRDE_NOSPACE;

	  break;
	}
    }

  /* Premature end */
  free (comm);
  return WRDE_SYNTAX;
}

static int
parse_param (char **word, size_t *word_length, size_t *max_length,
	     const char *words, size_t *offset, int flags, wordexp_t *pwordexp)
{
  /* We are poised just after "$" */
  size_t start = *offset;
  size_t env_length = 0;
  size_t env_maxlen = 0;
  size_t pat_length = 0;
  size_t pat_maxlen = 0;
  char *env = NULL;
  char *pattern = NULL;
  char *value;
  char action = 0;
  int prefix = 0;
  int suffix = 0;
  int colon_seen = 0;
  int depth = 0;
  int error;

  for (; words[*offset]; ++(*offset))
    {
      switch (words[*offset])
	{
	case '{':
	  if (action || prefix || suffix)
	    {
	      ++depth;
	      pattern = w_addchar (pattern, &pat_length, &pat_maxlen,
				   words[*offset]);
	      if (pattern == NULL)
		goto no_space;

	      break;
	    }

	  if (*offset == start)
	    break;
	  /* Otherwise evaluate */
	  /* (and re-parse this character) */
	  --(*offset);
	  goto envsubst;

	case '}':
	  if (words[start] != '{')
	    {
	      --(*offset);
	    }

	  if (action || prefix || suffix)
	    {
	      if (--depth)
		{
		  pattern = w_addchar (pattern, &pat_length, &pat_maxlen,
				       words[*offset]);
		  if (pattern == NULL)
		    goto no_space;

		  break;
		}
	    }

	  /* Evaluate */
	  goto envsubst;

	case '#':
	case '%':
	  if (words[start] == '{')
	    {
	      /* At the start?  (ie. 'string length') */
	      if (*offset == start + 1)
		break;

	      /* Separating variable name from prefix pattern? */
	      if (words[*offset] == '#')
		{
		  if (prefix < 2 && !suffix)
		    {
		      ++prefix;
		      break;
		    }
		}
	      else
		{
		  if (suffix < 2 && !prefix)
		    {
		      ++suffix;
		      break;
		    }
		}

	      /* Must be part of prefix/suffix pattern. */
	      pattern = w_addchar (pattern, &pat_length, &pat_maxlen,
				   words[*offset]);
	      if (pattern == NULL)
		goto no_space;

	      break;
	    }
	  /* Otherwise evaluate */
	  /* (and re-parse this character) */
	  --(*offset);
	  goto envsubst;

	case ':':
	  if (!*env)
	    {
	      free (env);
	      free (pattern);
	      return WRDE_SYNTAX;
	    }

	  if (action || prefix || suffix)
	    {
	      pattern = w_addchar (pattern, &pat_length, &pat_maxlen,
				   words[*offset]);
	      if (pattern == NULL)
		goto no_space;

	      break;
	    }

	  if ((words[1 + *offset] == '-') || (words[1 + *offset] == '=') ||
	      (words[1 + *offset] == '?') || (words[1 + *offset] == '+'))
	    {
	      colon_seen = 1;
	      break;
	    }

	  free (env);
	  free (pattern);
	  return WRDE_SYNTAX;

	case '-':
	case '=':
	case '?':
	case '+':
	  if (!*env)
	    {
	      free (env);
	      free (pattern);
	      return WRDE_SYNTAX;
	    }

	  if (action || prefix || suffix)
	    {
	      pattern = w_addchar (pattern, &pat_length, &pat_maxlen,
				   words[*offset]);
	      if (pattern == NULL)
		{
		  free (env);
		  return WRDE_NOSPACE;
		}

	      break;
	    }

	  action = words[*offset];
	  break;

	case '\\':
	  if (action || prefix || suffix)
	    {
	      error = parse_qtd_backslash (word, word_length, max_length,
					   words, offset);
	      if (error == 0)
		break;
	    }
	  else
	    {
	      error = WRDE_SYNTAX;
	    }

	  free (env);
	  free (pattern);
	  return error;

	default:
	  if (action || prefix || suffix)
	    {
	      pattern = w_addchar (pattern, &pat_length, &pat_maxlen,
				   words[*offset]);
	      if (pattern == NULL)
		goto no_space;

	      break;
	    }

	  if ((words[start] == '{') || isalpha (words[*offset]))
	    {
	      env = w_addchar (env, &env_length, &env_maxlen, words[*offset]);
	      if (env == NULL)
		goto no_space;

	      break;
	    }

	  --(*offset);
	  goto envsubst;
	}
    }

  /* End of input string */
  --(*offset);

envsubst:
  if (words[start] == '{' && words[*offset] != '}')
    {
      free (env);
      free (pattern);
      return WRDE_SYNTAX;
    }

  if (!env || !*env)
    {
      *offset = start - 1;
      *word = w_addchar (*word, word_length, max_length, '$');
      free (env);
      free (pattern);
      return *word ? 0 : WRDE_NOSPACE;
    }

  value = getenv (env);

  if (action || prefix || suffix)
    {
      switch (action)
	{
	case 0:
	  /* For the time being, pattern is ignored */
	  printf ("Pattern: %s\nPrefix: %d\nSuffix: %d\n", pattern, prefix, suffix);
	  break;

	case '?':
	  if (value && *value)
	    break;

	  if (!colon_seen && value)
	    {
	      /* Substitute NULL */
	      free (env);
	      free (pattern);
	      return 0;
	    }

	  /* Error - exit */
	  fprintf (stderr, "%s: ", env);

	  if (*pattern)
	    {
	      /* Expand 'pattern' and write it to stderr */
	      wordexp_t	we;

	      error = wordexp (pattern, &we, flags);

	      if (error == 0)
		{
		  int i;

		  for (i = 0; i < we.we_wordc; ++i)
		    {
		      fprintf (stderr, "%s%s", i ? " " : "", we.we_wordv[i]);
		    }

		  fprintf (stderr, "\n");
		  error = WRDE_BADVAL;
		}

	      wordfree (&we);
	      free (env);
	      free (pattern);
	      return error;
	    }

	  fprintf (stderr, "parameter null or not set\n");
	  free (env);
	  free (pattern);
	  return WRDE_BADVAL;

	default:
	  printf ("warning: parameter substitution does not yet support \"%s%c\"\n", colon_seen?":":"", action);
	}
    }

  free (env);
  free (pattern);

  if (value == NULL)
    {
      /* Variable not defined */
      if (flags & WRDE_UNDEF)
	return WRDE_SYNTAX;

      return 0;
    }

  if (pwordexp == NULL)
    /* Quoted - no field split */
    *word = w_addstr (*word, word_length, max_length, value);
  else
    /* Should field-split here - FIX */
    *word = w_addstr (*word, word_length, max_length, value);

  return *word ? 0 : WRDE_NOSPACE;

no_space:
  if (env)
    free (env);

  if (pattern)
    free (pattern);

  return WRDE_NOSPACE;
}

static int
parse_dollars (char **word, size_t *word_length, size_t *max_length,
	       const char *words, size_t *offset, int flags,
	       wordexp_t *pwordexp)
{
  /* We are poised _at_ "$" */
  switch (words[1 + *offset])
    {
    case '"':
    case '\'':
    case 0:
      *word = w_addchar (*word, word_length, max_length, '$');
      return *word ? 0 : WRDE_NOSPACE;

    case '(':
      if (words[2 + *offset] == '(')
	{
	  (*offset) += 3;
	  /* Call parse_arith -- 0 is for "no brackets" */
	  return parse_arith (word, word_length, max_length, words, offset,
			      flags, 0);
	}

      if (flags & WRDE_NOCMD)
	return WRDE_CMDSUB;

      (*offset) += 2;
      return parse_comm (word, word_length, max_length, words, offset, flags,
			 pwordexp);

    case '[':
      (*offset) += 2;
      /* Call parse_arith -- 1 is for "brackets" */
      return parse_arith (word, word_length, max_length, words, offset, flags,
			  1);

    case '{':
    default:
      ++(*offset);	/* parse_param needs to know if "{" is there */
      return parse_param (word, word_length, max_length, words, offset, flags,
			  pwordexp);
    }
}

static int
parse_backtick (char **word, size_t *word_length, size_t *max_length,
		const char *words, size_t *offset, int flags,
		wordexp_t *pwordexp)
{
  /* We are poised just after "`" */
  int error;
  size_t comm_length = 0;
  size_t comm_maxlen = 0;
  char *comm = NULL;
  int squoting = 0;

  for (; words[*offset]; ++(*offset))
    {
      switch (words[*offset])
	{
	case '`':
	  /* Go -- give the script to the shell */
	  error = exec_comm (comm, word, word_length, max_length, flags,
			     pwordexp);
	  free (comm);
	  return error;

	case '\\':
	  if (squoting)
	    {
	      error = parse_qtd_backslash (&comm, &comm_length, &comm_maxlen,
					   words, offset);

	      if (error)
		{
		  free (comm);
		  return error;
		}

	      break;
	    }

	  ++(*offset);
	  error = parse_backslash (&comm, &comm_length, &comm_maxlen, words,
				   offset);

	  if (error)
	    {
	      free (comm);
	      return error;
	    }

	  break;

	case '\'':
	  squoting = 1 - squoting;
	default:
	  comm = w_addchar (comm, &comm_length, &comm_maxlen, words[*offset]);
	  if (comm == NULL)
	    return WRDE_NOSPACE;
	}
    }

  /* Premature end */
  free (comm);
  return WRDE_SYNTAX;
}

static int
parse_dquote (char **word, size_t *word_length, size_t *max_length,
	      const char *words, size_t *offset, int flags)
{
  /* We are poised just after a double-quote */
  int error;

  for (; words[*offset]; ++(*offset))
    {
      switch (words[*offset])
	{
	case '"':
	  return 0;

	case '$':
	  error = parse_dollars (word, word_length, max_length, words, offset,
				 flags, NULL);
	  /* The NULL here is to tell parse_dollars not to
	   * split the fields.
	   */
	  if (error)
	    return error;

	  break;

	case '`':
	  if (flags & WRDE_NOCMD)
	    return WRDE_CMDSUB;

	  ++(*offset);
	  error = parse_backtick (word, word_length, max_length, words,
				  offset, flags, NULL);
	  /* The NULL here is to tell parse_backtick not to
	   * split the fields.
	   */
	  if (error)
	    return error;

	  break;

	case '\\':
	  error = parse_qtd_backslash (word, word_length, max_length, words,
				       offset);

	  if (error)
	    return error;

	  break;

	default:
	  *word = w_addchar (*word, word_length, max_length, words[*offset]);
	  if (*word == NULL)
	    return WRDE_NOSPACE;
	}
    }

  /* Unterminated string */
  return WRDE_SYNTAX;
}

/*
 * wordfree() is to be called after pwordexp is finished with.
 */

void
wordfree (wordexp_t *pwordexp)
{

  /* wordexp can set pwordexp to NULL */
  if (pwordexp && pwordexp->we_wordv)
    {
      char **wordv = pwordexp->we_wordv;

      for (wordv += pwordexp->we_offs; *wordv; ++wordv)
	free (*wordv);

      free (pwordexp->we_wordv);
      pwordexp->we_wordv = NULL;
    }
}

/*
 * wordexp()
 */

int
wordexp (const char *words, wordexp_t *pwordexp, int flags)
{
  size_t wordv_offset;
  size_t words_offset;
  size_t word_length = 0;
  size_t max_length = 0;
  char *word = NULL;
  int error;
  char *ifs;
  char ifs_white[4];
  char **old_wordv = pwordexp->we_wordv;
  size_t old_wordc = pwordexp->we_wordc;

  if (flags & WRDE_REUSE)
    /* Minimal implementation of WRDE_REUSE for now */
    wordfree (pwordexp);

  if (flags & WRDE_DOOFFS)
    {
      pwordexp->we_wordv = calloc (1 + pwordexp->we_offs, sizeof (char *));
      if (pwordexp->we_wordv == NULL)
	return WRDE_NOSPACE;
    }
  else
    {
      pwordexp->we_wordv = calloc (1, sizeof (char *));
      if (pwordexp->we_wordv == NULL)
	return WRDE_NOSPACE;

      pwordexp->we_offs = 0;
    }

  if ((flags & WRDE_APPEND) == 0)
    pwordexp->we_wordc = 0;

  wordv_offset = pwordexp->we_offs + pwordexp->we_wordc;

  /* Find out what the field separators are.
   * There are two types: whitespace and non-whitespace.
   */
  ifs = getenv ("IFS");

  if (!ifs)
    ifs = strcpy (ifs_white, " \t\n");
  else
    {
      char *ifsch = ifs;
      char *whch = ifs_white;

      while (*ifsch != '\0')
	if ((*ifsch == ' ') || (*ifsch == '\t') || (*ifsch == '\n'))
	  {
	    /* White space IFS.  See first whether it is already in our
	       collection.  */
	    char *runp = ifs_white;

	    while (runp < whch && *runp != '\0' && *runp != *ifsch)
	      ++runp;

	    if (runp == whch)
	      *whch++ = *ifsch;
	  }
      *whch = '\0';
    }

  for (words_offset = 0 ; words[words_offset] ; ++words_offset)
    switch (words[words_offset])
      {
      case '\n':
      case '|':
      case '&':
      case ';':
      case '<':
      case '>':
      case '(':
      case ')':
      case '}':
	/* Fail */
	wordfree (pwordexp);
	pwordexp->we_wordc = 0;
	pwordexp->we_wordv = old_wordv;
	return WRDE_BADCHAR;

      case '\\':
	error = parse_backslash (&word, &word_length, &max_length, words,
				 &words_offset);

	if (error)
	  goto do_error;

	break;

      case '$':
	error = parse_dollars (&word, &word_length, &max_length, words,
			       &words_offset, flags, pwordexp);

	if (error)
	  goto do_error;

	break;

      case '`':
	if (flags & WRDE_NOCMD)
	  return WRDE_CMDSUB;

	++words_offset;
	error = parse_backtick (&word, &word_length, &max_length, words,
				&words_offset, flags, pwordexp);

	if (error)
	  goto do_error;

	break;

      case '"':
	++words_offset;
	error = parse_dquote (&word, &word_length, &max_length, words,
			      &words_offset, flags);

	if (error)
	  goto do_error;

	break;

      case '\'':
	++words_offset;
	error = parse_squote (&word, &word_length, &max_length, words,
			      &words_offset);

	if (error)
	  goto do_error;

	break;

      case '~':
	error = parse_tilde (&word, &word_length, &max_length, words,
			     &words_offset, pwordexp->we_wordc);

	if (error)
	  goto do_error;

	break;

      case '*':
      case '{':
	error = parse_glob (&word, &word_length, &max_length, words,
			    &words_offset, flags, pwordexp, ifs);

	if (error)
	  goto do_error;

	break;

      default:
	/* Is it a field separator? */
	if (strchr (ifs, words[words_offset]) == NULL)
	  {
	    /* "Ordinary" character -- add it to word */

	    word = w_addchar (word, &word_length, &max_length,
			      words[words_offset]);
	    if (word == NULL)
	      {
		error = WRDE_NOSPACE;
		goto do_error;
	      }

	    break;
	  }

	/* Field separator */
	if (strchr (ifs_white, words[words_offset]))
	  {
	    /* It's a whitespace IFS char.  Ignore it at the beginning
	       of a line and ignore multiple instances.  */
	    if (!word || !*word)
	      break;

	    if (w_addword (pwordexp, word) == WRDE_NOSPACE)
	      {
		error = WRDE_NOSPACE;
		goto do_error;
	      }

	    word = NULL;
	    word_length = 0;
	    break;
	  }

	/* It's a non-whitespace IFS char */

	/* Multiple non-whitespace IFS chars are treated as one;
	 * IS THIS CORRECT?
	 */
	if (word != NULL)
	  {
	    if (w_addword (pwordexp, word) == WRDE_NOSPACE)
	      {
		error = WRDE_NOSPACE;
		goto do_error;
	      }
	  }

	word = NULL;
	word_length = 0;
	max_length = 0;
      }

  /* End of string */

  /* There was a field separator at the end */
  if (word == NULL)
    return 0;

  /* There was no field separator at the end */
  return w_addword (pwordexp, word);

do_error:
  /* Error:
	free memory used, set we_wordc and wd_wordv back to what they were.
   */
  if (word != NULL)
    free (word);

  wordfree (pwordexp);
  pwordexp->we_wordv = old_wordv;
  pwordexp->we_wordc = old_wordc;
  return error;
}