diff options
Diffstat (limited to 'time/europe')
| -rw-r--r-- | time/europe | 225 |
1 files changed, 166 insertions, 59 deletions
diff --git a/time/europe b/time/europe index abeba98386..6eb92b769d 100644 --- a/time/europe +++ b/time/europe @@ -1,14 +1,22 @@ -# @(#)europe 7.40 +# @(#)europe 7.41 # This data is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better, # go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to # tz@elsie.nci.nih.gov for general use in the future). -# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (1996-09-03): +# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (1996-11-22): # A good source for time zone historical data outside the U.S. is # Thomas G. Shanks, The International Atlas (3rd edition), # San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (1991). -# Except where otherwise noted, it is the source for the data below. +# +# Gwillim Law <LAW@encmail.encompass.com> writes that a good source +# for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport +# Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM), +# published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries +# of the IATA's data after 1990. +# +# Except where otherwise noted, Shanks is the source for entries through 1990, +# and IATA SSIM is the source for entries after 1990. # # Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences, # Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which @@ -27,6 +35,7 @@ # 0:00 WET WEST Western Europe # 1:00 CET CEST Central Europe # 2:00 EET EEST Eastern Europe +# 3:00 MSK MSD Moscow # # See the `africa' file for time zone naming and abbreviation conventions. # @@ -826,6 +835,14 @@ Rule C-Eur 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 - Rule C-Eur 1981 max - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S Rule C-Eur 1996 max - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0 - +# E-Eur differs from EU only in that E-Eur switches at midnight local time. +Rule E-Eur 1977 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S +Rule E-Eur 1977 only - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - +Rule E-Eur 1978 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - +Rule E-Eur 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - +Rule E-Eur 1981 max - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 S +Rule E-Eur 1996 max - Oct lastSun 0:00 0 - + # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S Rule Russia 1917 only - Jul 1 23:00 1:00 MST # Moscow Summer Time Rule Russia 1917 only - Dec 28 0:00 0 MMT # Moscow Mean Time @@ -836,15 +853,20 @@ Rule Russia 1919 only - Jul 1 2:00 1:00 S Rule Russia 1919 only - Aug 16 0:00 0 - Rule Russia 1921 only - Feb 14 23:00 1:00 S # Shanks gives 1921 Mar 21 for the following transition. -# From Andrew A. Chernov <ache@astral.msk.su> (1993-11-12): +# From Andrey A. Chernov <ache@astral.msk.su> (1993-11-12): # My sources says, that it is Mar 20, not 21. Rule Russia 1921 only - Mar 20 23:00 2:00 DS Rule Russia 1921 only - Sep 1 0:00 1:00 S Rule Russia 1921 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - Rule Russia 1981 1984 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S Rule Russia 1981 1983 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - -Rule Russia 1984 max - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 - -Rule Russia 1985 max - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S +Rule Russia 1984 1991 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 - +Rule Russia 1985 1991 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S +Rule Russia 1992 only - Mar lastSat 23:00 1:00 S +Rule Russia 1992 only - Sep lastSat 23:00 0 - +Rule Russia 1993 max - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S +Rule Russia 1993 1995 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 - +Rule Russia 1996 max - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0 - # These are for backward compatibility with older versions. @@ -913,7 +935,8 @@ Rule Albania 1984 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - Zone Europe/Tirane 1:19:20 - LMT 1914 1:00 - CET 1940 Jun 16 1:00 Albania CE%sT 1985 Mar 31 1:00 - 1:00 W-Eur CE%sT + 1:00 W-Eur CE%sT 1991 + 1:00 EU CE%sT # Andorra # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] @@ -944,11 +967,13 @@ Zone Europe/Vienna 1:05:20 - LMT 1893 Apr # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Europe/Minsk 1:50:16 - LMT 1880 2:30:20 Russia %s 1919 Jul 1 2:00 - 3:00 Russia MOS%sT 1922 Oct # Moscow Time + 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1922 Oct 2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21 - 3:00 Russia MOS%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s + 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 2:00 1:00 EEST 1991 Sep 29 2:00s - 2:00 C-Eur EE%sT + 2:00 - EET 1992 Mar 29 0:00 + 2:00 1:00 EEST 1992 Sep 27 0:00 + 2:00 Russia EE%sT # Belgium # Whitman and Shanks disagree; go with Shanks, usually. @@ -1021,7 +1046,8 @@ Zone Europe/Sofia 1:33:16 - LMT 1880 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 3:00 2:00 - EET 1979 Mar 31 23:00 2:00 Bulg EE%sT 1982 Sep 26 2:00 - 2:00 C-Eur EE%sT + 2:00 C-Eur EE%sT 1991 + 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT # Croatia # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] @@ -1077,30 +1103,54 @@ Zone Europe/Copenhagen 0:50:20 - LMT 1890 Zone Atlantic/Faeroe -0:27:04 - LMT 1908 Jan 11 # Torshavn 0:00 - WET 1981 0:00 EU WE%sT -Zone America/Scoresbysund -1:29:00 - LMT 1916 Jul 28 +# +# From Paul Eggert (1996-11-22): +# Greenland joined the EU as part of Denmark, obtained home rule on 1979-05-01, +# and left the EU on 1985-02-01. It therefore should have been using EU +# rules at least through 1984. Shanks says Scoresbysund and Godthab +# used C-Eur rules after 1980, but IATA SSIM (1991/1996) says they use EU +# rules since at least 1991. Assume EU rules since 1980. + +# +# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S +Rule Thule 1993 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D +Rule Thule 1993 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S +# +# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +Zone America/Scoresbysund -1:29:00 - LMT 1916 Jul 28 # Ittoqqortoormit -2:00 - CGT 1980 Apr 6 2:00 -2:00 C-Eur CG%sT 1981 Mar 29 - -1:00 C-Eur EG%sT -Zone America/Godthab -3:26:56 - LMT 1916 Jul 28 + -1:00 EU EG%sT +Zone America/Godthab -3:26:56 - LMT 1916 Jul 28 # Nuuk -3:00 - WGT 1980 Apr 6 2:00 - -3:00 C-Eur WG%sT -Zone America/Thule -4:35:08 - LMT 1916 Jul 28 - -4:00 - AST + -3:00 EU WG%sT +Zone America/Thule -4:35:08 - LMT 1916 Jul 28 # Pituffik + -4:00 Thule A%sT # Estonia # From Peter Ilieve <peter@memex.co.uk> (1994-10-15): # A relative in Tallinn confirms the accuracy of the data for 1989 onwards # [through 1994] and gives the legal authority for it, # a regulation of the Government of Estonia, No. 111 of 1989.... +# +# From Peter Ilieve <peter@aldie.co.uk> (1996-10-28): +# [IATA SSIM (1992/1996) claims that the Baltic republics switch at 01:00s, +# but a relative confirms that Estonia still switches at 02:00s, writing:] +# ``I do not [know] exactly but there are some little different +# (confusing) rules for International Air and Railway Transport Schedules +# conversion in Sunday connected with end of summer time in Estonia.... +# A discussion is running about the summer time efficiency and effect on +# human physiology. It seems that Estonia maybe will not change to +# summer time next spring.'' # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Europe/Tallinn 1:39:00 - LMT 1880 1:39:00 - TMT 1918 Feb # Tallinn Mean Time 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1919 Jul 1:39:00 - TMT 1921 May 2:00 - EET 1940 Aug 6 - 3:00 - MOST 1941 Sep 15 # Moscow Time + 3:00 - MSK 1941 Sep 15 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Sep 22 - 3:00 Russia MOS%sT 1989 Mar 26 2:00s + 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1989 Mar 26 2:00s 2:00 1:00 EEST 1989 Sep 24 2:00s 2:00 C-Eur EE%sT @@ -1418,6 +1468,14 @@ Link Europe/Rome Europe/Vatican Link Europe/Rome Europe/San_Marino # Latvia +# From Paul Eggert (1996-11-22): +# Rules after 1991 are by extension from Shanks. They contradict +# IATA SSIM (1992/1996), which claims Latvia uses W-Eur rules, but +# Peter Ilieve's relative writes that Latvia switched in September this year, +# so we'll assume that the old C-Eur-style rules still apply. +# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S +Rule Latvia 1992 max - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S +Rule Latvia 1992 max - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 - # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Europe/Riga 1:36:24 - LMT 1880 1:36:24 - RMT 1918 Apr 15 2:00 #Riga Mean Time @@ -1426,11 +1484,11 @@ Zone Europe/Riga 1:36:24 - LMT 1880 1:36:24 1:00 LST 1919 May 22 3:00 1:36:24 - RMT 1926 May 11 2:00 - EET 1940 Aug 5 - 3:00 - MOST 1941 Jul # Moscow Time + 3:00 - MSK 1941 Jul 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Aug 8 - 3:00 Russia MOS%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s + 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 2:00 1:00 EEST 1991 Sep 29 2:00s - 2:00 C-Eur EE%sT + 2:00 Latvia EE%sT # Liechtenstein # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] @@ -1446,11 +1504,14 @@ Zone Europe/Vilnius 1:41:16 - LMT 1880 1:00 - CET 1920 Jul 12 2:00 - EET 1920 Oct 9 1:00 - CET 1940 Aug 3 - 3:00 - MOST 1941 Jun 24 # Moscow Time + 3:00 - MSK 1941 Jun 24 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Aug - 3:00 Russia MOS%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s + 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 2:00 1:00 EEST 1991 Sep 29 2:00s 2:00 C-Eur EE%sT +# From Paul Eggert (1996-11-22): +# IATA SSIM (1992/1996) says Lithuania uses W-Eur rules, but since it is +# known to be wrong about Estonia and Latvia, assume it's wrong here too. # Luxembourg # Whitman disagrees with most of these dates in minor ways; go with Shanks. @@ -1517,9 +1578,9 @@ Zone Europe/Malta 0:58:04 - LMT 1893 Nov 2 # Valletta # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Europe/Chisinau 1:55:20 - LMT 1924 May 2 2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21 - 3:00 Russia MOS%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s # Moscow Time + 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 2:00 1:00 EEST 1991 Sep 29 2:00s - 2:00 C-Eur EE%sT + 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT # Monaco # Shanks gives 0:09 for Paris Mean Time; go with Howse's more precise 0:09:21. @@ -1631,9 +1692,30 @@ Zone Europe/Warsaw 1:24:00 - LMT 1880 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Oct 1:00 Poland CE%sT 1977 Apr 3 1:00 1:00 W-Eur CE%sT +# IATA SSIM (1991/1996) gives EU rules, but the _The Warsaw Voice_ +# <URL:http://www.contact.waw.pl/voice/v361/NewsInBrief.shtml> +# (1995-09-24) says the autumn 1995 switch was at 02:00. +# Stick with W-Eur for now. # Portugal # Gregorian calendar adopted 1582-10-15. +# +# From Rui Pedro Salgueiro <rps@inescca.inescc.pt> (1992-11-12): +# Portugal has recently (September, 27) changed timezone +# (from WET to MET or CET) to harmonize with EEC. +# +# Martin Bruckmann <martin@ua.pt> (1996-02-29) reports via Peter Ilieve +# that Portugal is reverting to 0:00 by not moving its clocks this spring. +# The new Prime Minister was fed up with getting up in the dark in the winter. +# +# From Paul Eggert (1996-11-12): +# IATA SSIM (1991-09) reports several 1991-09 and 1992-09 transitions +# at 02:00u, not 01:00u. Assume that these are typos. +# IATA SSIM (1991/1992) reports that the Azores were at -1:00. +# IATA SSIM (1993-02) says +0:00; later issues (through 1996-09) say -1:00. +# Guess that the Azores changed to EU rules in 1992 (since that's when Portugal +# harmonized with the EU), and that they stayed +0:00 that winter. +# # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S Rule Port 1916 only - Jun 17 23:00 1:00 S # Whitman gives 1916 Oct 31; go with Shanks. @@ -1701,23 +1783,16 @@ Zone Europe/Lisbon -0:36:32 - LMT 1884 0:00 Port WE%sT 1966 Apr 3 2:00 1:00 - CET 1976 Sep 26 1:00 0:00 Port WE%sT 1983 Sep 25 1:00s -# From Rui Pedro Salgueiro <rps@inescca.inescc.pt> (1992-11-12): -# Portugal has recently (September, 27) changed timezone -# (from WET to MET or CET) to harmonize with EEC. - 0:00 EU WE%sT 1992 Sep 27 1:00s -# Martin Bruckmann <martin@ua.pt> (1996-02-29) reports via Peter Ilieve -# that Portugal is reverting to 0:00 by not moving its clocks this spring. -# The new Prime Minister was fed up with getting up in the dark in the winter. + 0:00 W-Eur WE%sT 1992 Sep 27 1:00s 1:00 EU CE%sT 1996 Mar 31 1:00u 0:00 EU WE%sT -# We don't know what happened to Madeira or the Azores, -# so we'll just use Shanks for now. -# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Atlantic/Azores -1:42:40 - LMT 1884 # Ponta Delgada -1:55 - HMT 1911 May 24 # Horta Mean Time -2:00 Port AZO%sT 1966 Apr 3 2:00 # Azores Time -1:00 Port AZO%sT 1983 Sep 25 1:00s - -1:00 W-Eur AZO%sT + -1:00 W-Eur AZO%sT 1992 Sep 27 1:00s + 0:00 EU WE%sT 1993 Mar 28 1:00u + -1:00 EU AZO%sT Zone Atlantic/Madeira -1:07:36 - LMT 1884 # Funchal -1:08 - FMT 1911 May 24 # Funchal Mean Time -1:00 Port MAD%sT 1966 Apr 3 2:00 # Madeira Time @@ -1733,38 +1808,62 @@ Rule Romania 1979 only - May 27 0:00 1:00 S Rule Romania 1979 only - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - Rule Romania 1980 only - Apr 5 23:00 1:00 S Rule Romania 1980 only - Sep lastSun 1:00 0 - +Rule Romania 1991 1993 - Mar lastSun 0:00s 1:00 S +Rule Romania 1991 1993 - Sep lastSun 0:00s 0 - # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Europe/Bucharest 1:44:24 - LMT 1891 Oct 1:44:24 - BMT 1931 Jul 24 # Bucharest MT 2:00 Romania EE%sT 1981 Mar 29 2:00s - 2:00 C-Eur EE%sT + 2:00 C-Eur EE%sT 1991 + 2:00 Romania EE%sT 1994 + 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT # Russia # From Shanks (1991): # In 1929 the Soviet Union instituted a 5 day week; in 1932 it instituted # a 6 day week; on 1940-06-27 it returned to the Gregorian week. # -# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (1996-09-03): -# Moscow rules after 1991 are from Andrew A. Chernov <ache@astral.msk.su>. -# I invented the time zone names, and (unless otherwise specified) -# guessed what happened after 1991; the clocks were chaotic, and we know little. -# The rest is from Shanks. +# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (1996-11-22): +# Except for Moscow after 1919-07-01, I invented the time zone abbreviations, +# and (unless otherwise specified) guessed what happened after 1991. +# Moscow time zone abbreviations after 1919-07-01, and Moscow rules after 1991, +# are from Andrey A. Chernov. The rest is from Shanks and the IATA. +# +# From Andrey A. Chernov <ache@nagual.ru> (1996-10-04): +# `MSK' and `MSD' were born and used initially on Moscow computers with +# Unix-like OSes by several developer groups (e.g. Demos group, Kiae group).... +# The next step was the UUCP network, the Relcom predecessor +# (used mainly for mail), and MSK/MSD was actively used there. +# +# From Chris Carrier <72157.3334@CompuServe.COM> (1996-10-30): +# According to a friend of mine who rode the Trans-Siberian Railroad from +# Moscow to Irkutsk in 1995, public air and rail transport in Russia ... +# still follows Moscow time, no matter where in Russia it is located. # # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +Zone Europe/Kaliningrad 1:22:00 - LMT 1893 Apr + 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 + 2:00 Poland CET 1946 + 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1991 Mar 31 2:00s + 2:00 1:00 EEST 1991 Sep 29 2:00s + 2:00 - EET 1992 Jan 19 2:00s + 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1994 +# IATA SSIM (1994-02) says Kaliningrad is at UTC+2; guess 1994 change. + 2:00 Russia EE%sT Zone Europe/Moscow 2:30:20 - LMT 1880 2:30:20 Russia %s 1919 Jul 1 2:00 - 3:00 Russia MOS%sT 1922 Oct # Moscow TIme + 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1922 Oct 2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21 - 3:00 Russia MOS%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s + 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 2:00 1:00 EEST 1991 Sep 29 2:00s 2:00 - EET 1992 Jan 19 2:00s - 3:00 Russia MOS%sT -Zone Europe/Kuybyshev 3:20:36 - LMT 1924 May 2 + 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD +Zone Europe/Samara 3:20:36 - LMT 1924 May 2 3:00 - KUYT 1957 Mar # Kuybyshev Time 4:00 Russia KUY%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 3:00 1:00 KUYST 1991 Sep 29 2:00s - 3:00 - KUYT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s - 4:00 Russia KUY%sT + 3:00 - SAMT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s # Samara Time + 4:00 Russia SAM%sT Zone Asia/Yekaterinburg 4:02:34 - LMT 1924 May 2 4:00 - SVET 1957 Mar # Sverdlovsk Time 5:00 Russia SVE%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s @@ -1916,6 +2015,8 @@ Zone Atlantic/Canary -1:01:36 - LMT 1922 Mar # Las Palmas de Gran C. 0:00 - WET 1980 Apr 6 0:00s 0:00 1:00 WEST 1980 Sep 28 0:00s 0:00 EU WE%sT +# IATA SSIM (1996-09) says the Canaries switch at 2:00u, not 1:00u. +# Ignore this for now, as the Canaries are part of the EU. # Sweden @@ -2026,7 +2127,8 @@ Zone Europe/Istanbul 1:55:52 - LMT 1880 2:00 Turkey EE%sT 1978 Oct 15 3:00 Turkey TR%sT 1985 Apr 20 # Turkey Time 2:00 Turkey EE%sT 1986 - 2:00 C-Eur EE%sT + 2:00 C-Eur EE%sT 1991 + 2:00 EU EE%sT Link Europe/Istanbul Asia/Istanbul # Istanbul is in both continents. # Ukraine @@ -2053,23 +2155,28 @@ Rule Crimea 1921 only - Feb 14 23:00 1:00 CST Rule Crimea 1921 only - Mar 21 23:00 2:00 CDST Rule Crimea 1921 only - Sep 1 0:00 1:00 CST Rule Crimea 1921 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 NMT +Rule Crimea 1996 max - Mar lastSun 0:00u 1:00 - +Rule Crimea 1996 max - Oct lastSun 0:00u 0 - # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Europe/Kiev 2:02:04 - LMT 1880 2:02:04 Ukraine %s 1924 May 2 2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21 - 3:00 Russia MOS%sT 1990 Jul 17 # Moscow Time - 2:00 C-Eur EE%sT + 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1990 Jul 17 + 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1996 + 2:00 EU EE%sT Zone Europe/Simferopol 2:16:24 - LMT 1880 2:08:00 Crimea %s 1924 May 2 2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21 - 3:00 Russia MOS%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s + 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 2:00 1:00 EEST 1991 Sep 29 2:00s -# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (1994-05-28): -# Today's _Economist_ (p 45) reports that Crimea switched -# from Kiev to Moscow time sometime after the January elections. -# For now, we'll guess that there was a 2-hour leap forward on March 27. - 2:00 C-Eur EE%sT 1994 Mar 27 2:00s - 3:00 Russia MOS%sT +# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (1996-10-21): +# The _Economist_ (1994-05-28, p 45) reports that most of Crimea switched +# from Kiev to Moscow time sometime after the January 1994 elections. +# For now, guess it changed Feb 1. + 2:00 C-Eur EE%sT 1994 Feb +# From IATA SSIM (1994/1996), which also says that Kerch is still like Kiev. + 3:00 E-Eur MSK/MSD 1996 + 3:00 Crimea MSK/MSD # Yugoslavia # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] |