summary refs log tree commit diff
path: root/README.md
blob: d641bf999e303e44ac6b62fa1ab4fb9c75facd27 (plain) (blame)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
209
210
211
212
213
214
215
216
217
218
219
220
221
222
223
224
225
226
227
228
229
230
231
232
233
234
235
236
237
238
239
240
241
242
243
244
245
246
247
248
249
250
251
252
253
254
255
256
257
258
259
260
261
262
263
264
265
266
267
268
269
270
271
272
273
274
275
276
277
278
279
280
281
282
283
284
285
286
287
288
289
290
291
292
293
294
295
296
297
298
299
300
301
302
303
304
305
306
307
308
309
310
311
312
313
314
## lr: list files, recursively

`lr` is a new tool for generating file listings, which includes the
best features of `ls(1)`, `find(1)`, `stat(1)` and `du(1)`.

`lr` has been tested on Linux 4.1, FreeBSD 10.2, OpenBSD 5.7,
NetBSD 5.2.3, DragonFlyBSD 5.0, Mac OS X 10.10, OmniOS 5.11 and Cygwin 1.7.32.
It will likely work on other Unix-like systems with C99, but you'll
need to port `scan_filesystems` for `fstype` to work.

## Screenshot

![Screenshot of lr -AFGl -ovh](lr.png)

## Benefits

Over find:
* friendly and logical C-style filter syntax
* getopt is used, can mix filters and arguments in any order
* can sort
* compute directory sizes
* can strip leading `./`

Over ls:
* sorts over all files, not per directory
* copy & paste file names from the output since they are relative to pwd
* ISO dates
* powerful filters

## Rosetta stone

* `ls`: `lr -1 | column`
* `find .`: `lr` (or `lr -U` for speed.)
* `ls -l`: `lr -1l`
* `ls -ltrc`: `lr -l1Aoc`
* `find . -name '*.c'`: `lr -t 'name ~~ "*.c"'`
* `find . -regex '.*c'`: `lr -t 'path =~ "c$"'`
* `find -L /proc/*/fd -maxdepth 1 -type f -links 0 -printf '%b %p\n'`:
`lr -UL1 -t 'type == f && links == 0' -f '%b %p\n' /proc/*/fd`
* `find "${@:-.}" -name HEAD -execdir sh -c 'git rev-parse --resolve-git-dir . >/dev/null 2>/dev/null && pwd' ';'`: `lr -0U -t 'name == "HEAD"' "$@" | xe -0 -s 'cd ${1%/*} && git rev-parse --resolve-git-dir . >/dev/null && pwd; true' 2>/dev/null`
* Filter list of files for existence: `xe lr -dQU <list`
* replacement for who(1): `lr -om -t 'name =~ "[0-9][0-9]*$" && uid != 0' -f '%u\t%p\t%CY-%Cm-%Cd %CH:%CM\n' /dev/pts /dev/tty*`
* Find files with setuid or setgid: `lr -t 'mode | 06000' /usr/bin` or `lr -t 'mode = "u+s" || mode = "g+s"' /usr/bin`
* Find files with non-umask permissions: `lr -t '!(mode = "=rw,+X")' -l`
* Find broken symlinks: `lr -L -t 'type = l'`

## Usage:

	lr [-0|-F|-l [-TA|-TC|-TM]|-S|-f FMT] [-D] [-H|-L] [-1AGQXdhsx] [-U|-o ORD] [-e REGEX]* [-t TEST]* PATH...

The special path argument `-` makes `lr` read file names from standard
input, instead of traversing path.

* `-0`: output filenames separated by NUL bytes.
  Likewise, read input filenames separated by NUL bytes.
* `-F`: output filenames and an indicator of their file type (`*/=>@|`).
* `-l`: long output a la `ls -l` (implies `-Q`).
* `-TA`: with `-l`, output atime.
* `-TC`: with `-l`, output ctime.
* `-TM`: with `-l`, output mtime (default).
* `-S`: BSD stat(1)-inspired output (implies `-Q`).
* `-f FMT`: custom formatting, see below.
* `-D`: depth first traversal. `prune` does not work, but `entries`
  and `total` are computed on the fly.
* `-H`: only follow symlinks on command line.
* `-L`: follow all symlinks.
* `-1`: don't go below one level of directories.
* `-A`: don't list files starting with a dot.
* `-G`: colorize output to tty.  Use twice to force colorize.
* `-X`: print OSC 8 hyperlinks to tty.  Use twice to force.
* `-Q`: shell quote file names (default for output to TTY).
* `-d`: don't enter directories.
* `-h`: print human readable size for `-l` (also `%s`).
* `-s`: strip directory prefix passed on command line.
* `-x`: don't enter other filesystems.
* `-U`: don't sort results.
* `-o ORD`: sort according to the string `ORD`, see below.
* `-e REGEX`: only show files where basename matches `REGEX`.
* `-t TEST`: only show files matching all `TEST`s, see below.

## Output formatting:

* `\a`, `\b`, `\f`, `\n`, `\r`, `\v`, `\0` as in C.
* `%%`: plain `%`.
* `%s`: file size in bytes.
* `%S`: file size, with human readable unit.
* `%b`: file size in 512-byte blocks.
* `%k`: file size in 1024-byte blocks.
* `%d`: path depth.
* `%D`: device number (`stat.st_dev`).
* `%R`: device ID for special files (`stat.st_rdev`).
* `%i`: inode number.
* `%I`: one space character for every depth level.
* `%p`: full path (`%P` if `-s`).
* `%P`: full path without command line argument prefix.
* `%l`: symlink target.
* `%n`: number of hardlinks.
* `%F`: file indicator type symbol (`*/=>@|`).
* `%f`: file basename (everything after last `/`).
* `%A-`, `%C-`, `%T-`: relative age for atime/ctime/mtime.
* `%Ax`, `%Cx`, `%Tx`: result of `strftime` for `%x` on atime/ctime/mtime.
* `%m`: octal file permissions.
* `%M`: ls-style symbolic file permissions.
* `%y`: ls-style symbolic file type (`bcdfls`).
* `%g`: group name.
* `%G`: numeric gid.
* `%u`: user name.
* `%U`: numeric uid.
* `%e`: number of entries in directories.
* `%t`: total size used by accepted files in directories (only with `-D`).
* `%Y`: type of the filesystem the file resides on.
* `%x`: Linux-only: a combination of: `#` for files with security capabilities, `+` for files with an ACL, `@` for files with other extended attributes.

## Sort order

Sort order is string consisting of the following letters.
Uppercase letters reverse sorting.
E.g. `Sn` sorts first by size, smallest last, and then by name (in
case sizes are equal).

Default: `n`.

* `a`: atime.
* `c`: ctime.
* `d`: path depth.
* `e`: file extension.
* `i`: inode number.
* `m`: mtime.
* `n`: file name.
* `p`: directory name.
* `s`: file size.
* `t`: file type.  This sorts all directories before other files.
* `v`: file name as version numbers (sorts "2" before "10").

## Filter expressions

`lr` filters are given by the following EBNF:

	<expr>     ::= <expr> || <expr>  -- disjunction
	             | <expr> && <expr>  -- conjunction
	             | ! <expr>          -- negation
	             | ( <expr )
	             | <timeprop> <numop> <dur>
	             | <numprop> <numop> <num>
	             | <strprop> <strop> <str>
	             | <typetest>
	             | <modetest>
	             | prune             -- do not traverse into subdirectories
	             | print             -- always true value
	             | color <num>       -- always true value, override 256-color

        <timeprop> ::= atime | ctime | mtime
	
	<numprop>  ::= depth | dev | entries | gid | inode
	             | links | mode | rdev | size | total | uid
	
	<numop>    ::= <= | < | >= | > | == | = | !=

        <dur>      ::= "./path"          -- mtime of relative path
                     | "/path"           -- mtime of absolute path
                     | "YYYY-MM-DD HH:MM:SS"
                     | "YYYY-MM-DD"      -- at midnight
                     | "HH:MM:SS"        -- today
                     | "HH:MM"           -- today
                     | "-[0-9]+d"        -- n days ago at midnight
                     | "-[0-9]+h"        -- n hours before now
                     | "-[0-9]+m"        -- n minutes before now
                     | "-[0-9]+s"        -- n seconds before now
                     | [0-9]+            -- absolute epoch time
	
	<num>      ::= [0-9]+ ( c        -- *1
	                      | b        -- *512
	                      | k        -- *1024
	                      | M        -- *1024*1024
	                      | G        -- *1024*1024*1024
	                      | T )?     -- *1024*1024*1024*1024
	
	<strprop>  ::= fstype | group | name | path | target | user | xattr
	
	<strop>    ::= == | = | !=       -- string (in)equality
	             | ===    | !===     -- case insensitive string (in)equality
	             | ~~     | !~~      -- glob (fnmatch)
	             | ~~~    | !~~~     -- case insensitive glob (fnmatch)
	             | =~     | !=~ | !~ -- POSIX Extended Regular Expressions
	             | =~~    | !=~~     -- case insensitive POSIX Extended Regular Expressions
	
	<str>      ::= " ([^"] | "")+ "  -- use "" for a single " inside "
	             | $[A-Za-z0-9_]     -- environment variable

	<typetest> ::= type ( == | = | != ) ( b | c | d | p | f | l )

	<modetest> ::= mode ( == | =     -- exact permissions
	                    | &          -- check if all bits of <octal> set
	                    | |          -- check if any bit of <octal> set
	                    ) <octal>
	             | mode = "<chmod>"  -- check if symbolic mode is satisfied
	
	<octal> ::= [0-7]+

	<chmod> ::= <clause> (, <clause>)+

	<clause> ::= [guoa]* [+-=] [rwxXstugo]*  -- see chmod(1)

## EWONTFIX

The following features won't be implemented:

* `-exec`: use `-0` and `xargs`
  (or even better [xe](https://github.com/chneukirchen/xe)).
* columns: use `column`, `git-column` (supports colors), Plan 9 `mc`.
  (e.g. `lr -1AGFs | git column --mode=dense --padding=2`)

## "Screenshots"

Default output, sorted by name:

```
% lr
.
.git
.git/HEAD
.git/config
[...]
Makefile
README.md
lr.c
```

Long output format:

```
% lr -l
drwxrwxr-x 3 chris users   120 2015-10-27 13:56 ./
drwxrwxr-x 7 chris users   240 2015-10-27 13:56 .git/
-rw-rw-r-- 1 chris users    23 2015-10-27 13:56 .git/HEAD
-rw-rw-r-- 1 chris users   257 2015-10-27 13:56 .git/config
[...]
-rw-rw-r-- 1 chris users   297 2015-10-27 13:56 Makefile
-rw-rw-r-- 1 chris users  5828 2015-10-27 13:56 README.md
-rw-rw-r-- 1 chris users 27589 2015-10-27 13:56 lr.c
```

Simple test:

```
% lr -F -t 'type == d'
./
.git/
.git/hooks/
.git/info/
.git/logs/
.git/logs/refs/
.git/logs/refs/heads/
.git/logs/refs/remotes/
.git/logs/refs/remotes/origin/
.git/objects/
.git/objects/info/
.git/objects/pack/
.git/refs/
.git/refs/heads/
.git/refs/remotes/
.git/refs/remotes/origin/
.git/refs/tags/
```

List regular files by size, largest first:

```
% lr -f '%S %f\n' -1 -t 'type == f' -oS
  27K lr.c
 5.7K README.md
  297 Makefile
```

List directory total sizes, indented:

```
% lr -D -t 'type == d' -f '%I%I%t %p\n'
172 .
  132 .git
    40 .git/hooks
    4 .git/info
    12 .git/logs
      8 .git/logs/refs
        4 .git/logs/refs/heads
        4 .git/logs/refs/remotes
          4 .git/logs/refs/remotes/origin
    48 .git/objects
      0 .git/objects/info
      48 .git/objects/pack
    8 .git/refs
      4 .git/refs/heads
      4 .git/refs/remotes
        4 .git/refs/remotes/origin
      0 .git/refs/tags
```

List all files, but print them in red if they match "havoc":

```
% lr -G -t 'name =~ "havoc" && color 160 || print'
```

## Installation

Use `make all` to build, `make install` to install relative to `PREFIX`
(`/usr/local` by default).  The `DESTDIR` convention is respected.
You can also just copy the binary into your `PATH`.

## Copyright

Copyright (C) 2015-2017 Leah Neukirchen <purl.org/net/chneukirchen>

Licensed under the terms of the MIT license, see lr.c.