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<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 3.3//EN">
<html><head><title>Pamcat User Manual</title></head>
<body>
<h1>pamcat</h1>
Updated: 30 July 2022
<br>
<a href="#index">Table Of Contents</a>
<h2>NAME</h2>
pamcat - concatenate Netpbm images
<h2 id="synopsis">SYNOPSIS</h2>
<b>pamcat</b>
{<b>-leftright</b> | <b>-lr</b> | <b>-topbottom</b> | <b>-tb</b>}
[<b>-extendplane</b>]
[<b>-white</b>|<b>-black</b>]
[<b>-jtop</b>|<b>-jbottom</b>|<b>-jcenter</b>]
[<b>-jleft</b>|<b>-jright</b>|<b>-jcenter</b>]
<i>netpbmfile</i> ...
<p>Minimum unique abbreviation of option is acceptable. You may use
double hyphens instead of single hyphen to denote options. You may
use white space in place of the equals sign to separate an option name
from its value.
<h2 id="description">DESCRIPTION</h2>
<p>This program is part of <a href="index.html">Netpbm</a>.
<p><b>pamcat</b> reads one or more Netpbm images as input, concatenates them
either left to right or top to bottom, and produces a single PAM image
as output.
<p>As an exception for greater efficiency, <b>pamcat</b> produces raw PBM
output if all of the input images are raw PBM.
<p>Options <b>-leftright</b> and <b>-topbottom</b> determine the direction
of the concatenation.
<p>The images do not have to be the same shape: You can concatenate images
of different widths top to bottom and of different heights left to right.
You can concatenate images of different depths (numbers of planes). You
can concatenate a PBM image with a PPM image.
<p>Where the input images are of different depths, the depth of the output is
the maximum of the depths of the inputs. <b>pamcat</b> adds higher numbered
planes to the input images as padding. You can choose whether those higher
planes have all zero (black) sample values or duplicate the highest numbered
plane in the input. Use the <b>-extendplane</b> option for this. The
duplication function is useful when your inputs are visual images, without
transparency planes, because it effectively translates black and white
pixels from a 1-plane black and white input image to black and white pixels
in 3-plane color output and gray pixels from a 1-plane grayscale input image
to the same grays in 3-plane color output.
<p>Where the input images are of different widths and you concatenate top
to bottom, <b>pamcat</b> generates output as wide as the widest of the
inputs and pads the narrower ones. The images can be justified either
left, right, or center within this padded field. Use options
<b>-jleft</b>, <b>-jright</b>, and <b>-jcenter</b> to control this.
<p>Similarly, where the input images are of different heights and you
concatenate left to right, <b>pamcat</b> generates output as tall as the
tallest of the inputs and pads the shorter ones. The images can be
justified either top, bottom, or center within this padded field. Use
options
<b>-jtop</b>, <b>-jbottom</b>, and <b>-jcenter</b> to control this.
<p>You can make the padding black or white or let <b>pamcat</b> determine a
likely background color, with possibly different colored padding for each
input image. Control this with the <b>-black</b> and <b>-white</b> options.
<p>The arguments are names of input files. Any one of these, but not more
than one, may be "-" to indicate Standard Input. If you have no
arguments, that means a single input image from Standard Input (and that is
pointless - the output is the same as the input).
<p>To assemble a regular grid of images, you can use <b>pamundice</b>.
<p>To do the reverse, you might use <b>pamdice</b> to split an image
up into smaller ones of equal size or <b>pamcut</b> to chop off part
of an image or extract part of an image.
<p><b>pnmtile</b> concatenates a single input image to itself repeatedly.
<h2 id="options">OPTIONS</h2>
<p>In addition to the options common to all programs based on libnetpbm
(most notably <b>-quiet</b>, see <a href="index.html#commonoptions">
Common Options</a>), <b>pamcat</b> recognizes the following
command line options:
<h3 id="direction">Direction</h3>
<dl compact>
<dt><b>-topbottom</b>, <b>-tb</b>
<dd>Combine images vertically, top to bottom.
<dt><b>-leftright</b>, <b>-lr</b>
<dd>Combine images horizontally, left to right.
<p>You must specify the direction by specifying one of the above. You cannot
specify both.
</dl>
<h3 id="justification">Justification</h3>
<dl compact>
<dt><b>-jleft</b>
<dd>Left-justify images in a top-bottom concatenation.
<p>You cannot specify this with <b>-jright</b>
<p>This option is invalid in a left-right concatenation.
<dt><b>-jright</b>
<dd>Right-justify images in a top-bottom concatenation.
<p>You cannot specify this with <b>-jleft</b>
<p>This option is invalid in a left-right concatenation.
<dt><b>-jtop</b>
<dd>Top-justify images in a left-right concatenation.
<p>You cannot specify this with <b>-jbottom</b>
<p>This option is invalid in a top-bottom concatenation.
<dt><b>-jbottom</b>
<dd>Bottom-justify images in a left-right concatenation.
<p>You cannot specify this with <b>-jtop</b>
<p>This option is invalid in a top-bottom concatenation.
<dt><b>-jcenter</b>
<dd>Center images (valid for both left-right and top-bottom concatenations).
This is the default.
</dl>
<p>By default, <b>pamcat</b> centers the smaller images.
<b>-topbottom -jleft</b> would stack the images on top of each other, flush
with the left edge. <b>-leftright -jbottom</b> would line up the images
left to right with their bottom edges aligned as if sitting on a table.
<h3 id="paddingcolor">Padding Color</h3>
<dl compact>
<dd>These options specify what color to use to fill in the extra space when
doing the justification. If neither is specified, <b>pamcat</b> chooses
whichever color seems to be right for the images, and the color may be
different for each image.
<dt><b>-white</b>
<dd>Make all padding white.
<p>You may not specify this with <b>-black</b>
<dt><b>-black</b>
<dd>Make all padding black.
<p>You may not specify this with <b>-white</b>
</dl>
<h3 id="depthextension">Depth Extension</h3>
<dl compact>
<dd>This option controls what happens when the input image have different
depths (number of planes), so <b>pamcat</b> adds planes to the shallower
input images.
<p>The default is to make the additional planes all zero.
<dt><b>-extendplane</b>
<dd>Make the additional planes copies of the highest numbered plane in the
input.
<p>This is appropriate whenever the input images are visual images without a
transparency plane. PBM, PGM, and PPM images are all examples of visual
images without a transparency plane. PAM images with tuple types
"BLACKANDWHITE", "GRAYSCALE", and "RGB"
are also examples.
</dl>
<h2 id="seealso">SEE ALSO</h2>
<b><a href="pamundice.html">pamundice</a></b>,
<b><a href="pamdice.html">pamdice</a></b>,
<b><a href="pnmtile.html">pnmtile</a></b>,
<b><a href="pamcut.html">pamcut</a></b>,
<b><a href="pnm.html">pnm</a></b>,
<b><a href="pam.html">pam</a></b>
<h2 id="history">HISTORY</h2>
<p>Primordial Netpbm/Pbmplus contained concatenation tools, but there were two
of them: <b>pbmcatlr</b> for left-right concatenation of PBM images
and <b>pbmcattb</b> for top-bottom concatenation. When the PGM and PPM
formats were added, these programs were combined and extended to handle all
three formats, as <b>pnmcat</b>. All of this work was done by Pbmplus
author Jef Poskanzer.
<p>In Netpbm 10.44 (September 2008), Akira F Urushibata added special fast
processing for raw PBM images, exploiting bitstring processing CPU
facilities.
<p><b>pnmcat</b> was one of the most essential programs in Netpbm, but one
thing it could not concatenate was PAM images with transparency. So in
Netpbm 11.00 (September 2022), Bryan Henderson wrote <b>pamcat</b> to
replace it. It reused the raw PBM fast path code from <b>pnmcat</b> almost
verbatim.
<p>At that time, Netpbm continued to include <b>pnmcat</b>, but now it did
nothing but invoke <b>pamcat</b> with an <b>-extendplane</b> option and pipe
the output through <b>pnmtopnm</b>. It was intended for backward
compatibility only.
<hr>
<h2 id="index">Table Of Contents</h2>
<ul>
<li><a href="#synopsis">SYNOPSIS</a>
<li><a href="#description">DESCRIPTION</a>
<li><a href="#options">OPTIONS</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#direction">Direction</a>
<li><a href="#justification">Justification</a>
<li><a href="#paddingcolor">Padding Color</a>
<li><a href="#depthextension">Depth Extension</a>
</ul>
<li><a href="#seealso">SEE ALSO</a>
<li><a href="#history">HISTORY</a>
</ul>
</body>
</html>
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