/* This library module contains "ppmdraw" routines for drawing paths. By Bryan Henderson San Jose CA 06.05.24. Contributed to the public domain. I actually wrote this before I knew ppmd_fill() already existed. ppmd_fill() is more general. But path.c is probably faster and is better code, so I'm keeping it for now. */ #include #include "netpbm/pm_c_util.h" #include "netpbm/mallocvar.h" #include "ppm.h" #include "ppmdfont.h" #include "ppmdraw.h" /* This is the algorithm we use to fill a path. A path is a set of points that form a closed figure. The last point and first point are identical. But the path may cross itself other places too. Our job is to color the interior of that figure. We do it with horizontal lines. We follow the path around from start to finish, visiting every point in it. We remember in a stack the points we've been to. As long as we keep going in the same vertical direction, that stack grows. When we turn around and visit a row that we've been to before, we drop a horizontal line of fill color from where we are now to where we were the last time we visited that row, and then remove that entry from the stack. Note that because we go one point at a time, the entry on the stack for the row we're at now will always be on the top of stack. Note that the points on the stack always have consecutive row numbers, monotonically increasing or decreasing, whichever is the direction we started out in. This goes on, with the stack alternately growing and shrinking as the path turns to head up and down, until we get back to the row where we started. At this point, the stack becomes empty following the algorithm in the previous paragraph. If the path crosses over and keeps going, we just start filling the stack again, with the entries now going in the opposite direction from before -- e.g. if the path started out heading downward, the points in the stack mononotically increased in row number; after crossing back over, the points in the stack monotonically decrease in row number. It's probably more efficient to use vertical lines than horizontal ones when the image is tall and narrow. But we're not that sophisticated. */ /* NOTE NOTE NOTE In all the path logic below, we call the direction of increasing row number "up" because we think of the raster as a standard Cartesian plane. So visualize the image as upside down in the first quadrant of the Cartesian plane -- the real top left corner of the image is at the origin. */ ppmd_pathleg ppmd_makeLineLeg(ppmd_point const point) { ppmd_pathleg retval; retval. type = PPMD_PATHLEG_LINE; retval.u.linelegparms.end = point; return retval; } ppmd_pathbuilder * ppmd_pathbuilder_create() { ppmd_pathbuilder * retval; MALLOCVAR(retval); if (!retval) pm_error("Failed to allocate memory " "for a ppmd_pathuilder structure"); retval->path.version = 0; retval->path.legCount = 0; retval->path.legSize = sizeof(ppmd_pathleg); retval->path.legs = NULL; retval->begIsSet = false; retval->legsAreAutoAllocated = true; retval->legsAllocSize = 0; return retval; } void ppmd_pathbuilder_destroy(ppmd_pathbuilder * const pathBuilderP) { if (pathBuilderP->legsAreAutoAllocated) { if (pathBuilderP->path.legs) free(pathBuilderP->path.legs); } free(pathBuilderP); } void ppmd_pathbuilder_setLegArray(ppmd_pathbuilder * const pathBuilderP, ppmd_pathleg * const legs, unsigned int const legCount) { if (pathBuilderP->path.legs) pm_error("Legs array is already set up"); if (legCount < 1) pm_error("Leg array size must be at least one leg in size"); if (legs == NULL) pm_error("Leg array pointer is null"); pathBuilderP->legsAreAutoAllocated = false; pathBuilderP->legsAllocSize = legCount; pathBuilderP->path.legs = legs; } void ppmd_pathbuilder_preallocLegArray(ppmd_pathbuilder * const pathBuilderP, unsigned int const legCount) { if (pathBuilderP->path.legs) pm_error("Legs array is already set up"); if (legCount < 1) pm_error("Leg array size must be at least one leg in size"); MALLOCARRAY(pathBuilderP->path.legs, legCount); if (!pathBuilderP->path.legs) pm_error("Unable to allocate memory for %u legs", legCount); pathBuilderP->legsAllocSize = legCount; } void ppmd_pathbuilder_setBegPoint(ppmd_pathbuilder * const pathBuilderP, ppmd_point const begPoint) { pathBuilderP->path.begPoint = begPoint; pathBuilderP->begIsSet = true; } void ppmd_pathbuilder_addLineLeg(ppmd_pathbuilder * const pathBuilderP, ppmd_pathleg const leg) { if (!pathBuilderP->begIsSet) pm_error("Attempt to add a leg to a path when the " "beginning point of the path has not been set"); if (pathBuilderP->path.legCount + 1 > pathBuilderP->legsAllocSize) { if (pathBuilderP->legsAreAutoAllocated) { pathBuilderP->legsAllocSize = MAX(16, pathBuilderP->legsAllocSize * 2); REALLOCARRAY(pathBuilderP->path.legs, pathBuilderP->legsAllocSize); if (pathBuilderP->path.legs == NULL) pm_error("Unable to allocate memory for %u legs", pathBuilderP->legsAllocSize); } else pm_error("Out of space in user-supplied legs array " "(has space for %u legs)", pathBuilderP->legsAllocSize); } assert(pathBuilderP->path.legCount + 1 <= pathBuilderP->legsAllocSize); pathBuilderP->path.legs[pathBuilderP->path.legCount++] = leg; } const ppmd_path * ppmd_pathbuilder_pathP(ppmd_pathbuilder * const pathBuilderP) { return &pathBuilderP->path; } static bool pointEqual(ppmd_point const comparator, ppmd_point const comparand) { return comparator.x == comparand.x && comparator.y == comparand.y; } static int vertDisp(ppmd_point const begPoint, ppmd_point const endPoint) { /*---------------------------------------------------------------------------- Return the vertical displacement of 'endPoint' with respect to 'begPoint' -- How much higher 'endPoint' is than 'begPoint'. -----------------------------------------------------------------------------*/ return endPoint.y - begPoint.y; } static int horzDisp(ppmd_point const begPoint, ppmd_point const endPoint) { /*---------------------------------------------------------------------------- Return the horizontal displacement of 'endPoint' with respect to 'begPoint' -- How much further right 'endPoint' is than 'begPoint'. -----------------------------------------------------------------------------*/ return endPoint.x - begPoint.x; } static bool isOnLineSeg(ppmd_point const here, ppmd_point const begPoint, ppmd_point const endPoint) { return here.y >= MIN(begPoint.y, endPoint.y) && here.y <= MAX(begPoint.y, endPoint.y) && here.x >= MIN(begPoint.x, endPoint.x) && here.x <= MAX(begPoint.x, endPoint.x); } static double lineSlope(ppmd_point const begPoint, ppmd_point const endPoint) { /*---------------------------------------------------------------------------- Return the slope of the line that begins at 'begPoint' and ends at 'endPoint'. Positive slope means as row number increases, column number increases. -----------------------------------------------------------------------------*/ return (double)vertDisp(begPoint, endPoint) / horzDisp(begPoint, endPoint); } typedef struct { /*---------------------------------------------------------------------------- A complicated structure for tracking the state of a the filling algorithm. See description of algorithm above. -----------------------------------------------------------------------------*/ ppmd_point * stack; /* An array which holds the fundamental stack. The bottom of the stack is element 0. It grows consecutively up. */ unsigned int topOfStack; /* Index in stack[] of the top of the entry which will hold next _next_ element pushed onto the stack. */ unsigned int stackSize; /* Number of elements in stack[] -- i.e. maximum height of stack */ int step; /* -1 or 1. -1 means each new point pushed on the stack is one unit below the previous one; 1 means each new point pushed on the stack is one unit above the previous one. */ } fillStack; static void createStack(fillStack ** const stackPP) { /*---------------------------------------------------------------------------- Create an empty fill stack. -----------------------------------------------------------------------------*/ fillStack * stackP; MALLOCVAR_NOFAIL(stackP); stackP->stackSize = 1024; MALLOCARRAY(stackP->stack, stackP->stackSize); if (stackP->stack == NULL) pm_error("Could not allocate memory for a fill stack of %u points", stackP->stackSize); stackP->topOfStack = 0; stackP->step = +1; /* arbitrary choice */ *stackPP = stackP; } static void destroyStack(fillStack * const stackP) { free(stackP->stack); free(stackP); } static ppmd_point topOfStack(fillStack * const stackP) { assert(stackP->topOfStack > 0); return stackP->stack[stackP->topOfStack-1]; } static bool stackIsEmpty(fillStack * const stackP) { return stackP->topOfStack == 0; } static bool inStackDirection(fillStack * const stackP, ppmd_point const point) { /*---------------------------------------------------------------------------- Return true iff the point 'point' is is a step in the current stack direction from the point on the top of the stack. I.e. we could push this point onto the stack without violating the monotonic property. -----------------------------------------------------------------------------*/ if (stackIsEmpty(stackP)) return true; else return topOfStack(stackP).y + stackP->step == point.y; } static bool againstStackDirection(fillStack * const stackP, ppmd_point const point) { /*---------------------------------------------------------------------------- Return true iff the point 'point' is a step in the other direction form the current stack direction. -----------------------------------------------------------------------------*/ if (stackIsEmpty(stackP)) return false; else return topOfStack(stackP).y - stackP->step == point.y; } static bool isLateralFromTopOfStack(fillStack * const stackP, ppmd_point const point) { /*---------------------------------------------------------------------------- Return true iff the point 'point' is laterally across from the point on the top of the stack. -----------------------------------------------------------------------------*/ if (stackIsEmpty(stackP)) return false; else return point.y == topOfStack(stackP).y; } static void pushStack(fillStack * const stackP, ppmd_point const newPoint) { assert(inStackDirection(stackP, newPoint)); if (stackP->topOfStack >= stackP->stackSize) { stackP->stackSize *= 2; REALLOCARRAY(stackP->stack, stackP->stackSize); if (stackP->stack == NULL) pm_error("Could not allocate memory for a fill stack of %u points", stackP->stackSize); } assert(stackP->topOfStack < stackP->stackSize); stackP->stack[stackP->topOfStack++] = newPoint; } static ppmd_point popStack(fillStack * const stackP) { ppmd_point retval; assert(stackP->topOfStack < stackP->stackSize); retval = stackP->stack[--stackP->topOfStack]; return retval; } static void replaceTopOfStack(fillStack * const stackP, ppmd_point const point) { assert(stackP->topOfStack > 0); stackP->stack[stackP->topOfStack-1] = point; } static void reverseStackDirection(fillStack * const stackP) { stackP->step *= -1; } static void drawFillLine(ppmd_point const begPoint, ppmd_point const endPoint, pixel ** const pixels, pixel const color) { unsigned int leftCol, rghtCol; unsigned int col; unsigned int row; /* Fill lines are always horizontal */ assert(begPoint.y == endPoint.y); row = begPoint.y; if (begPoint.x <= endPoint.x) { leftCol = begPoint.x; rghtCol = endPoint.x; } else { leftCol = endPoint.x; rghtCol = begPoint.x; } for (col = leftCol; col <= rghtCol; ++col) pixels[row][col] = color; } static void fillPoint(fillStack * const stackP, ppmd_point const point, pixel ** const pixels, pixel const color) { /*---------------------------------------------------------------------------- Follow the outline of the figure to the point 'point', which is adjacent to the point most recently added. Fill the image in 'pixels' with color 'color' and update *stackP as required. -----------------------------------------------------------------------------*/ if (inStackDirection(stackP, point)) { pushStack(stackP, point); pixels[point.y][point.x] = color; } else { if (againstStackDirection(stackP, point)) popStack(stackP); if (stackIsEmpty(stackP)) { reverseStackDirection(stackP); pushStack(stackP, point); } else { assert(isLateralFromTopOfStack(stackP, point)); drawFillLine(topOfStack(stackP), point, pixels, color); replaceTopOfStack(stackP, point); } } } static void fillLeg(ppmd_point const begPoint, ppmd_point const endPoint, fillStack * const stackP, pixel ** const pixels, pixel const color) { /*---------------------------------------------------------------------------- Follow the leg which is a straight line segment from 'begPoint' through 'endPoint', filling the raster 'pixels' with color 'color', according to *stackP as we go. We update *stackP accordingly. A leg starts where the leg before it ends, so we skip the first point in the line segment. -----------------------------------------------------------------------------*/ assert(!stackIsEmpty(stackP)); if (endPoint.y == begPoint.y) /* Line is horizontal; We need just the end point. */ fillPoint(stackP, endPoint, pixels, color); else { double const invSlope = 1/lineSlope(begPoint, endPoint); int const step = endPoint.y > begPoint.y ? +1 : -1; ppmd_point here; here = begPoint; while (here.y != endPoint.y) { here.y += step; here.x = ROUNDU(begPoint.x + vertDisp(begPoint, here) * invSlope); assert(isOnLineSeg(here, begPoint, endPoint)); fillPoint(stackP, here, pixels, color); } } } void ppmd_fill_path(pixel ** const pixels, int const cols, int const rows, pixval const maxval, const ppmd_path * const pathP, pixel const color) { /*---------------------------------------------------------------------------- Draw a path which defines a closed figure (or multiple closed figures) and fill it in. *pathP describes the path. 'color' is the color with which to fill. 'pixels' is the canvas on which to draw the figure; its dimensions are 'cols' x 'rows'. 'maxval' is the maxval for 'color' and for 'pixels'. Fail (abort the program) if the path does not end on the same point at which it began. -----------------------------------------------------------------------------*/ ppmd_point prevVertex; fillStack * stackP; unsigned int legNumber; createStack(&stackP); prevVertex = pathP->begPoint; pushStack(stackP, pathP->begPoint); for (legNumber = 0; legNumber < pathP->legCount; ++legNumber) { ppmd_pathleg * const legP = &pathP->legs[legNumber]; ppmd_point const nextVertex = legP->u.linelegparms.end; if (prevVertex.y >= rows || nextVertex.y >= rows) pm_error("Path extends below the image."); if (prevVertex.x >= cols || nextVertex.x >= cols) pm_error("Path extends off the image to the right."); fillLeg(prevVertex, nextVertex, stackP, pixels, color); prevVertex = nextVertex; } if (!pointEqual(prevVertex, pathP->begPoint)) pm_error("Failed to fill a path -- the path is not closed " "(i.e. it doesn't end up at the same point where it began)"); assert(pointEqual(popStack(stackP), pathP->begPoint)); assert(stackIsEmpty(stackP)); destroyStack(stackP); }