%! %%BoundingBox: (atend) %%Pages: (atend) %%DocumentFonts: (atend) %%EndComments % % FrameMaker PostScript Prolog 3.0, for use with FrameMaker 3.0 % Copyright (c) 1986,87,89,90,91 by Frame Technology Corporation. % All rights reserved. % % Known Problems: % Due to bugs in Transcript, the 'PS-Adobe-' is omitted from line 1 /FMversion (3.0) def % Set up Color vs. Black-and-White /FMPrintInColor systemdict /colorimage known systemdict /currentcolortransfer known or def % Uncomment this line to force b&w on color printer % /FMPrintInColor false def /FrameDict 195 dict def systemdict /errordict known not {/errordict 10 dict def errordict /rangecheck {stop} put} if % The readline in 23.0 doesn't recognize cr's as nl's on AppleTalk FrameDict /tmprangecheck errordict /rangecheck get put errordict /rangecheck {FrameDict /bug true put} put FrameDict /bug false put mark % Some PS machines read past the CR, so keep the following 3 lines together! currentfile 5 string readline 00 0000000000 cleartomark errordict /rangecheck FrameDict /tmprangecheck get put FrameDict /bug get { /readline { /gstring exch def /gfile exch def /gindex 0 def { gfile read pop dup 10 eq {exit} if dup 13 eq {exit} if gstring exch gindex exch put /gindex gindex 1 add def } loop pop gstring 0 gindex getinterval true } def } if /FMVERSION { FMversion ne { /Times-Roman findfont 18 scalefont setfont 100 100 moveto (FrameMaker version does not match postscript_prolog!) dup = show showpage } if } def /FMLOCAL { FrameDict begin 0 def end } def /gstring FMLOCAL /gfile FMLOCAL /gindex FMLOCAL /orgxfer FMLOCAL /orgproc FMLOCAL /organgle FMLOCAL /orgfreq FMLOCAL /yscale FMLOCAL /xscale FMLOCAL /manualfeed FMLOCAL /paperheight FMLOCAL /paperwidth FMLOCAL /FMDOCUMENT { array /FMfonts exch def /#copies exch def FrameDict begin 0 ne dup {setmanualfeed} if /manualfeed exch def /paperheight exch def /paperwidth exch def /yscale exch def /xscale exch def currenttransfer cvlit /orgxfer exch def currentscreen cvlit /orgproc exch def /organgle exch def /orgfreq exch def setpapername manualfeed {true} {papersize} ifelse {manualpapersize} {false} ifelse {desperatepapersize} if end } def /pagesave FMLOCAL /orgmatrix FMLOCAL /landscape FMLOCAL /FMBEGINPAGE { FrameDict begin /pagesave save def 3.86 setmiterlimit /landscape exch 0 ne def landscape { 90 rotate 0 exch neg translate pop } {pop pop} ifelse xscale yscale scale /orgmatrix matrix def gsave } def /FMENDPAGE { grestore pagesave restore end showpage } def /FMFONTDEFINE { FrameDict begin findfont ReEncode 1 index exch definefont FMfonts 3 1 roll put end } def /FMFILLS { FrameDict begin array /fillvals exch def end } def /FMFILL { FrameDict begin fillvals 3 1 roll put end } def /FMNORMALIZEGRAPHICS { newpath 0.0 0.0 moveto 1 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0 0 0 sethsbcolor 0 setgray } bind def /fx FMLOCAL /fy FMLOCAL /fh FMLOCAL /fw FMLOCAL /llx FMLOCAL /lly FMLOCAL /urx FMLOCAL /ury FMLOCAL /FMBEGINEPSF { end /FMEPSF save def /showpage {} def FMNORMALIZEGRAPHICS [/fy /fx /fh /fw /ury /urx /lly /llx] {exch def} forall fx fy translate rotate fw urx llx sub div fh ury lly sub div scale llx neg lly neg translate } bind def /FMENDEPSF { FMEPSF restore FrameDict begin } bind def FrameDict begin /setmanualfeed { %%BeginFeature *ManualFeed True statusdict /manualfeed true put %%EndFeature } def /max {2 copy lt {exch} if pop} bind def /min {2 copy gt {exch} if pop} bind def /inch {72 mul} def /pagedimen { paperheight sub abs 16 lt exch paperwidth sub abs 16 lt and {/papername exch def} {pop} ifelse } def /papersizedict FMLOCAL /setpapername { /papersizedict 14 dict def papersizedict begin /papername /unknown def /Letter 8.5 inch 11.0 inch pagedimen /LetterSmall 7.68 inch 10.16 inch pagedimen /Tabloid 11.0 inch 17.0 inch pagedimen /Ledger 17.0 inch 11.0 inch pagedimen /Legal 8.5 inch 14.0 inch pagedimen /Statement 5.5 inch 8.5 inch pagedimen /Executive 7.5 inch 10.0 inch pagedimen /A3 11.69 inch 16.5 inch pagedimen /A4 8.26 inch 11.69 inch pagedimen /A4Small 7.47 inch 10.85 inch pagedimen /B4 10.125 inch 14.33 inch pagedimen /B5 7.16 inch 10.125 inch pagedimen end } def /papersize { papersizedict begin /Letter {lettertray letter} def /LetterSmall {lettertray lettersmall} def /Tabloid {11x17tray 11x17} def /Ledger {ledgertray ledger} def /Legal {legaltray legal} def /Statement {statementtray statement} def /Executive {executivetray executive} def /A3 {a3tray a3} def /A4 {a4tray a4} def /A4Small {a4tray a4small} def /B4 {b4tray b4} def /B5 {b5tray b5} def /unknown {unknown} def papersizedict dup papername known {papername} {/unknown} ifelse get end /FMdicttop countdictstack 1 add def statusdict begin stopped end countdictstack -1 FMdicttop {pop end} for } def /manualpapersize { papersizedict begin /Letter {letter} def /LetterSmall {lettersmall} def /Tabloid {11x17} def /Ledger {ledger} def /Legal {legal} def /Statement {statement} def /Executive {executive} def /A3 {a3} def /A4 {a4} def /A4Small {a4small} def /B4 {b4} def /B5 {b5} def /unknown {unknown} def papersizedict dup papername known {papername} {/unknown} ifelse get end stopped } def /desperatepapersize { statusdict /setpageparams known { paperwidth paperheight 0 1 statusdict begin {setpageparams} stopped pop end } if } def /savematrix { orgmatrix currentmatrix pop } bind def /restorematrix { orgmatrix setmatrix } bind def /dmatrix matrix def /dpi 72 0 dmatrix defaultmatrix dtransform dup mul exch dup mul add sqrt def /freq dpi 18.75 div 8 div round dup 0 eq {pop 1} if 8 mul dpi exch div def /sangle 1 0 dmatrix defaultmatrix dtransform exch atan def /DiacriticEncoding [ /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /space /exclam /quotedbl /numbersign /dollar /percent /ampersand /quotesingle /parenleft /parenright /asterisk /plus /comma /hyphen /period /slash /zero /one /two /three /four /five /six /seven /eight /nine /colon /semicolon /less /equal /greater /question /at /A /B /C /D /E /F /G /H /I /J /K /L /M /N /O /P /Q /R /S /T /U /V /W /X /Y /Z /bracketleft /backslash /bracketright /asciicircum /underscore /grave /a /b /c /d /e /f /g /h /i /j /k /l /m /n /o /p /q /r /s /t /u /v /w /x /y /z /braceleft /bar /braceright /asciitilde /.notdef /Adieresis /Aring /Ccedilla /Eacute /Ntilde /Odieresis /Udieresis /aacute /agrave /acircumflex /adieresis /atilde /aring /ccedilla /eacute /egrave /ecircumflex /edieresis /iacute /igrave /icircumflex /idieresis /ntilde /oacute /ograve /ocircumflex /odieresis /otilde /uacute /ugrave /ucircumflex /udieresis /dagger /.notdef /cent /sterling /section /bullet /paragraph /germandbls /registered /copyright /trademark /acute /dieresis /.notdef /AE /Oslash /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /yen /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /ordfeminine /ordmasculine /.notdef /ae /oslash /questiondown /exclamdown /logicalnot /.notdef /florin /.notdef /.notdef /guillemotleft /guillemotright /ellipsis /.notdef /Agrave /Atilde /Otilde /OE /oe /endash /emdash /quotedblleft /quotedblright /quoteleft /quoteright /.notdef /.notdef /ydieresis /Ydieresis /fraction /currency /guilsinglleft /guilsinglright /fi /fl /daggerdbl /periodcentered /quotesinglbase /quotedblbase /perthousand /Acircumflex /Ecircumflex /Aacute /Edieresis /Egrave /Iacute /Icircumflex /Idieresis /Igrave /Oacute /Ocircumflex /.notdef /Ograve /Uacute /Ucircumflex /Ugrave /dotlessi /circumflex /tilde /macron /breve /dotaccent /ring /cedilla /hungarumlaut /ogonek /caron ] def /ReEncode { dup length dict begin { 1 index /FID ne {def} {pop pop} ifelse } forall 0 eq {/Encoding DiacriticEncoding def} if currentdict end } bind def /graymode true def /bwidth FMLOCAL /bpside FMLOCAL /bstring FMLOCAL /onbits FMLOCAL /offbits FMLOCAL /xindex FMLOCAL /yindex FMLOCAL /x FMLOCAL /y FMLOCAL /setpattern { /bwidth exch def /bpside exch def /bstring exch def /onbits 0 def /offbits 0 def freq sangle landscape {90 add} if {/y exch def /x exch def /xindex x 1 add 2 div bpside mul cvi def /yindex y 1 add 2 div bpside mul cvi def bstring yindex bwidth mul xindex 8 idiv add get 1 7 xindex 8 mod sub bitshift and 0 ne {/onbits onbits 1 add def 1} {/offbits offbits 1 add def 0} ifelse } setscreen {} settransfer offbits offbits onbits add div FMsetgray /graymode false def } bind def /grayness { FMsetgray graymode not { /graymode true def orgxfer cvx settransfer orgfreq organgle orgproc cvx setscreen } if } bind def /HUE FMLOCAL /SAT FMLOCAL /BRIGHT FMLOCAL /Colors FMLOCAL FMPrintInColor { /HUE 0 def /SAT 0 def /BRIGHT 0 def % array of arrays Hue and Sat values for the separations [HUE BRIGHT] /Colors [[0 0 ] % black [0 0 ] % white [0.00 1.0] % red [0.37 1.0] % green [0.60 1.0] % blue [0.50 1.0] % cyan [0.83 1.0] % magenta [0.16 1.0] % comment / yellow ] def /BEGINBITMAPCOLOR { BITMAPCOLOR} def /BEGINBITMAPCOLORc { BITMAPCOLORc} def /BEGINBITMAPTRUECOLOR { BITMAPTRUECOLOR } def /BEGINBITMAPTRUECOLORc { BITMAPTRUECOLORc } def /K { Colors exch get dup 0 get /HUE exch store 1 get /BRIGHT exch store HUE 0 eq BRIGHT 0 eq and {1.0 SAT sub setgray} {HUE SAT BRIGHT sethsbcolor} ifelse } def /FMsetgray { /SAT exch 1.0 exch sub store HUE 0 eq BRIGHT 0 eq and {1.0 SAT sub setgray} {HUE SAT BRIGHT sethsbcolor} ifelse } bind def } { /BEGINBITMAPCOLOR { BITMAPGRAY} def /BEGINBITMAPCOLORc { BITMAPGRAYc} def /BEGINBITMAPTRUECOLOR { BITMAPTRUEGRAY } def /BEGINBITMAPTRUECOLORc { BITMAPTRUEGRAYc } def /FMsetgray {setgray} bind def /K { pop } def } ifelse /normalize { transform round exch round exch itransform } bind def /dnormalize { dtransform round exch round exch idtransform } bind def /lnormalize { 0 dtransform exch cvi 2 idiv 2 mul 1 add exch idtransform pop } bind def /H { lnormalize setlinewidth } bind def /Z { setlinecap } bind def /fillvals FMLOCAL /X { fillvals exch get dup type /stringtype eq {8 1 setpattern} {grayness} ifelse } bind def /V { gsave eofill grestore } bind def /N { stroke } bind def /M {newpath moveto} bind def /E {lineto} bind def /D {curveto} bind def /O {closepath} bind def /n FMLOCAL /L { /n exch def newpath normalize moveto 2 1 n {pop normalize lineto} for } bind def /Y { L closepath } bind def /x1 FMLOCAL /x2 FMLOCAL /y1 FMLOCAL /y2 FMLOCAL /rad FMLOCAL /R { /y2 exch def /x2 exch def /y1 exch def /x1 exch def x1 y1 x2 y1 x2 y2 x1 y2 4 Y } bind def /RR { /rad exch def normalize /y2 exch def /x2 exch def normalize /y1 exch def /x1 exch def newpath x1 y1 rad add moveto x1 y2 x2 y2 rad arcto x2 y2 x2 y1 rad arcto x2 y1 x1 y1 rad arcto x1 y1 x1 y2 rad arcto closepath 16 {pop} repeat } bind def /C { grestore gsave R clip } bind def /FMpointsize FMLOCAL /F { FMfonts exch get FMpointsize scalefont setfont } bind def /Q { /FMpointsize exch def F } bind def /T { moveto show } bind def /RF { rotate 0 ne {-1 1 scale} if } bind def /TF { gsave moveto RF show grestore } bind def /P { moveto 0 32 3 2 roll widthshow } bind def /PF { gsave moveto RF 0 32 3 2 roll widthshow grestore } bind def /S { moveto 0 exch ashow } bind def /SF { gsave moveto RF 0 exch ashow grestore } bind def /B { moveto 0 32 4 2 roll 0 exch awidthshow } bind def /BF { gsave moveto RF 0 32 4 2 roll 0 exch awidthshow grestore } bind def /G { gsave newpath normalize translate 0.0 0.0 moveto dnormalize scale 0.0 0.0 1.0 5 3 roll arc closepath fill grestore } bind def /A { gsave savematrix newpath 2 index 2 div add exch 3 index 2 div sub exch normalize 2 index 2 div sub exch 3 index 2 div add exch translate scale 0.0 0.0 1.0 5 3 roll arc restorematrix stroke grestore } bind def /x FMLOCAL /y FMLOCAL /w FMLOCAL /h FMLOCAL /xx FMLOCAL /yy FMLOCAL /ww FMLOCAL /hh FMLOCAL /FMsaveobject FMLOCAL /FMoptop FMLOCAL /FMdicttop FMLOCAL /BEGINPRINTCODE { /FMdicttop countdictstack 1 add def /FMoptop count 4 sub def /FMsaveobject save def userdict begin /showpage {} def FMNORMALIZEGRAPHICS 3 index neg 3 index neg translate } bind def /ENDPRINTCODE { count -1 FMoptop {pop pop} for countdictstack -1 FMdicttop {pop end} for FMsaveobject restore } bind def /gn { 0 { 46 mul cf read pop 32 sub dup 46 lt {exit} if 46 sub add } loop add } bind def /str FMLOCAL /cfs { /str sl string def 0 1 sl 1 sub {str exch val put} for str def } bind def /ic [ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0223 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0223 0 {0 hx} {1 hx} {2 hx} {3 hx} {4 hx} {5 hx} {6 hx} {7 hx} {8 hx} {9 hx} {10 hx} {11 hx} {12 hx} {13 hx} {14 hx} {15 hx} {16 hx} {17 hx} {18 hx} {19 hx} {gn hx} {0} {1} {2} {3} {4} {5} {6} {7} {8} {9} {10} {11} {12} {13} {14} {15} {16} {17} {18} {19} {gn} {0 wh} {1 wh} {2 wh} {3 wh} {4 wh} {5 wh} {6 wh} {7 wh} {8 wh} {9 wh} {10 wh} {11 wh} {12 wh} {13 wh} {14 wh} {gn wh} {0 bl} {1 bl} {2 bl} {3 bl} {4 bl} {5 bl} {6 bl} {7 bl} {8 bl} {9 bl} {10 bl} {11 bl} {12 bl} {13 bl} {14 bl} {gn bl} {0 fl} {1 fl} {2 fl} {3 fl} {4 fl} {5 fl} {6 fl} {7 fl} {8 fl} {9 fl} {10 fl} {11 fl} {12 fl} {13 fl} {14 fl} {gn fl} ] def /sl FMLOCAL /val FMLOCAL /ws FMLOCAL /im FMLOCAL /bs FMLOCAL /cs FMLOCAL /len FMLOCAL /pos FMLOCAL /ms { /sl exch def /val 255 def /ws cfs /im cfs /val 0 def /bs cfs /cs cfs } bind def 400 ms /ip { is 0 cf cs readline pop { ic exch get exec add } forall pop } bind def /wh { /len exch def /pos exch def ws 0 len getinterval im pos len getinterval copy pop pos len } bind def /bl { /len exch def /pos exch def bs 0 len getinterval im pos len getinterval copy pop pos len } bind def /s1 1 string def /fl { /len exch def /pos exch def /val cf s1 readhexstring pop 0 get def pos 1 pos len add 1 sub {im exch val put} for pos len } bind def /hx { 3 copy getinterval cf exch readhexstring pop pop } bind def /h FMLOCAL /w FMLOCAL /d FMLOCAL /lb FMLOCAL /bitmapsave FMLOCAL /is FMLOCAL /cf FMLOCAL /wbytes { dup 8 eq {pop} {1 eq {7 add 8 idiv} {3 add 4 idiv} ifelse} ifelse } bind def /BEGINBITMAPBWc { 1 {} COMMONBITMAPc } bind def /BEGINBITMAPGRAYc { 8 {} COMMONBITMAPc } bind def /BEGINBITMAP2BITc { 2 {} COMMONBITMAPc } bind def /COMMONBITMAPc { /r exch def /d exch def gsave translate rotate scale /h exch def /w exch def /lb w d wbytes def sl lb lt {lb ms} if /bitmapsave save def r /is im 0 lb getinterval def ws 0 lb getinterval is copy pop /cf currentfile def w h d [w 0 0 h neg 0 h] {ip} image bitmapsave restore grestore } bind def /BEGINBITMAPBW { 1 {} COMMONBITMAP } bind def /BEGINBITMAPGRAY { 8 {} COMMONBITMAP } bind def /BEGINBITMAP2BIT { 2 {} COMMONBITMAP } bind def /COMMONBITMAP { /r exch def /d exch def gsave translate rotate scale /h exch def /w exch def /bitmapsave save def r /is w d wbytes string def /cf currentfile def w h d [w 0 0 h neg 0 h] {cf is readhexstring pop} image bitmapsave restore grestore } bind def /proc1 FMLOCAL /proc2 FMLOCAL /newproc FMLOCAL /Fmcc { /proc2 exch cvlit def /proc1 exch cvlit def /newproc proc1 length proc2 length add array def newproc 0 proc1 putinterval newproc proc1 length proc2 putinterval newproc cvx } bind def /ngrayt 256 array def /nredt 256 array def /nbluet 256 array def /ngreent 256 array def /gryt FMLOCAL /blut FMLOCAL /grnt FMLOCAL /redt FMLOCAL /indx FMLOCAL /cynu FMLOCAL /magu FMLOCAL /yelu FMLOCAL /k FMLOCAL /u FMLOCAL /colorsetup { currentcolortransfer /gryt exch def /blut exch def /grnt exch def /redt exch def 0 1 255 { /indx exch def /cynu 1 red indx get 255 div sub def /magu 1 green indx get 255 div sub def /yelu 1 blue indx get 255 div sub def /k cynu magu min yelu min def /u k currentundercolorremoval exec def nredt indx 1 0 cynu u sub max sub redt exec put ngreent indx 1 0 magu u sub max sub grnt exec put nbluet indx 1 0 yelu u sub max sub blut exec put ngrayt indx 1 k currentblackgeneration exec sub gryt exec put } for {255 mul cvi nredt exch get} {255 mul cvi ngreent exch get} {255 mul cvi nbluet exch get} {255 mul cvi ngrayt exch get} setcolortransfer {pop 0} setundercolorremoval {} setblackgeneration } bind def /tran FMLOCAL /fakecolorsetup { /tran 256 string def 0 1 255 {/indx exch def tran indx red indx get 77 mul green indx get 151 mul blue indx get 28 mul add add 256 idiv put} for currenttransfer {255 mul cvi tran exch get 255.0 div} exch Fmcc settransfer } bind def /BITMAPCOLOR { /d 8 def gsave translate rotate scale /h exch def /w exch def /bitmapsave save def colorsetup /is w d wbytes string def /cf currentfile def w h d [w 0 0 h neg 0 h] {cf is readhexstring pop} {is} {is} true 3 colorimage bitmapsave restore grestore } bind def /BITMAPCOLORc { /d 8 def gsave translate rotate scale /h exch def /w exch def /lb w d wbytes def sl lb lt {lb ms} if /bitmapsave save def colorsetup /is im 0 lb getinterval def ws 0 lb getinterval is copy pop /cf currentfile def w h d [w 0 0 h neg 0 h] {ip} {is} {is} true 3 colorimage bitmapsave restore grestore } bind def /BITMAPTRUECOLORc { gsave translate rotate scale /h exch def /w exch def /bitmapsave save def /is w string def ws 0 w getinterval is copy pop /cf currentfile def w h 8 [w 0 0 h neg 0 h] {ip} {gip} {bip} true 3 colorimage bitmapsave restore grestore } bind def /BITMAPTRUECOLOR { gsave translate rotate scale /h exch def /w exch def /bitmapsave save def /is w string def /gis w string def /bis w string def /cf currentfile def w h 8 [w 0 0 h neg 0 h] { cf is readhexstring pop } { cf gis readhexstring pop } { cf bis readhexstring pop } true 3 colorimage bitmapsave restore grestore } bind def /BITMAPTRUEGRAYc { gsave translate rotate scale /h exch def /w exch def /bitmapsave save def /is w string def ws 0 w getinterval is copy pop /cf currentfile def w h 8 [w 0 0 h neg 0 h] {ip gip bip w gray} image bitmapsave restore grestore } bind def /ww FMLOCAL /r FMLOCAL /g FMLOCAL /b FMLOCAL /i FMLOCAL /gray { /ww exch def /b exch def /g exch def /r exch def 0 1 ww 1 sub { /i exch def r i get .299 mul g i get .587 mul b i get .114 mul add add r i 3 -1 roll floor cvi put } for r } bind def /BITMAPTRUEGRAY { gsave translate rotate scale /h exch def /w exch def /bitmapsave save def /is w string def /gis w string def /bis w string def /cf currentfile def w h 8 [w 0 0 h neg 0 h] { cf is readhexstring pop cf gis readhexstring pop cf bis readhexstring pop w gray} image bitmapsave restore grestore } bind def /BITMAPGRAY { 8 {fakecolorsetup} COMMONBITMAP } bind def /BITMAPGRAYc { 8 {fakecolorsetup} COMMONBITMAPc } bind def /ENDBITMAP { } bind def end /ALDsave FMLOCAL /ALDmatrix matrix def ALDmatrix currentmatrix pop /StartALD { /ALDsave save def savematrix ALDmatrix setmatrix } bind def /InALD { restorematrix } bind def /DoneALD { ALDsave restore } bind def %%EndProlog %%BeginSetup (3.0) FMVERSION 1 1 612 792 0 1 12 FMDOCUMENT 0 0 /Times-Roman FMFONTDEFINE 1 0 /Times-Bold FMFONTDEFINE 2 0 /Courier FMFONTDEFINE 3 0 /Times-Italic FMFONTDEFINE 32 FMFILLS 0 0 FMFILL 1 .1 FMFILL 2 .3 FMFILL 3 .5 FMFILL 4 .7 FMFILL 5 .9 FMFILL 6 .97 FMFILL 7 1 FMFILL 8 <0f1e3c78f0e1c387> FMFILL 9 <0f87c3e1f0783c1e> FMFILL 10 FMFILL 11 FMFILL 12 <8142241818244281> FMFILL 13 <03060c183060c081> FMFILL 14 <8040201008040201> FMFILL 16 1 FMFILL 17 .9 FMFILL 18 .7 FMFILL 19 .5 FMFILL 20 .3 FMFILL 21 .1 FMFILL 22 0.03 FMFILL 23 0 FMFILL 24 FMFILL 25 FMFILL 26 <3333333333333333> FMFILL 27 <0000ffff0000ffff> FMFILL 28 <7ebddbe7e7dbbd7e> FMFILL 29 FMFILL 30 <7fbfdfeff7fbfdfe> FMFILL %%EndSetup %%Page: "11" 11 %%BeginPaperSize: Letter %%EndPaperSize 612 792 0 FMBEGINPAGE 57.97 26.65 554.03 40.82 R 7 X 0 K V 0 10 Q 0 X (11) 301 34.15 T 56.69 54.99 297.64 735.31 R 7 X V 1 12 Q 0 X (7. Fr) 56.69 727.31 T (equently Asked Questions) 81.12 727.31 T 0 F (7.1 Questions) 56.69 699.31 T (1. How do I encode a sequence that can be) 82.49 672.31 T (played by the Xing player?) 56.69 658.31 T (2. I\325m using the Parallax XV) 82.49 644.31 T (ideo card to) 220.34 644.31 T (digitize; how do I MPEG-encode the resulting) 56.69 630.31 T (data?) 56.69 616.31 T (3. How do I convert the MPEG-encoder) 82.49 602.31 T (YUV \336les into PPM \336les?) 56.69 588.31 T (7.2 Answers) 56.69 546.31 T -0.76 (1. The XING player samples video at 160x120 and) 56.69 518.31 P (expands to output 320x240. This is where their) 56.69 504.31 T (speed comes from. The player cannot buf) 56.69 490.31 T (fer a) 255.32 490.31 T (320x240 and thus had data overruns. The xing) 56.69 476.31 T (player would \325) 56.69 462.31 T (theoretically\325 handle 160x120 I) 126.42 462.31 T (frames.) 56.69 448.31 T (Thus, to encode, use P) 56.69 420.31 T (A) 163.52 420.31 T (TTERN I and 160x120) 170.85 420.31 T (frames.) 56.69 406.31 T (\050jboucher@\337ash.bu.edu\051) 56.69 392.31 T (2. Use the type JMOVIE, or use the jmovie2jpeg) 56.69 364.31 T (utility in the misc/ directory) 56.69 350.31 T (.) 189.84 350.31 T (3. Stanford\325) 56.69 322.31 T (s CVv1.2.2.tar) 113.33 322.31 T (.Z includes) 182.62 322.31 T (cyuv2ppm.c.) 56.69 308.31 T -0.2 (Which after you split the Y) 56.69 294.31 P -0.2 (, U, and V components) 185.05 294.31 P (out, works \336ne. \050curly@hsn.cftnet.com\051) 56.69 280.31 T (This can be ftp\325d from) 56.69 252.31 T 2 F (havefun.stanford.edu) 56.69 238.31 T 0 F (, in the directory) 200.61 238.31 T 2 F (/) 282.89 238.31 T (pub/cv/) 56.69 224.31 T 0 F (.) 107.07 224.31 T 314.36 54.99 552.76 735.31 R 7 X V FMENDPAGE %%EndPage: "11" 10 %%Page: "10" 10 612 792 0 FMBEGINPAGE 57.97 26.65 554.03 40.82 R 7 X 0 K V 0 10 Q 0 X (10) 301 34.15 T 56.69 54.99 297.64 735.31 R 7 X V 0 X (Usage:) 85.04 728.64 T 2 F (ppmtoeyuv < input.ppm > output.yuv) 85.04 715.64 T 0 F 0.33 (This takes as input a ppm file and outputs a subsam-) 85.04 689.64 P (pled yuv file suitable for the encoder.) 56.69 678.64 T 0 12 Q (6.2 jmovie2jpeg) 56.69 636.31 T 0 10 Q (Usage:) 85.04 610.64 T 2 F 4.9 (jmovie2jpeg infile outfile start-) 85.04 597.64 P (frame end-frame) 56.69 586.64 T (infile) 85.04 560.64 T 0 F ( is a version 2 Parallax J_Movie) 121.02 560.64 T 2 F (outfile) 85.04 547.64 T 0 F ( is a base file name for the output files) 127.02 547.64 T 2 F 5.44 (start-frame) 85.04 534.64 P 0 F 2.27 ( and) 151 534.64 P 2 F 5.44 (end-frame) 174.97 534.64 P 0 F 2.27 ( are the starting) 228.94 534.64 P (and ending frame numbers) 56.69 523.64 T 1.39 (This takes as input a J_Movie and creates separate) 85.04 497.64 P 0.09 (JFIF compatible JPEG files with the names base.jpg,) 56.69 486.64 P (where base is outfile, and are the frame numbers.) 56.69 475.64 T 9.6 (jmovie2jpeg was written by Jim Boucher) 85.04 462.64 P (\050jboucher@\337ash.bu.edu\051.) 56.69 451.64 T 0 12 Q (6.3 movieT) 56.69 424.31 T (oV) 111.15 424.31 T (id) 125.09 424.31 T 0 10 Q (Usage:) 85.04 398.64 T 2 F 22.34 (movieToVid movieFile dataDir) 85.04 385.64 P (indexDir srcHostName) 56.69 374.64 T 0 F 0.95 (This program is used to convert a Parallax J Movie) 85.04 348.64 P 0.58 (into a \322.vid\323 file, which is video only. vid files are used by) 56.69 337.64 P (some of the programs described later.) 56.69 326.64 T 0.55 (See the README file in misc/mtv/ for more details) 85.04 313.64 P (on usage.) 56.69 302.64 T 0.58 (movieToVid was written by Brian Smith \050bsmith@-) 85.04 289.64 P (cs.berkeley.edu\051) 56.69 278.64 T 0 12 Q (6.4 eyuvtojpeg) 56.69 236.31 T 0 10 Q (Usage:) 85.04 210.64 T 2 F (eyuvtojpeg infile outfile) 85.04 197.64 T 0 F 0.27 (This takes as input an encoder yuv file and outputs a) 85.04 171.64 P (jpeg file. It uses cjpeg to do the compression.) 56.69 160.64 T 0 12 Q (6.5 blockrun) 56.69 118.31 T 0 10 Q (Usage:) 85.04 92.64 T 2 F 2.9 (blockrun command num_args firstnum) 85.04 79.64 P (lastnum skip arg1 ... argn) 56.69 68.64 T 314.36 54.99 552.76 735.31 R 7 X V 0 F 0 X 7.53 (This runs the given command \050which has) 342.71 715.64 P 2 F 0.32 (num_args) 314.36 704.64 P 0 F 0.13 ( args\051, with the args) 362.34 704.64 P 2 F 0.32 (arg1 ... argn) 444.61 704.64 P 0 F 0.13 (, where) 523.21 704.64 P -0.04 (any \325=\325 character is replaced by a number from) 314.36 693.64 P 2 F -0.09 (firstnum) 504.78 693.64 P 0 F (to) 314.36 682.64 T 2 F (lastnum) 324.64 682.64 T 0 F ( skipping by) 366.61 682.64 T 2 F (skip) 418.54 682.64 T 0 F (. For example:) 442.52 682.64 T 2 F 7.23 (blockrun eyuvtojpeg 2 13 19 3) 342.71 669.64 P (flow=.yuv flow=.jpg) 314.36 658.64 T 0 F (will run:) 342.71 632.64 T 2 F (eyuvtojpeg flow13.yuv flow13.jpg) 342.71 606.64 T (eyuvtojpeg flow16.yuv flow16.jpg) 342.71 593.64 T (eyuvtojpeg flow19.yuv flow19.jpg) 342.71 580.64 T 0 12 Q (6.6 vidtoppm) 314.36 553.31 T 0 10 Q (Usage:) 342.71 527.64 T 2 F 10.05 (vidtoppm filename width height) 342.71 514.64 P (start end outbase [quality]) 314.36 503.64 T 0 F 0.39 (This takes as input a .vid file of given) 342.71 477.64 P 2 F 0.94 (height) 499.45 477.64 P 0 F 0.39 ( and) 535.43 477.64 P 2 F 2.91 (width) 314.36 466.64 P 0 F 1.22 (, and turns them into a bunch of ppm files named) 344.35 466.64 P 2 F (outbase) 314.36 455.64 T 0 F (.N, where N is a number from) 356.34 455.64 T 2 F (start) 478.74 455.64 T 0 F ( to) 508.73 455.64 T 2 F (end) 521.5 455.64 T 0 F (.) 539.49 455.64 T 0 12 Q (6.7 vidtojpeg) 314.36 428.31 T 0 10 Q (Usage:) 342.71 402.64 T 2 F 8.05 (vidtojpeg filename width height) 342.71 389.64 P (start end outbase [quality]) 314.36 378.64 T 0 F 2.83 (This is the same as vidtoppm, except it outputs) 342.71 352.64 P (JPEG files instead of PPM files.) 314.36 341.64 T 0 12 Q (6.8 vidtoeyuv) 314.36 314.31 T 0 10 Q (Usage:) 342.71 288.64 T 2 F 8.05 (vidtoeyuv filename width height) 342.71 275.64 P (start nth outbase [quality]) 314.36 264.64 T 0 F 0.39 (This takes as input a .vid file of given) 342.71 238.64 P 2 F 0.94 (height) 499.45 238.64 P 0 F 0.39 ( and) 535.43 238.64 P 2 F 3.58 (width) 314.36 227.64 P 0 F 1.49 (, and turns them into a bunch of yuv files named) 344.35 227.64 P 2 F 2.87 (outbase) 314.36 216.64 P 0 F 1.2 (.N, where N is a number from) 356.34 216.64 P 2 F 2.87 (start) 487.12 216.64 P 0 F 1.2 ( to) 517.1 216.64 P 2 F 2.87 (end) 532.27 216.64 P 0 F 1.2 (,) 550.26 216.64 P (skipping by) 314.36 205.64 T 2 F (nth) 363.79 205.64 T 0 F (.) 381.77 205.64 T 0 12 Q (6.8 PBMPLUS) 314.36 176.31 T 0 10 Q -0.04 (There is a very useful package called pbmplus avail-) 342.71 150.64 P 1.46 (able for ftp \050ee.utah.edu:/pbmplus for example\051. This has) 314.36 139.64 P 0.31 (conversions from TIFF, GIF, and many other common for-) 314.36 128.64 P 0.86 (mats to PPMs, which the encoder can read. You can even) 314.36 117.64 P 0.58 (keep the originals in their own format, and do conversions) 314.36 106.64 P (via) 314.36 95.64 T 2 F (INPUT_CONVERT.) 329.07 95.64 T FMENDPAGE %%EndPage: "10" 9 %%Page: "9" 9 612 792 0 FMBEGINPAGE 57.97 26.65 554.03 40.82 R 7 X 0 K V 0 10 Q 0 X (9) 303.5 34.15 T 56.69 54.99 297.64 735.31 R 7 X V 0 X 0.08 (ating input files must work on the remote machine. Also the) 56.69 728.64 P 1.78 (USER_DATA and CDL_FILE files must be available on) 56.69 717.64 P 2.53 (the remote sites as specified in the parameter file. This) 56.69 706.64 P (should be fixed in future versions.) 56.69 695.64 T 1 12 Q (4. Performance) 56.69 668.31 T 0 10 Q 1.23 (Table seven shows a comparison of sequential per-) 85.04 641.64 P (formance on different machine types.) 56.69 630.64 T 1.31 (Parallel performance is dependent not only on pro-) 85.04 422.64 P 1.87 (cessor performance, but network performance. If you are) 56.69 411.64 P -0.21 (using a 10 Mb/s Ethernet, don\325t expect to get better than 4 or) 56.69 400.64 P 0.89 (5 frames per second -- no matter how fast your processors) 56.69 389.64 P (are.) 56.69 378.64 T 2.5 (Parallel performance is also greatly dependent on) 85.04 365.64 P 1.16 (how big the input files are \050YUV is better than PPM, and) 56.69 354.64 P 0.81 (JPEG is better than both\051, and how big the output files are) 56.69 343.64 P (\050better compression will lead to less I/O\051.) 56.69 332.64 T 1 12 Q (5. Other Options) 56.69 305.31 T 0 10 Q -0 (This section gives example of some more rarely used) 85.04 278.64 P 0.12 (options in the parameter \336le, such as customizing the Quan-) 56.69 267.64 P (tization tables, or setting the aspect ratio.) 56.69 256.64 T 0 12 Q (5.1 Custom Quantization T) 56.69 229.31 T (ables \050parameter \336le\051) 186.45 229.31 T 0 10 Q (You can specify your own custom quantization tables.) 56.69 206.64 T -0.31 (Currently you can only do this once per MPEG file.) 56.69 194.64 P -0.31 ( Y) 260.99 194.64 P -0.31 (ou can) 269.39 194.64 P -0.06 (specify both Intra- and Non-intra quantization tables. If you) 56.69 182.64 P -0.44 (don\325) 56.69 170.64 P -0.44 (t specify them, then the default tables are used \050c.f. page) 74.83 170.64 P (D-16, D-17 of the standard\051.) 56.69 158.64 T (Usage:) 85.04 141.64 T 2 F (IQTABLE) 85.04 115.64 T (table row 1) 85.04 102.64 T (table row 2) 85.04 89.64 T (...) 85.04 76.64 T (table row 8) 85.04 63.64 T 100.63 478.31 253.7 484.31 C 0 0 612 792 C 0 10 Q 0 X 0 K 0.06 (a. Macroblocks per second; a) 118.63 471.64 P 1.5 (320x240 pixel image is 300) 118.63 459.64 P (macroblocks per frame.) 118.63 447.64 T 1 12 Q (T) 99.59 594.31 T (able 7: Machine Comparison) 106.49 594.31 T 0 10 Q (Machine) 121.41 572.64 T (MPS) 203.66 572.64 T 0 8 Q (a) 223.66 576.64 T 0 10 Q (HP 9000/755) 120.13 554.64 T (280) 207.94 554.64 T (DEC 3000/400) 112.92 538.64 T (247) 207.94 538.64 T (HP 9000/750) 120.13 522.64 T (191) 207.94 522.64 T (Sparc 10) 137.91 506.64 T (104) 207.94 506.64 T (DEC 5000) 130.69 490.64 T (68) 210.44 490.64 T 100.63 584.06 100.63 484.56 2 L V 0.5 H 0 Z N 177.16 584.56 177.16 484.06 2 L V N 253.7 584.06 253.7 484.56 2 L V N 100.38 584.31 253.95 584.31 2 L V N 100.88 565.56 253.45 565.56 2 L V N 100.88 563.06 253.45 563.06 2 L V N 100.38 548.31 253.95 548.31 2 L V N 100.38 532.31 253.95 532.31 2 L V N 100.38 516.31 253.95 516.31 2 L V N 100.38 500.31 253.95 500.31 2 L V N 100.38 484.31 253.95 484.31 2 L V N 314.36 54.99 552.76 735.31 R 7 X V 0 X 0.96 (This specifies the intra-coding quantization table \050I) 342.71 715.64 P 0.01 (frames and I-blocks in P and B frames\051. Each) 314.36 704.64 P 2 F 0.03 (table row) 498.76 704.64 P 0 F (is simply 8 integers, separated by tabs and/or spaces.) 314.36 693.64 T (Usage:) 342.71 680.64 T 2 F (NIQTABLE) 342.71 654.64 T (table row 1) 342.71 641.64 T (table row 2) 342.71 628.64 T (...) 342.71 615.64 T (table row 8) 342.71 602.64 T 0 F 4.63 (This specifies the non-intra-coding quantization) 342.71 576.64 P (table \050difference vectors in P and B frames\051.) 314.36 565.64 T 0 12 Q (5.2 Aspect Ratio \050parameter \336le\051) 314.36 538.31 T 0 10 Q (Y) 340.16 512.64 T (ou can specify the aspect ratio to be one of the) 346.37 512.64 T (fourteen legal values as speci\336ed in the standard \050c.f.) 314.36 500.64 T (Section 2.4.3.2\051. This sets the requested aspect ration for) 314.36 488.64 T (playback.) 314.36 476.64 T 0 12 Q (Usage:) 340.16 463.31 T (ASPECT_RA) 340.16 449.31 T (TIO \337oat) 406.13 449.31 T 2 10 Q 8.03 (float) 342.71 436.64 P 0 F 3.34 ( is one of {1.0, 0.6735, 0.7031, 0.7615,) 372.69 436.64 P 2.25 (0.8055, 0.8437, 0.8935, 0.9157, 0.9815, 1.0255, 1.0695,) 314.36 425.64 P (1.0950, 1.1575, 1.2015}.) 314.36 414.64 T 0 12 Q (5.3 Frame Rate \050parameter \336le\051) 314.36 374.31 T 0 10 Q -0 (You can specify the frame rate to be one of the eight) 342.71 348.64 P 1.97 (legal values \050c.f. Section 2.4.3.2\051. This is used by some) 314.36 337.64 P (playback systems to gauge the playback rate.) 314.36 326.64 T (Usage:) 342.71 313.64 T 2 F (FRAME_RATE float) 342.71 300.64 T 4.91 (float) 342.71 287.64 P 0 F 2.05 ( is one of {23.976, 24, 25, 29.97, 30, 50,) 372.69 287.64 P (59.94, 60}.) 314.36 276.64 T 0 12 Q (5.4 Floating Point DCT \050command line\051) 314.36 249.31 T 0 10 Q 2.13 (The encoder normally uses a quick algorithm for) 342.71 236.64 P 2.06 (forward and reverse DCTs. However, in sequences with) 314.36 225.64 P 0.5 (many P frames, this can result in errors when decoded ref-) 314.36 214.64 P 0.4 (erence frames are used. To use the \050slow\051 double precision) 314.36 203.64 P (accurate dcts, use the following flag:) 314.36 192.64 T (Usage:) 342.71 179.64 T (mpeg_encode -float_dct) 342.71 166.64 T 1 12 Q (6. Other T) 314.36 139.31 T (ools) 366.89 139.31 T 0 10 Q (The misc/ directory contains several useful tools.) 314.36 112.64 T 0 12 Q (6.1 ppmtoeyuv) 314.36 83.31 T FMENDPAGE %%EndPage: "9" 8 %%Page: "8" 8 612 792 0 FMBEGINPAGE 57.97 26.65 554.03 40.82 R 7 X 0 K V 0 10 Q 0 X (8) 303.5 34.15 T 56.69 54.99 297.64 735.31 R 7 X V 0 X (frame-to-I-frame scale.) 56.69 728.64 T (Usage:) 85.04 715.64 T 2 F (-bit_rate_info rate_file) 85.04 702.64 T 0 F (This puts the bit rate info into the specified file) 85.04 689.64 T (\050order of info, etc.\051) 85.04 676.64 T 1 12 Q (3. Parallel Usage) 56.69 641.31 T 0 10 Q 1.03 (In parallel execution there are slave processes. You) 85.04 610.64 P (can have those processes run nicely if you want.) 56.69 599.64 T (Usage:) 85.04 586.64 T 2 F (-nice) 85.04 573.64 T 0 F 3.56 (This makes all slave processes run nicely. This) 85.04 560.64 P 0.8 (means that interactive users take precedence, so they don\325t) 56.69 549.64 P -0.2 (feel like they\325re running in molasses. If you want to be mean) 56.69 538.64 P (to them, don\325t use this option. :-\051) 56.69 527.64 T 0 12 Q (3.1 Architecture Overview) 56.69 500.31 T 0 10 Q 1.3 (Figure 1 shows a diagram of the system architecture. The) 56.69 474.64 P -0.03 (slaves exist on the different slave machines which you spec-) 56.69 463.64 P 1.5 (ify \050see Section 3.2\051. The server processes all live on the) 56.69 452.64 P (machine you run the encoder on.) 56.69 441.64 T 0 12 Q (3.2 Specifying Slave Machines \050both\051) 56.69 412.31 T 0 10 Q 0.03 (You specify the slave machines in the parameter file.) 85.04 386.64 P -0.2 (For each slave you must specify the username to use, as well) 56.69 375.64 P 0.06 (as the executable mpeg_encode program. If a slave does not) 56.69 364.64 P 1.52 (have NFS access, then it is REMOTE and you must also) 56.69 353.64 P (specify where the parameter file is.) 56.69 342.64 T (Usage:) 85.04 316.64 T 2 F (PARALLEL) 85.04 303.64 T (slave_specification) 85.04 290.64 T (END_PARALLEL) 85.04 277.64 T (slave_specification) 85.04 251.64 T 0 F ( can be either:) 198.98 251.64 T 2 F (machine username executable) 85.04 238.64 T 0 F (or) 85.04 225.64 T 2 F 2.9 (REMOTE machine username executable) 85.04 212.64 P (param_file) 56.69 201.64 T 0 F 0.76 (You must have an account with the given username) 85.04 175.64 P 0.06 (on each machine, and you must place your machine/login in) 56.69 164.64 P (the appropriate .rhosts files.) 56.69 153.64 T 1.59 (To make it easier to run experiments with varying) 85.04 127.64 P 1.35 (numbers of processors, there is a command-line argument) 56.69 116.64 P (which limits the number of slave machines.) 56.69 105.64 T (Usage:) 85.04 79.64 T 2 F (-max_machines num_machines) 85.04 66.64 T 314.36 54.99 552.76 735.31 R 7 X V 0 F 0 X 0.98 (This means that the encoder will use no more than) 342.71 728.64 P 2 F (num_machines) 314.36 717.64 T 0 F ( machines as slaves.) 386.32 717.64 T 0 12 Q (3.3 Remote Shell \050parameter \336le\051) 314.36 677.31 T 0 10 Q 0.98 (To run processes on the slave machines, mpeg_en-) 342.71 651.64 P 1.52 (code uses the remote shell command. On most machines) 314.36 640.64 P -0.09 (this is the command) 314.36 629.64 P 2 F -0.2 (rsh) 396.76 629.64 P 0 F -0.09 (. On HP machines, however, rsh is) 414.75 629.64 P 0.39 (the restricted shell; on HP machines, the right command to) 314.36 618.64 P (use is) 314.36 607.64 T 2 F (remsh) 339.35 607.64 T 0 F (, rather than) 369.33 607.64 T 2 F (rsh) 419.84 607.64 T 0 F (.) 437.83 607.64 T (Usage:) 342.71 594.64 T 2 F (RSH ) 342.71 568.64 T 0 12 Q (3.4 Scheduling Algorithms \050parameter \336le\051) 314.36 528.31 T 0 10 Q 0.87 (The encoder provides 3 different scheduling algorithms to) 314.36 502.64 P (schedule which processors get which frames.) 314.36 491.64 T 2.03 (The first scheduling algorithm simply assigns N/P) 340.16 478.64 P 0.28 (frames to each processor, where N is the number of frames) 314.36 467.64 P 0.72 (and P is the number of processors. This has the advantage) 314.36 456.64 P -0.01 (of minimal overhead, but only works well when all the pro-) 314.36 445.64 P 0.3 (cessors run at nearly the same speed. Also, since most pro-) 314.36 434.64 P 0.37 (cessors will finish at about the same time, you will have to) 314.36 423.64 P 1.41 (wait at the end while the Combine Server gathers all the) 314.36 412.64 P (frame files together.) 314.36 401.64 T (Usage:) 340.16 388.64 T (PARALLEL_PERFECT) 340.16 375.64 T 3.6 (The second scheduling algorithm first assigns S) 340.16 349.64 P -0.09 (frames to each processor. When a processor is finished, it is) 314.36 338.64 P 1.49 (assigned T seconds of work \050the scheduler estimates this) 314.36 327.64 P 1.97 (based on previous performance\051. S should be at least 3,) 314.36 316.64 P 0.37 (preferably at least 5 or 6, to insure a good estimate of each) 314.36 305.64 P (processor\325s speed.) 314.36 294.64 T (Usage:) 340.16 281.64 T (PARALLEL_TEST_FRAMES S) 340.16 268.64 T (PARALLEL_TIME_CHUNKS T) 340.16 255.64 T 0.79 (The third scheduling algorithm is probably the best.) 340.16 229.64 P 2.43 (It also first assigns S frames to each processor. Subse-) 314.36 218.64 P 3.44 (quently, however, whenever a processor finishes, it is) 314.36 207.64 P 1.1 (assigned enough work to keep it busy until almost every-) 314.36 196.64 P 2.04 (thing is done. Effectively, a processor is assigned many) 314.36 185.64 P -0.06 (frames, and then fewer and fewer frames as more work gets) 314.36 174.64 P 2.92 (done. This insures good load balancing, while limiting) 314.36 163.64 P (scheduling overhead.) 314.36 152.64 T (Usage:) 340.16 139.64 T (PARALLEL_TEST_FRAMES S) 340.16 126.64 T (PARALLEL_CHUNK_TAPER) 340.16 113.64 T 0 12 Q (3.5 Parallel problems \050parameter \336le\051) 314.36 86.31 T 0 10 Q 8.16 (There are some unsupported features using) 340.16 73.64 P -0.18 (REMOTE to specify slaves: The \324command\324 form of gener-) 314.36 62.64 P FMENDPAGE %%EndPage: "8" 7 %%Page: "7" 7 612 792 0 FMBEGINPAGE 57.97 26.65 554.03 40.82 R 7 X 0 K V 0 10 Q 0 X (7) 303.5 34.15 T 56.69 54.99 297.64 477.36 R 7 X V 0 X (you can specify frame files to combine.) 56.69 470.69 T 1.11 (The parameter file may specify input frame files in) 85.04 457.69 P 0.94 (the same manner as normal input files -- except instead of) 56.69 446.69 P 7.11 (using INPUT_DIR, INPUT, and END_INPUT, use) 56.69 435.69 P 28.3 (FRAME_INPUT_DIR, FRAME_INPUT, and) 56.69 424.69 P 1.83 (FRAME_END_INPUT. If no input frame files are speci-) 56.69 413.69 P 0.16 (fied, then the default is to use the output file name with suf-) 56.69 402.69 P (fix \322.frame.\323 starting from 0 as the input files.) 56.69 391.69 T 0 12 Q (2.15 Stats and Other Options \050command line\051) 56.69 364.36 T 0 10 Q 0.43 (There are several options for printing or suppressing) 85.04 338.69 P (useful information.) 56.69 327.69 T 0.75 (The encoder always prints \050to stdout\051 parameter file) 85.04 314.69 P 2.87 (information and statistics about how many I, P, and B) 56.69 303.69 P 0.8 (frames there were, and information about compression and) 56.69 292.69 P 2.31 (quality. You can send these statistics, in addition to the) 56.69 281.69 P (screen, to a file.) 56.69 270.69 T (Usage:) 85.04 257.69 T 2 F ( -stat stat_file) 110.83 244.69 T 0 F 2.56 (This appends the parameter file info and stats to) 85.04 231.69 P 2 F (stat_file) 56.69 220.69 T 0 F 0.87 (Normally, the statistics do not include any informa-) 85.04 194.69 P 1.77 (tion about quality. This is because computing the quality) 56.69 183.69 P 2.02 (takes a little more time. If you wish to have the quality) 56.69 172.69 P 1.17 (included in the statistics, use the -snr command line argu-) 56.69 161.69 P (ment.) 56.69 150.69 T (Usage:) 85.04 137.69 T 2 F (-snr) 85.04 124.69 T 0 F 1.78 (This prints the signal-to-noise ratio \050snr\051 and peak) 85.04 111.69 P (snr.) 56.69 100.69 T 3.69 (An additional statistic measure is mean squared) 85.04 74.69 P 0.78 (error. If you wish to see the per-block mean squared error,) 56.69 63.69 P 314.36 54.99 552.76 477.36 R 7 X V 0 X (use the -mse command line flag \050sets -snr as a side effect\051.) 314.36 470.69 T (Usage:) 342.71 457.69 T 2 F (-mse) 342.71 444.69 T 0 F (This prints the MSE for each block encoded) 342.71 431.69 T 1.02 (Another set of data which can be useful is a histo-) 342.71 418.69 P 0.44 (gram of the motion vectors. The encoder can keep track of) 314.36 407.69 P -0.16 (P-frame motion vectors and forward and backward B-frame) 314.36 396.69 P 0.4 (motion vectors. The output is in the form of a matrix, each) 314.36 385.69 P 0.98 (entry corresponding to a motion vector in the search win-) 314.36 374.69 P 0.49 (dow. The center of the matrix represents \0500,0\051 motion vec-) 314.36 363.69 P (tors.) 314.36 352.69 T (Usage:) 342.71 339.69 T 2 F (-mv_histogram) 342.71 326.69 T 0 F 1.47 (During normal execution, the encoder outputs two) 342.71 300.69 P 0.58 (kinds of information. It prints a single line for each frame,) 314.36 289.69 P 0.86 (summarizing block type and time info. It also prints, after) 314.36 278.69 P -0.07 (each frame, an estimate of the remaining running time. You) 314.36 267.69 P (can modify how often or if this information is to be shown.) 314.36 256.69 T (Usage:) 342.71 243.69 T 2 F ( -quiet num) 342.71 230.69 T ( -no_frame_summary) 342.71 217.69 T (-realquiet) 349.8 204.69 T 0 F -0.13 (If) 342.71 191.69 P 2 F -0.31 (num) 351.74 191.69 P 0 F -0.13 ( is negative, the time estimate is never shown;) 369.73 191.69 P 1.94 (otherwise, it reports a time estimate no more often than) 314.36 180.69 P 1.22 (every) 314.36 169.69 P 2 F 2.92 (num) 340.27 169.69 P 0 F 1.22 ( seconds \050unless the time estimate rises, which) 358.26 169.69 P 1 (will happen near the beginning of the run\051. The default is) 314.36 158.69 P 2 F (num) 314.36 147.69 T 0 F ( = 0, which means report after every frame.) 332.35 147.69 T 1.08 (If) 342.71 134.69 P 2 F 2.59 (-no_frame_summary) 352.94 134.69 P 0 F 1.08 ( is given, then informa-) 454.89 134.69 P (tion about each frame is not printed.) 314.36 123.69 T 2 F 10.05 (-realquiet stops all printing,) 342.71 110.69 P (other than error messages.) 314.36 99.69 T 0 F 1 (Another nice feature is that the encoder can output) 342.71 73.69 P 0.75 (the bit rate, on both a frame-to-frame scale, and also an I-) 314.36 62.69 P 385.51 518.46 470.55 575.15 R 7 X V 0.5 H 0 Z 0 X N 141.05 721.49 294.05 766.49 18 RR 7 X V 0 X N 1 18 Q (Master Server) 165.05 738.43 T 102.05 623.49 181.05 660.49 R 7 X V 0 X N (Slave) 121.05 637.49 T 452.05 625.49 531.05 662.49 R 7 X V 0 X N (Slave) 471.05 639.49 T 333.05 624.49 412.05 661.49 R 7 X V 0 X N (Slave) 352.05 638.49 T 218.05 623.49 297.05 660.49 R 7 X V 0 X N (Slave) 237.05 637.49 T 147.47 523.06 300.47 568.06 18 RR 7 X V 0 X N (Combine Server) 165.31 539.33 T 498.64 673.25 501.04 661.49 492.77 670.19 495.71 671.72 4 Y V 472.44 709.73 470.04 721.49 478.31 712.79 475.37 711.26 4 Y V 495.71 671.72 475.38 711.26 2 L 7 X V 0 X N 137.07 670.41 129.04 661.49 131.12 673.31 134.09 671.86 4 Y V 149.02 710.57 157.04 719.49 154.97 707.67 151.99 709.12 4 Y V 134.1 671.86 152 709.12 2 L 7 X V 0 X N 164.04 661.55 152.04 661.49 162.18 667.9 163.11 664.73 4 Y V 344.03 719.43 356.03 719.49 345.89 713.08 344.96 716.26 4 Y V 163.12 664.72 344.98 716.25 2 L 7 X V 0 X N 392.55 667.26 382.02 661.5 387.89 671.96 390.22 669.61 4 Y V 430.5 714.73 441.02 720.49 435.15 710.03 432.82 712.38 4 Y V 390.24 669.6 432.85 712.37 2 L 7 X V 0 X N 277.89 664.38 266.04 662.49 275.09 670.37 276.49 667.37 4 Y V 377.19 717.6 389.04 719.49 379.98 711.61 378.59 714.61 4 Y V 276.5 667.37 378.6 714.61 2 L 7 X V 0 X N 241.78 672.73 248.04 662.49 237.31 667.86 239.55 670.29 4 Y V 192.3 709.25 186.04 719.49 196.78 714.12 194.54 711.69 4 Y V 239.55 670.29 194.54 711.69 2 L 7 X V 0 X N 353.94 670.32 363.03 662.49 351.17 664.31 352.56 667.32 4 Y V 245.13 712.66 236.04 720.49 247.9 718.67 246.52 715.67 4 Y V 352.57 667.31 246.52 715.66 2 L 7 X V 0 X N 470.93 667.95 481.05 661.49 469.05 661.61 469.99 664.78 4 Y V 287.16 714.03 277.05 720.49 289.05 720.37 288.1 717.2 4 Y V 469.99 664.78 288.1 717.2 2 L 7 X V 0 X N 336.05 720.49 489.05 765.49 18 RR 7 X V 0 X N (Decode Server) 360.05 737.43 T 134.71 613.56 130.39 624.76 139.99 617.55 137.35 615.56 4 Y V 168.59 579.26 172.91 568.07 163.31 575.27 165.95 577.27 4 Y V 137.35 615.56 165.96 577.26 2 L 7 X V 0 X N 234.18 617.55 243.77 624.76 239.45 613.56 236.82 615.56 4 Y V 210.85 575.27 201.26 568.07 205.58 579.26 208.21 577.27 4 Y V 236.82 615.56 208.22 577.26 2 L 7 X V 0 X N 352.39 622.81 364.23 624.77 355.23 616.83 353.81 619.82 4 Y V 255.6 570.03 243.76 568.08 252.77 576.01 254.18 573.02 4 Y V 353.83 619.81 254.2 573.01 2 L 7 X V 0 X N 465.63 624.68 477.63 624.76 467.5 618.33 466.56 621.51 4 Y V 291.21 568.14 279.21 568.07 289.34 574.49 290.28 571.32 4 Y V 466.57 621.51 290.28 571.31 2 L 7 X V 0 X N 393.94 616.24 385.49 624.76 397.17 622.01 395.55 619.12 4 Y V 440.83 597.86 449.27 589.33 437.59 592.09 439.21 594.98 4 Y V 395.57 619.11 439.23 594.97 2 L 7 X V 0 X N 281.34 617.08 272.12 624.76 284.01 623.14 282.67 620.11 4 Y V 376.28 582.84 385.5 575.16 373.61 576.78 374.94 579.81 4 Y V 282.68 620.1 374.96 579.8 2 L 7 X V 0 X N 168.9 618.38 158.74 624.76 170.74 624.73 169.82 621.56 4 Y V 375.34 567.36 385.51 560.98 373.51 561 374.43 564.18 4 Y V 169.82 621.55 374.43 564.18 2 L 7 X V 0 X N 312.01 543.5 300.47 546.8 312.01 550.11 312.01 546.8 4 Y V 373.98 550.11 385.51 546.8 373.98 543.5 373.98 546.8 4 Y V 312.01 546.8 373.98 546.8 2 L 7 X V 0 X N 302.9 498.61 259.93 498.61 2 L V 1.14 H N 1 12 Q (Figure 1) 259.93 499.8 T 385.51 498.49 302.9 498.49 2 L V 0.59 H N 0 F (: Network Model) 302.9 499.8 T 495.43 619 505.95 624.77 500.08 614.3 497.76 616.65 4 Y V 473.96 588.02 463.44 582.25 469.3 592.72 471.63 590.37 4 Y V 497.79 616.64 471.66 590.35 2 L 7 X V 0.5 H 0 X N 1 18 Q (Disk) 410.52 530.49 T 7 X 90 450 42.52 14.17 428.03 575.15 G 0 X 90 450 42.52 14.17 428.03 575.15 A 7 X 180 270 42.94 21.26 428.45 521.28 G 2 Z 0 X 180 270 42.94 21.26 428.45 521.28 A 7 X 270 360 42.94 21.26 427.68 521.61 G 0 X 270 360 42.94 21.26 427.68 521.61 A FMENDPAGE %%EndPage: "7" 6 %%Page: "6" 6 612 792 0 FMBEGINPAGE 57.97 26.65 554.03 40.82 R 7 X 0 K V 0 10 Q 0 X (6) 303.5 34.15 T 56.69 54.99 297.64 735.31 R 7 X V 0 X 3.03 (number\051. This field entry can be changed by adding a) 56.69 728.64 P 1.27 (USER_DATA parameter whose vale is the name of a file) 56.69 717.64 P (continuing the data to add to the header.) 56.69 706.64 T (Usage:) 85.04 693.64 T (USER_DATA ./user_data.txt) 85.04 667.64 T 0 12 Q (2.1) 56.69 640.31 T (1 Compression Decision List \050CDL, also) 71.24 640.31 T (Speci\336cs File \050parameter \336le\051\051) 56.69 626.31 T 0 10 Q 0.18 (If you want to be very exact in what is set during the) 85.04 599.64 P 1.71 (encoding, use CDL_FILE \050the older SPECIFICS_FILE is) 56.69 588.64 P 0.18 (supported as well\051 to point to a file describing the exact set-) 56.69 577.64 P 0.22 (tings wished for the encoding. The version 1.0 of CDL sup-) 56.69 566.64 P (port has the following format:) 56.69 555.64 T (version 1) 85.04 542.64 T (frame FN T Q) 85.04 529.64 T (slice SN Q) 85.04 516.64 T (block BN Q | BN Q skip | BN Q bi fx fy bx by |) 85.04 503.64 T (BN Q forw fx fy | BN Q back bx by) 109.7 490.64 T 3.51 (FN, SN, and BN signal which frame/slice/block) 85.04 477.64 P 1.64 (number the command applies to. Note that if you have a) 56.69 466.64 P 2.22 (block or slice command, must be proceeded by a frame) 56.69 455.64 P 0.63 (command for that frame. T sets the type of the frame \050I, P,) 56.69 444.64 P -0.06 (B, or - to not set\051. Q sets the q-scale \0501-31 or +N -N for rela-) 56.69 433.64 P 0.17 (tive scaling, or 0 for no change\051. The detailed block specifi-) 56.69 422.64 P 2.81 (cations set the motion vectors \050in half-pixel units\051. See) 56.69 411.64 P (specifications.c for more information.) 56.69 400.64 T 2.25 (Version 2 CDL files have relative Qscales, so \3222) 85.04 387.64 P 1.89 (\322means decrease the Qscale by 2, \3222\323 means increase it.) 56.69 376.64 P (Unsigned numbers like \3224\323 set the Qscale \050to 4\051.) 56.69 365.64 T (Usage:) 85.04 352.64 T (CDL_FILE filename) 85.04 326.64 T (CDL_DEFINES string) 85.04 313.64 T 3 (where filename contains the specifics, and string) 85.04 300.64 P 0.61 (\050optional\051 are defines to be passed to the C preprocessor to) 56.69 289.64 P (use on the file \050-Db=block for example\051.) 56.69 278.64 T 0 12 Q (2.12 Gamma Correction \050parameter \336le\051) 56.69 251.31 T 0 10 Q -0.13 (If your movies are too light or too dark for your play-) 85.04 224.64 P (back system, you can pre-gamma correct them.) 56.69 213.64 T (Usage:) 85.04 200.64 T 2 F (GAMMA gamma-val) 85.04 174.64 T 0 F 1.5 (gamma-corrects by raising each luminance fraction) 85.04 161.64 P (to the power) 56.69 150.64 T 2 F (gamma-val) 109.15 150.64 T 0 F (\050a float\051) 169.12 150.64 T 0.18 (This works by converting the luminance \050brightness\051) 85.04 137.64 P -0.17 (of the input image to a fraction zero to one, and then raises it) 56.69 126.64 P -0.17 (to the power) 56.69 115.64 P 2 F -0.4 (gamma-val) 108.65 115.64 P 0 F -0.17 (. Thus values less than 1 brighten,) 162.62 115.64 P 2.36 (and greater than 1 dim. If your output device has good) 56.69 104.64 P 0.92 (brightness controls, it is better to control brightness at that) 56.69 93.64 P (end.) 56.69 82.64 T 314.36 54.99 552.76 735.31 R 7 X V 0 12 Q 0 X (2.13 Encoding GOPs at a T) 314.36 727.31 T (ime \050command line\051) 445.86 727.31 T 0 10 Q 2.65 (Instead of encoding an entire sequence, you can) 342.71 700.64 P 1.57 (encode a single GOP. GOPs can later be joined together) 314.36 689.64 P (with the encoder to form an MPEG file.) 314.36 678.64 T (Usage:) 342.71 665.64 T 2 F (-gop num) 342.71 652.64 T 0 F 1.81 (This only encodes the numbered GOP \050which are) 342.71 639.64 P (numbered beginning at 0.) 314.36 628.64 T 1.2 (The output file will be the normal output filename) 342.71 615.64 P (with the suffix \322.gop.\323) 314.36 604.64 T 1.18 (GOP files can be joined at any time using the fol-) 342.71 578.64 P (lowing command-line argument.) 314.36 567.64 T (Usage:) 342.71 554.64 T 2 F (-combine_gops) 342.71 541.64 T 0 F 2.05 (This causes the encoder to simply combine some) 342.71 528.64 P 0.52 (GOP files into a single MPEG stream. A sequence header/) 314.36 517.64 P 0.03 (ender are inserted. In this case, the parameter file need only) 314.36 506.64 P 0.18 (contain the YUV_SIZE value, an output file, and perhaps a) 314.36 495.64 P 0.21 (list of input GOP files. If no list of input GOP files is used,) 314.36 484.64 P 0.45 (then the encoder assumes you\325re using the same parameter) 314.36 473.64 P -0.08 (file you used with the) 314.36 462.64 P 2 F -0.19 (-gop) 403.08 462.64 P 0 F -0.08 (option, and calculates the cor-) 432.88 462.64 P 0.52 (responding gop filenames itself. If this is not the case, you) 314.36 451.64 P 0.58 (can specify input GOP files in the same manner as normal) 314.36 440.64 P 0.44 (input files -- except instead of using INPUT_DIR, INPUT,) 314.36 429.64 P 1.79 (and END_INPUT, use GOP_INPUT_DIR, GOP_INPUT,) 314.36 418.64 P 1.38 (and GOP_END_INPUT. If no input GOP files are speci-) 314.36 407.64 P -0.05 (fied, then the default is to use the output file name with suf-) 314.36 396.64 P (fix \322.gop.\323 starting from 0 as the input files.) 314.36 385.64 T 4.1 (Thus, to summarize, unless you\325re mixing and) 342.71 372.64 P 0.2 (matching GOP files from different sources, you can simply) 314.36 361.64 P 1.37 (use the same parameter file for the) 314.36 350.64 P 2 F 3.28 (-gop) 464.63 350.64 P 0 F 1.37 ( and) 488.62 350.64 P 2 F 3.28 (-combi-) 510.78 350.64 P (ne_gops) 314.36 339.64 T 0 F ( options.) 356.34 339.64 T 0 12 Q (2.14 Encoding Frames at a T) 314.36 299.31 T (ime \050command line\051) 452.51 299.31 T 0 10 Q 2.65 (Instead of encoding an entire sequence, you can) 342.71 273.64 P 0.34 (encode individual frames. These frames can later be joined) 314.36 262.64 P (together to form an MPEG file.) 314.36 251.64 T (Usage:) 342.71 238.64 T (-frames first_frame last_frame) 342.71 225.64 T 2.37 (This causes the encoder to encode the numbered) 342.71 212.64 P (frames in the given range, inclusive.) 314.36 201.64 T 0.89 (The output will be placed in separate files, one per) 342.71 188.64 P 0.21 (frame, with the filenames being the normal output file with) 314.36 177.64 P (the suffix \322.frame.\323) 314.36 166.64 T (The frame files can later be combined as follows:) 342.71 140.64 T (Usage:) 342.71 127.64 T (-combine_frames) 342.71 114.64 T 2.05 (This causes the encoder to simply combine some) 342.71 101.64 P 2.21 (frames into a single MPEG stream. Sequence and GOP) 314.36 90.64 P 1.11 (headers are inserted appropriately. You can either use the) 314.36 79.64 P 1.39 (same parameter file for -frames and -combine_frames, or) 314.36 68.64 P FMENDPAGE %%EndPage: "6" 5 %%Page: "5" 5 612 792 0 FMBEGINPAGE 57.97 26.65 554.03 40.82 R 7 X 0 K V 0 10 Q 0 X (5) 303.5 34.15 T 72 72 297 732.47 R 7 X V 2 F 0 X (sflowg.07.yuv) 100.35 725.81 T (sflowg.08.yuv) 100.35 712.81 T (sflowg.09.yuv) 100.35 699.81 T (sflowg.10.yuv) 100.35 686.81 T 0 F 1.37 (If there is no star, then the file name is simple) 100.35 660.81 P 0.99 (repeated the appropriate number of times \050[1-10] is 10) 72 649.81 P (times\051.) 72 638.81 T -0.18 (Commands can be used to dynamically create the) 100.35 625.81 P (list of files, for example:) 72 614.81 T 2 F (INPUT) 100.35 588.81 T (\324ls July-*.ppm\324) 100.35 575.81 T (\324cat file-list\324) 100.35 562.81 T (END_INPUT) 100.35 549.81 T 0 F 1.41 (The command\050s\051 will be executed in the direc-) 100.35 523.81 P 0.44 (tory named by INPUT_DIR if it appears before INPUT) 72 512.81 P 2.09 (in the parameter file. Note that the encoder-provided) 72 501.81 P (filling in of *\325s is not supported in this mode.) 72 490.81 T 0.36 (The encoder allows you to use other file formats) 100.35 477.81 P 1.61 (by providing an input conversion specifier. You must) 72 466.81 P 0.18 (describe how to convert the input format into one of the) 72 455.81 P (base file types.) 72 444.81 T 2 F (Usage:) 100.35 431.81 T (INPUT_CONVERT conversion) 100.35 405.81 T 3.25 (conversion) 100.35 379.81 P 0 F 1.35 ( must be a multi-star expression.) 160.31 379.81 P -0.16 (If) 72 368.81 P 2 F -0.37 (conversion) 81 368.81 P 0 F -0.16 ( is simply \324*\325, then no conversion takes) 140.97 368.81 P 0.92 (place. Otherwise, each of the file lines are replaced by) 72 357.81 P 0.3 (the conversion line with the file name wherever there is) 72 346.81 P 0.88 (a \324*\325. The conversion line must send the output to std-) 72 335.81 P -0.12 (out. For example, suppose we have a bunch of GIF files.) 72 324.81 P (Then we would do:) 72 313.81 T 2 F (BASE_FILE_FORMAT) 100.35 300.81 T ( PPM) 196.29 300.81 T (INPUT) 100.35 287.81 T (pictures.*.gif [0-10]) 100.35 274.81 T (END_INPUT) 100.35 261.81 T (INPUT_CONVERT giftoppm *) 100.35 248.81 T 0 F 0.9 (Another example: Suppose we have separate Y,) 100.35 222.81 P 1.18 (U, and V files \050where the U and V have already been) 72 211.81 P (subsampled\051. Then we might have:) 72 200.81 T 2 F (BASE_FILE_FORMAT) 100.35 187.81 T ( YUV) 196.29 187.81 T (INPUT) 100.35 174.81 T (pictures.* [0-10]) 100.35 161.81 T (END_INPUT) 100.35 148.81 T (INPUT_CONVERT cat *.Y *.U *.V) 100.35 135.81 T (YUV_FORMAT UCB) 100.35 122.81 T 0 F 0.68 (As you can see, the \322files\323 between) 100.35 109.81 P 2 F 1.63 (INPUT) 249.41 109.81 P 0 F 0.68 ( and) 279.39 109.81 P 2 F 2.41 (END_INPUT) 72 98.81 P 0 F 1 ( don\325t have to be files at all! This can be) 125.97 98.81 P (very useful.) 72 87.81 T 315 72 540 732.47 R 7 X V 0 X (To read data from standard input, set:) 343.35 712.81 T 2 F (INPUT_DIR stdin) 343.35 699.81 T 0 F 1.05 (Note that you cannot use the stdin option when) 343.35 686.81 P 0.07 (coding in parallel. \050Use GOPINPUTDIR or FRAMEIN-) 315 675.81 P (PUTDIR if combining frames/GOPs.\051) 315 664.81 T (The output file is specified by:) 343.35 638.81 T 2 F (OUTPUT filename) 343.35 625.81 T 0 F (for example:) 343.35 612.81 T 2 F (OUTPUT /u/keving/mpg/flowers.mpg) 343.35 599.81 T 0 12 Q (2.8 Original or Decoded \050parameter \336le\051) 315 559.47 T 0 10 Q 0.09 (The encoder can use either the original frames as) 343.35 532.81 P 3 (reference frames, or the decoded frames. Using the) 315 521.81 P 2.48 (decoded frames gives better playback quality, but is) 315 510.81 P 1.93 (slower and seems to give worse compression. It also) 315 499.81 P 0.63 (causes some complications with parallel encoding. \050see) 315 488.81 P 0.95 (the section on parallel encoding\051 One recommendation) 315 477.81 P 0.52 (is to use original, and lower the q-scale if the quality is) 315 466.81 P (not good enough. Table six shows the trade-offs.) 315 455.81 T (Usage:) 343.35 429.81 T 2 F (REFERENCE_FRAME ORIGINAL) 343.35 403.81 T 0 12 Q (2.9 Bit-rate Control \050parameter \336le\051) 315 272.47 T 0 10 Q 1.53 (The default encoding uses variable bit rate. To) 343.35 245.81 P 0.33 (limit the bit rate, the MPEG-2 Standard\325s algorithm has) 315 234.81 P 2.39 (been implemented \050suitably adjusted\051. There are two) 315 223.81 P (parameters which must be set to use bit-rate control:) 315 212.81 T 2 F (BUFFER_SIZE N \050in bits\051) 343.35 199.81 T (BIT_RATE M \050in bytes/sec\051) 343.35 186.81 T 0 F -0.09 (N sets the largest required buffer, M specifies the) 343.35 173.81 P 1 (continual rate. N is set in number of bits, the buffer is) 315 162.81 P (actually in 16bit ints.) 315 151.81 T 0 12 Q (2.10 Userdata \050parameter \336le\051) 315 124.47 T 0 10 Q 0.01 (An identification string is added by default to the) 343.35 97.81 P 2.96 (Sequence layer user-data field. It is \322UCB Encoder) 315 86.81 P 1.41 (Vers\323 \050where Vers is replaced by the encoder version) 315 75.81 P 1 12 Q -0.15 (T) 315 380.47 P -0.15 (able 6: Original or Decoded? \050Normalized\051) 321.9 380.47 P 0 10 Q (Reference) 323.62 352.81 T (Compress) 373.49 358.81 T (ion) 387.1 346.81 T (Speed) 429.46 352.81 T (Quality) 486.21 358.81 T (I/P/B) 490.65 346.81 T (Decoded) 329.87 328.81 T (1000) 383.49 328.81 T (1000) 431.68 328.81 T (1000/969/919) 473.44 328.81 T (Original) 332.08 312.81 T (885) 385.99 312.81 T (1373) 431.68 312.81 T (1000/912/884) 473.44 312.81 T 318.37 370.22 318.37 306.72 2 L V 0.5 H 0 Z N 369.39 370.72 369.39 306.22 2 L V N 417.58 370.72 417.58 306.22 2 L V N 465.77 370.72 465.77 306.22 2 L V N 536.63 370.22 536.63 306.72 2 L V N 318.12 370.47 536.88 370.47 2 L V N 318.62 339.72 536.38 339.72 2 L V N 318.62 337.22 536.38 337.22 2 L V N 318.12 322.47 536.88 322.47 2 L V N 318.12 306.47 536.88 306.47 2 L V N FMENDPAGE %%EndPage: "5" 4 %%Page: "4" 4 612 792 0 FMBEGINPAGE 57.97 26.65 554.03 40.82 R 7 X 0 K V 0 10 Q 0 X (4) 303.5 34.15 T 56.69 54.99 297.64 735.31 R 7 X V 0 X (A standard sequence is IBBPBBPBBPBBPB) 85.04 715.64 T (Usage:) 85.04 702.64 T 2 F (PATTERN) 85.04 676.64 T ( ) 127.02 676.64 T 0 F 1.84 (Note that if the last frame in an encoding is a B-) 85.04 650.64 P 0.07 (frame, it will not be encoded \050since it has no future frame to) 56.69 639.64 P 1.81 (reference from\051. Pre-I patters like BBIBBP are legal, but) 56.69 628.64 P 0 (seem to have bugs, so watch out! To insure that every frame) 56.69 617.64 P 0.63 (is encoded, the encoder can force the last frame to be an I-) 56.69 606.64 P (frame.) 56.69 595.64 T (Usage:) 85.04 582.64 T 2 F (FORCE_ENCODE_LAST_FRAME) 85.04 556.64 T 0 12 Q (2.7 Specifying Input Files \050parameter \336le\051) 56.69 516.31 T 0 10 Q 0.03 (The encoder can accept five base types of input files:) 85.04 489.64 P 0.08 (PPM, PNM, JMOVIE, JPEG, and YUV. Note that PPM is a) 56.69 478.64 P 1.38 (subset of PNM; the PPM option is available because it is) 56.69 467.64 P 0.49 (faster to read if the files are known to be PPM. JMOVIE is) 56.69 456.64 P 0.19 (the format created by the Parallax video grabber. JPEGs are) 56.69 445.64 P -0.06 (a standard image format. YUV formats are described below.) 56.69 434.64 P 0.98 (If you use YUV format, you must specify the pixel) 85.04 421.64 P 0.61 (size of the image in the parameter file and the YUV_FOR-) 56.69 410.64 P (MAT.) 56.69 399.64 T (Usage:) 85.04 386.64 T 2 F (BASE_FILE_FORMAT format) 85.04 360.64 T (YUV_SIZE widthxheight) 85.04 347.64 T (YUV_FORMAT yuv_format) 85.04 334.64 T 0.1 (format) 85.04 308.64 P 0 F 0.04 ( is one of {) 121.02 308.64 P 2 F 0.1 (YUV, PPM, PNM, JMOVIE,) 165.4 308.64 P (JPEG) 56.69 297.64 T 0 F (}) 80.68 297.64 T 2 F (width) 85.04 284.64 T 0 F ( and) 115.02 284.64 T 2 F (height) 134.45 284.64 T 0 F ( are integers \050like 320x240\051) 170.43 284.64 T 2 F 5.81 (yuv_format) 85.04 271.64 P 0 F 2.42 (is one of) 156.81 271.64 P 2 F 5.81 ( {ABEKAS, EYUV,) 196.07 271.64 P 1.66 (PHILLIPS, UCB, {SPECIAL}},) 56.69 260.64 P 0 F 0.69 (where) 223.59 260.64 P 2 F 1.66 ( SPECIAL) 248 260.64 P 0 F 1.83 (is a specification of the pattern of Y, U, and V, such as) 56.69 249.64 P 2 F -0.57 (UYVY) 56.69 238.64 P 0 F -0.24 (for) 86.1 238.64 P 2 F -0.57 ( ABEKAS. The pattern can be of any) 97.76 238.64 P 1.18 (length, or order, but must consist only) 56.69 227.64 P 0.15 (of Ys, Us, andVs, and must represent two) 56.69 216.64 P 3.18 (pixels of data \050thus YUVYUV for 4:4:4) 56.69 205.64 P (source\051.) 56.69 194.64 T 0 F 1.73 (You must specify the directory in which the input) 85.04 168.64 P -0.12 (files are located. You can use \324.\325 to specify the current direc-) 56.69 157.64 P (tory.) 56.69 146.64 T (Usage:) 85.04 133.64 T (INPUT_DIR directory) 85.04 107.64 T 1.08 (You must also specify the names of the files them-) 85.04 81.64 P 1.11 (selves. You list them sequentially, one per line, in display) 56.69 70.64 P 2.12 (order. There are shortcuts, however, which allow you to) 56.69 59.64 P 314.36 54.99 552.76 735.31 R 7 X V 0 X (condense many files into one line.) 314.36 728.64 T (Usage:) 342.71 715.64 T 2 F (INPUT) 342.71 689.64 T (file) 342.71 676.64 T 2 8 Q (1) 366.7 674.14 T 2 10 Q (file) 342.71 663.64 T 2 8 Q (2) 366.7 661.14 T 2 10 Q (...) 342.71 650.64 T (file) 342.71 637.64 T 2 8 Q (n) 366.7 635.14 T 2 10 Q (END_INPUT) 342.71 624.64 T 8.17 (file) 342.71 598.64 P 2 8 Q 6.53 (i) 366.7 596.14 P 0 10 Q 3.4 ( can be either a file name, a single-star) 371.49 598.64 P 0.28 (expression followed by a bracketed expansion for star, or a) 314.36 587.64 P 0.28 (command to be executed. There are two types of bracketed) 314.36 576.64 P (expansions. For example:) 314.36 565.64 T 2 F (sflowg.*.yuv [0-10]) 342.71 539.64 T 0 F (is expanded to:) 342.71 513.64 T 2 F (sflowg.0.yuv) 342.71 487.64 T (sflowg.1.yuv) 342.71 474.64 T (sflowg.2.yuv) 342.71 461.64 T (sflowg.3.yuv) 342.71 448.64 T (sflowg.4.yuv) 342.71 435.64 T (sflowg.5.yuv) 342.71 422.64 T (sflowg.6.yuv) 342.71 409.64 T (sflowg.7.yuv) 342.71 396.64 T (sflowg.8.yuv) 342.71 383.64 T (sflowg.9.yuv) 342.71 370.64 T (sflowg.10.yuv) 342.71 357.64 T (sflowg.*.yuv [0-10+3]) 342.71 331.64 T 0 F (is expanded to:) 342.71 305.64 T 2 F (sflowg.0.yuv) 342.71 279.64 T (sflowg.3.yuv) 342.71 266.64 T (sflowg.6.yuv) 342.71 253.64 T (sflowg.9.yuv) 342.71 240.64 T 0 F (Also, the encoder will pad with 0\325s if necessary:) 342.71 214.64 T 2 F (sflowg.*.yuv [00-10]) 342.71 188.64 T 0 F (is expanded to:) 342.71 162.64 T 2 F (sflowg.00.yuv) 342.71 136.64 T (sflowg.01.yuv) 342.71 123.64 T (sflowg.02.yuv) 342.71 110.64 T (sflowg.03.yuv) 342.71 97.64 T (sflowg.04.yuv) 342.71 84.64 T (sflowg.05.yuv) 342.71 71.64 T (sflowg.06.yuv) 342.71 58.64 T FMENDPAGE %%EndPage: "4" 3 %%Page: "3" 3 612 792 0 FMBEGINPAGE 57.97 26.65 554.03 40.82 R 7 X 0 K V 0 10 Q 0 X (3) 303.5 34.15 T 56.69 54.99 297.64 735.31 R 7 X V 0 X 1.31 (For some reason Simple seems to give better com-) 85.04 616.64 P (pression, but it depends on the image sequence.) 56.69 605.64 T (Usage:) 85.04 579.64 T 2 F (PSEARCH_ALG ptechnique) 85.04 553.64 T (BSEARCH_ALG btechnique) 85.04 540.64 T 0 F 0.87 (where) 85.04 514.64 P 2 F 2.08 (ptechnique) 112.82 514.64 P 0 F 0.87 (is one of {LOGARITHMIC,) 180.87 514.64 P (SUBSAMPLE, TWOLEVEL, EXHAUSTIVE}) 56.69 503.64 T 3.14 (where) 85.04 490.64 P 2 F 7.54 (btechnique) 115.1 490.64 P 0 F 3.14 ( is one of {EXHAUSTIVE,) 175.07 490.64 P (CROSS2, SIMPLE}) 56.69 479.64 T 0 12 Q (2.3 GOP \050parameter \336le\051) 56.69 439.31 T 0 10 Q 1.94 (A Group of Pictures \050GOP\051 is a roughly indepen-) 85.04 412.64 P 3.02 (dently decodable sequence of frames. An MPEG video) 56.69 401.64 P 0 (stream is made of one or more GOPs. You may specify how) 56.69 390.64 P 0.8 (many frames each GOP should be. A GOP must start with) 56.69 379.64 P 0.2 (an I-frame, and the encoder will enforce that by taking your) 56.69 368.64 P (number as the) 56.69 357.64 T 3 F (minimum) 115.26 357.64 T 0 F ( number of frames in a GOP.) 152.46 357.64 T (Usage:) 85.04 331.64 T 2 F (GOP_SIZE) 85.04 305.64 T ( num) 133.01 305.64 T 0 F (where) 85.04 292.64 T 2 F (num) 111.96 292.64 T 0 F ( = the number of frames in a GOP) 129.95 292.64 T 0 12 Q (2.4 Slice \050parameter \336le\051) 56.69 252.31 T 0 10 Q -0.25 (A slice is an independently decodable unit in a frame.) 85.04 226.64 P 0.54 (It can be as small as one macroblock, or it can be as big as) 56.69 215.64 P 1.47 (the entire frame. Barring transmission error, adding slices) 56.69 204.64 P 0.55 (does not change quality or speed; the only effect is slightly) 56.69 193.64 P -0.1 (worse compression. More slices are used for noisy transmis-) 56.69 182.64 P 2.81 (sion so that errors are more recoverable. Because most) 56.69 171.64 P 0.28 (transmission systems have more sophisticated error correct-) 56.69 160.64 P (ing routines, we usually just use one slice per frame.) 56.69 149.64 T (Usage:) 85.04 123.64 T 2 F (SLICES_PER_FRAME) 85.04 97.64 T ( num) 180.99 97.64 T 0 F (where) 85.04 84.64 T 2 F (num) 111.96 84.64 T 0 F ( is the number of slices in a frame) 129.95 84.64 T 2.31 (Note: Some MPEG playback systems require that) 85.04 58.64 P 1 12 Q (T) 76.29 727.31 T (able 4: B-frame Motion V) 83.18 727.31 T (ector Sear) 213.99 727.31 T (ch) 266.05 727.31 T (\050Normalized\051) 143.19 713.31 T 0 10 Q (T) 84.14 691.64 T (echnique) 89.54 691.64 T (Compression) 139.45 691.64 T (Speed) 204.64 691.64 T (Quality) 242.96 691.64 T (Exhaustive) 86.23 673.64 T (1000) 155.83 673.64 T (?) 214.63 673.64 T (1000) 247.96 673.64 T (Cross2) 102.88 657.64 T (975) 158.33 657.64 T (1000) 206.86 657.64 T (996) 250.46 657.64 T (Simple) 102.32 641.64 T (938) 158.33 641.64 T (1765) 206.86 641.64 T (991) 250.46 641.64 T 75.12 703.06 75.12 635.56 2 L V 0.5 H 0 Z N 134.65 703.56 134.65 635.06 2 L V N 197.01 703.56 197.01 635.06 2 L V N 236.69 703.56 236.69 635.06 2 L V N 279.21 703.06 279.21 635.56 2 L V N 74.87 703.31 279.46 703.31 2 L V N 75.37 684.56 278.96 684.56 2 L V N 75.37 682.06 278.96 682.06 2 L V N 74.87 667.31 279.46 667.31 2 L V N 74.87 651.31 279.46 651.31 2 L V N 74.87 635.31 279.46 635.31 2 L V N 314.36 54.99 552.76 735.31 R 7 X V 0 X 1.26 (each slice must consist of whole rows of macroblocks. If) 314.36 728.64 P 0.55 (this is the case, then if the height of the image is H pixels,) 314.36 717.64 P 1.97 (then you should set the SLICES_PER_FRAME to some) 314.36 706.64 P 0.32 (number which divides H/16. For example, if H = 240, then) 314.36 695.64 P 0.82 (you should only use SLICES_PER_FRAME values of 15,) 314.36 684.64 P (5, 3, or 1.) 314.36 673.64 T 0.3 (Note to the note: these MPEG playback systems are) 342.71 660.64 P 1.07 (really at fault, since the MPEG standard says this doesn\325t) 314.36 649.64 P (have to be so.) 314.36 638.64 T 0 12 Q (2.5 Search W) 314.36 611.31 T (indow \050parameter \336le\051) 378.83 611.31 T 0 10 Q 0.65 (The search window is the window in which motion) 342.71 585.64 P 0.47 (vectors are searched for. The window is a square. You can) 314.36 574.64 P 1.22 (specify the size of the square, and whether to allow half-) 314.36 563.64 P (pixel motion vectors or not.) 314.36 552.64 T (Usage:) 342.71 526.64 T 2 F (PIXEL) 342.71 500.64 T ( ) 372.69 500.64 T (RANGE num [numB]) 342.71 487.64 T -0.54 (HALF) 342.71 461.64 P 0 F -0.22 ( means that half-pixel vectors are allowed. The) 366.7 461.64 P 0.19 (search window is +/-) 314.36 450.64 P 2 F 0.47 (num) 401.27 450.64 P 0 F 0.19 ( pixels in the X and Y directions.) 419.26 450.64 P -0.02 (It is usually important that you use) 314.36 439.64 P 2 F -0.05 (HALF) 455.54 439.64 P 0 F -0.02 (, because it results) 479.53 439.64 P 2.12 (in both better quality and better compression. It is only) 314.36 428.64 P (undesirable for computer-generated images.) 314.36 417.64 T 2 F -0.25 (num) 342.71 404.64 P 0 F -0.1 ( should probably be set to at least 8 or 10 pixels.) 360.7 404.64 P 2.35 (This number depends on the image. Using much larger) 314.36 393.64 P 0.68 (numbers such as 20 or 30 doesn\325t seem to help much, and) 314.36 382.64 P 0.02 (increases the CPU cost drastically. The optional numB is in) 314.36 371.64 P 2.67 (case you wish to specify different ranges for predicted) 314.36 360.64 P 3.37 (frames \050P-frames, num\051, and Bi-directional frames \050B-) 314.36 349.64 P 0.31 (frames, numB\051. B-frame limits are optional as indicated by) 314.36 338.64 P -0 (the braces above \050so \322RANGE 10 6\323 is a valid command as) 314.36 327.64 P (is \322RANGE 9\323\051.) 314.36 316.64 T 0 12 Q (2.6 IPB Pattern \050parameter \336le\051) 314.36 276.31 T 0 10 Q 2.24 (You can set the sequence of I, P, and B-frames.) 342.71 249.64 P 0.45 (Later versions will allow you to do more than set a repeat-) 314.36 238.64 P 2.49 (ing IPB pattern. The pattern affects speed, quality, and) 314.36 227.64 P (compression. Table five shows some of the trade-offs.) 314.36 216.64 T (\050this is given a certain Q-scale\051) 342.71 59.64 T 1 12 Q (T) 337.17 193.31 T (able 5: Comparison of I/P/B-Frames) 344.06 193.31 T (\050Normalized\051) 399.59 179.31 T 0 F (Frame) 331.84 156.31 T (T) 335.26 142.31 T (ype) 341.74 142.31 T (Compress) 384.37 156.31 T (ion) 400.7 142.31 T (Speed) 451.3 149.31 T (Quality) 505.57 149.31 T (I-frames) 334.94 122.31 T (1000) 396.36 122.31 T (1000) 453.96 122.31 T (1000) 511.57 122.31 T (P-frames) 332.26 104.31 T (409) 399.36 104.31 T (601) 456.96 104.31 T (969) 514.56 104.31 T (B-frames) 330.93 86.31 T (72) 402.36 86.31 T (260) 456.96 86.31 T (919) 514.56 86.31 T 314.76 169.06 314.76 79.56 2 L V N 379.56 169.56 379.56 79.06 2 L V N 437.16 169.56 437.16 79.06 2 L V N 494.76 169.56 494.76 79.06 2 L V N 552.36 169.06 552.36 79.56 2 L V N 314.51 169.31 552.61 169.31 2 L V N 315.01 134.56 552.11 134.56 2 L V N 315.01 132.06 552.11 132.06 2 L V N 314.51 115.31 552.61 115.31 2 L V N 314.51 97.31 552.61 97.31 2 L V N 314.51 79.31 552.61 79.31 2 L V N FMENDPAGE %%EndPage: "3" 2 %%Page: "2" 2 612 792 0 FMBEGINPAGE 57.97 26.65 554.03 40.82 R 7 X 0 K V 0 10 Q 0 X (2) 303.5 34.15 T 72 72 297 720 R 7 X V 0 X 2.84 (Here is a description of the different command-line) 72 700.33 P 0.03 (options available and parameter-file options available in) 72 689.33 P 2.37 (sequential \050one-machine\051 encoding. You should defi-) 72 678.33 P 3.43 (nitely read sections 2.1-2.9. The other sections are) 72 667.33 P (optional.) 72 656.33 T 0.21 (In the following, whenever a space in the parameter file) 72 630.33 P 4.29 (appears, it can be represented by any amount of) 72 619.33 P (whitespace \050tabs or spaces\051.) 72 608.33 T 0 12 Q (2.1 Q-Scale \050parameter \336le\051) 72 581 T 0 10 Q 1.78 (The quantization scale values \050Q-Scale\051 give a) 100.35 554.33 P 1.37 (trade-off between quality and compression. Using dif-) 72 543.33 P -0.16 (ferent Q-Scale values has very little effect on speed. The) 72 532.33 P 1.74 (Q-Scale values can be set separately for I, P, and B-) 72 521.33 P (frames.) 72 510.33 T (Usage:) 100.35 484.33 T 2 F (IQ-Scale) 126.21 471.33 T ( num) 174.18 471.33 T (PQ-Scale num) 125.5 458.33 T (BQ-Scale num) 126.21 445.33 T 0 F (num in all three cases is a number from 1 to 31.) 100.35 432.33 T 3.47 (Larger numbers give better compression, but) 100.35 406.33 P 0.3 (worse quality. In the following, the quality numbers are) 72 395.33 P (peak signal-to-noise ratio, defined as:) 72 384.33 T (where MSE is the mean squared error.) 100.35 332.18 T 0.12 (Tables one and two show the Q-scale vs. Quality) 100.35 306.18 P (relationship for the flower-garden sequence.) 72 295.18 T 1.84 (Note that when rate-control \050Section 2.9\051 is in) 100.35 282.18 P 0.19 (use, the rate control mechanism will change the Q-scale) 72 271.18 P 1.37 (throughout the blocks of the frame, so these specified) 72 260.18 P (values are merely starting points.) 72 249.18 T 1 12 Q (T) 95.77 212.85 T (able 1: Q-Scale vs. Quality \050SNR\051) 102.66 212.85 T 0 10 Q (Q-Scale) 91.87 191.18 T (I-Frames) 140.95 191.18 T (P-Frames) 190.86 191.18 T (B-Frames) 241.33 191.18 T (1) 124.48 173.18 T (43.2) 150.24 173.18 T (46.3) 201.27 173.18 T (46.5) 252.29 173.18 T (6) 124.48 157.18 T (32.6) 150.24 157.18 T (34.6) 201.27 157.18 T (34.3) 252.29 157.18 T (1) 119.85 141.18 T (1) 124.48 141.18 T (28.6) 150.24 141.18 T (29.5) 201.27 141.18 T (30.0) 252.29 141.18 T (16) 119.48 125.18 T (26.3) 150.24 125.18 T (26.8) 201.27 125.18 T (28.6) 252.29 125.18 T (21) 119.48 109.18 T (24.7) 150.24 109.18 T (25.0) 201.27 109.18 T (27.9) 252.29 109.18 T (26) 119.48 93.18 T (23.5) 150.24 93.18 T (23.9) 201.27 93.18 T (27.5) 252.29 93.18 T 82.45 202.6 82.45 87.1 2 L V 0.5 H 0 Z N 133.48 203.1 133.48 86.6 2 L V N 184.5 203.1 184.5 86.6 2 L V N 235.52 203.1 235.52 86.6 2 L V N 286.55 202.6 286.55 87.1 2 L V N 82.2 202.85 286.8 202.85 2 L V N 82.7 184.1 286.3 184.1 2 L V N 82.7 181.6 286.3 181.6 2 L V N 82.2 166.85 286.8 166.85 2 L V N 82.2 150.85 286.8 150.85 2 L V N 82.2 134.85 286.8 134.85 2 L V N 82.2 118.85 286.8 118.85 2 L V N 82.2 102.85 286.8 102.85 2 L V N 82.2 86.85 286.8 86.85 2 L V N 72 72 297 720 C 72 341.85 297 381 C 0 12 Q 0 X 0 K (2) 148.86 360.39 T (0) 154.85 360.39 T 3 F (l) 161.56 360.39 T (o) 165.6 360.39 T (g) 172.3 360.39 T 0 9 Q (1) 178.76 356.63 T (0) 183.25 356.63 T 0 12 Q (2) 196.32 367.58 T (5) 202.32 367.58 T (5) 208.31 367.58 T 3 F (M) 196.45 349.78 T (S) 207.15 349.78 T (E) 213.85 349.78 T 221.18 360.98 196.45 360.98 2 L 0.33 H 0 Z N 196.45 360.98 193.45 347.78 2 L N 193.45 347.78 191.45 351.58 2 L N 191.45 351.58 190.45 349.68 2 L N 189.45 362.98 220.93 362.98 2 L N 72 72 297 720 C 0 0 612 792 C 315 72 540 720 R 7 X 0 K V 0 12 Q 0 X (2.2 Search T) 315 471 T (echniques \050parameter \336le\051) 375.11 471 T 0 10 Q 0.77 (There are several different motion vector search) 343.35 445.33 P 2.44 (techniques available for both P-frame search and B-) 315 434.33 P 0.54 (frame search. Using different search techniques present) 315 423.33 P -0.04 (little difference in quality, but a large difference in com-) 315 412.33 P (pression and speed.) 315 401.33 T 0.26 (There are 4 types of P-frame search: Exhaustive,) 343.35 388.33 P (TwoLevel, SubSample, and Logarithmic.) 315 377.33 T 0.1 (There are 3 types of B-frame search: Exhaustive,) 343.35 364.33 P (Cross2, and Simple.) 315 353.33 T 1.53 (The suggested search techniques are TwoLevel) 343.35 340.33 P 2.17 (and Logarithmic for P-frame search, and Cross2 and) 315 329.33 P 0.68 (Simple for B-frame search. Tables three and four com-) 315 318.33 P (pare the different search methods:) 315 307.33 T 318.37 170 536.63 176 C 0 0 612 792 C 0 10 Q 0 X 0 K (a. Smaller numbers mean better compression) 336.37 163.33 T (b. Larger numbers mean faster execution) 336.37 151.33 T (c. Larger numbers mean better quality) 336.37 139.33 T (31) 362.48 672.33 T (22.6) 393.24 672.33 T (23.0) 444.27 672.33 T (27.3) 495.29 672.33 T 1 12 Q (T) 342.04 646 T (able 2: Q-Scale vs. Compr) 348.94 646 T (ession) 482.3 646 T 0 10 Q (Q-Scale) 334.87 624.33 T (I-Frames) 383.95 624.33 T (P-Frames) 433.86 624.33 T (B-Frames) 484.33 624.33 T (1) 367.48 606.33 T (2:1) 395.6 606.33 T (2:1) 446.62 606.33 T (2:1) 497.65 606.33 T (6) 367.48 590.33 T (7) 399.49 590.33 T (10) 448.01 590.33 T (15) 499.04 590.33 T (1) 362.85 574.33 T (1) 367.48 574.33 T (1) 397.18 574.33 T (1) 401.8 574.33 T (18) 448.01 574.33 T (43) 499.04 574.33 T (16) 362.48 558.33 T (15) 396.99 558.33 T (29) 448.01 558.33 T (97) 499.04 558.33 T (21) 362.48 542.33 T (19) 396.99 542.33 T (41) 448.01 542.33 T (173) 496.54 542.33 T (26) 362.48 526.33 T (24) 396.99 526.33 T (56) 448.01 526.33 T (256) 496.54 526.33 T (31) 362.48 510.33 T (28) 396.99 510.33 T (73) 448.01 510.33 T (330) 496.54 510.33 T 1 12 Q (T) 326.96 284 T (able 3: P-frame Motion V) 333.86 284 T (ector Sear) 463.98 284 T (ch) 516.05 284 T (\050Normalized\051) 393.53 270 T 0 10 Q (T) 327.39 248.33 T (echnique) 332.79 248.33 T (Compression) 382.34 248.33 T 0 8 Q (a) 435.09 252.33 T 0 10 Q (Speed) 454.39 248.33 T 0 8 Q (b) 478.82 252.33 T 0 10 Q (Quality) 498.61 248.33 T 0 8 Q (c) 528.59 252.33 T 0 10 Q (Exhaustive) 329.48 230.33 T (1000) 400.5 230.33 T (1000) 458.61 230.33 T (1000) 505.38 230.33 T (SubSample) 328.36 214.33 T (1008) 400.5 214.33 T (2456) 458.61 214.33 T (1000) 505.38 214.33 T (T) 333.52 198.33 T (woLevel) 338.92 198.33 T (1009) 400.5 198.33 T (3237) 458.61 198.33 T (1000) 505.38 198.33 T (Logarithmic) 324.48 182.33 T (1085) 400.5 182.33 T (8229) 458.61 182.33 T (998) 507.88 182.33 T 1 12 Q (T) 338.77 712 T (able 1: Q-Scale vs. Quality \050SNR\051) 345.66 712 T 0 10 Q (Q-Scale) 334.87 690.33 T (I-Frames) 383.95 690.33 T (P-Frames) 433.86 690.33 T (B-Frames) 484.33 690.33 T 325.45 701.75 325.45 666.25 2 L V 0.5 H 0 Z N 376.48 702.25 376.48 665.75 2 L V N 427.5 702.25 427.5 665.75 2 L V N 478.52 702.25 478.52 665.75 2 L V N 529.55 701.75 529.55 666.25 2 L V N 325.2 702 529.8 702 2 L V N 325.7 683.25 529.3 683.25 2 L V N 325.7 680.75 529.3 680.75 2 L V N 325.2 666 529.8 666 2 L V N 325.45 635.75 325.45 504.25 2 L V N 376.48 636.25 376.48 503.75 2 L V N 427.5 636.25 427.5 503.75 2 L V N 478.52 636.25 478.52 503.75 2 L V N 529.55 635.75 529.55 504.25 2 L V N 325.2 636 529.8 636 2 L V N 325.7 617.25 529.3 617.25 2 L V N 325.7 614.75 529.3 614.75 2 L V N 325.2 600 529.8 600 2 L V N 325.2 584 529.8 584 2 L V N 325.2 568 529.8 568 2 L V N 325.2 552 529.8 552 2 L V N 325.2 536 529.8 536 2 L V N 325.2 520 529.8 520 2 L V N 325.2 504 529.8 504 2 L V N 318.37 259.75 318.37 176.25 2 L V N 377.89 260.25 377.89 175.75 2 L V N 443.09 260.25 443.09 175.75 2 L V N 494.11 260.25 494.11 175.75 2 L V N 536.63 259.75 536.63 176.25 2 L V N 318.12 260 536.88 260 2 L V N 318.62 241.25 536.38 241.25 2 L V N 318.62 238.75 536.38 238.75 2 L V N 318.12 224 536.88 224 2 L V N 318.12 208 536.88 208 2 L V N 318.12 192 536.88 192 2 L V N 318.12 176 536.88 176 2 L V N FMENDPAGE %%EndPage: "2" 1 %%Page: "1" 1 612 792 0 FMBEGINPAGE 56.69 111.69 297.64 565.23 R 7 X 0 K V 1 12 Q 0 X (Contents) 56.69 557.23 T 0 10 Q (0. Contacts/History) 56.69 539.56 T (1. Installation) 56.69 526.56 T (2. Sequential Usage) 56.69 513.56 T (2.1 Q-Scale) 85.04 500.56 T (2.2 Search Techniques) 85.04 487.56 T (2.3 GOP) 85.04 474.56 T (2.4 Slices) 85.04 461.56 T (2.5) 85.04 448.56 T ( Search window) 97.53 448.56 T (2.6 IPB pattern) 85.04 435.56 T (2.7 Specifying Input Files) 85.04 422.56 T (2.8) 85.04 409.56 T ( Original or Decoded) 97.53 409.56 T (2.9 Bit-rate Control) 85.04 396.56 T (2.10 User-data) 85.04 383.56 T (2.11 Compression Decision List \050CDL\051) 85.04 370.56 T (2.12 Gamma Correction) 85.04 357.56 T (2.13 Encoding GOPs at a time) 85.04 344.56 T (2.14) 85.04 331.56 T ( Encoding Frames at a time) 102.53 331.56 T (2.15) 85.04 318.56 T ( Stats and other info) 102.53 318.56 T (3. Parallel Usage) 56.69 305.56 T (3.1) 85.04 292.56 T ( Architecture) 97.53 292.56 T (3.2 Specifying slave machines) 85.04 279.56 T (3.3) 85.04 266.56 T ( Remote Shell) 97.53 266.56 T (3.4 Scheduling Algorithms) 85.04 253.56 T (3.5 Parallel Problems) 85.04 240.56 T 0 12 Q (4. Performance) 56.69 226.23 T 0 10 Q (5. Other Options) 56.69 213.56 T (5.1) 85.04 200.56 T ( Custom Quantization Tables) 97.53 200.56 T (5.2 Aspect Ratio) 85.04 187.56 T (5.3) 85.04 174.56 T ( Frame Rate) 97.53 174.56 T (6. Other Tools) 56.69 161.56 T (6.1) 85.04 148.56 T (ppmtoeyuv) 100.03 148.56 T (6.2 jmovie2jpeg) 85.04 135.56 T (6.3 movieToVid) 85.04 122.56 T 314.36 54.99 552.76 565.23 R 7 X V 0 X (6.4) 342.71 558.56 T (yuvtojpeg) 357.7 558.56 T (6.5) 342.71 545.56 T ( blockrun) 355.2 545.56 T (6.6) 342.71 532.56 T ( vidtoppm) 355.2 532.56 T (6.7 vidtojpeg) 342.71 519.56 T (6.8 vidtoeyuv) 342.71 506.56 T (7. Frequently Asked Questions) 314.36 493.56 T (7.1 Questions) 342.71 480.56 T (7.2 Answers) 342.71 467.56 T 1 12 Q (0. Contacts/History) 314.36 432.23 T 0 10 Q 2.56 (The Berkeley MPEG encoder was written by Kevin L.) 314.36 414.56 P 0.59 (Gong in the Berkeley Plateau Multimedia Research group,) 314.36 403.56 P 2.29 (headed by Professor Lawrence Rowe. It has since been) 314.36 392.56 P 2.69 (modified by Stephen Smoot, Eugene Hung, and Darryl) 314.36 381.56 P 0.69 (Brown. Please use the following e-mail addresses to reach) 314.36 370.56 P (us:) 314.36 359.56 T -0.23 (mpeg-bugs@plateau.cs.berkeley.edu \050bug reports and ques-) 314.36 346.56 P (tions\051 larry@cs.berkeley.edu \050research funding!\051) 314.36 335.56 T 1 12 Q (1. Installation) 314.36 300.23 T 0 10 Q (To install, read the directions in doc/INSTALL.) 342.71 282.56 T 1.32 (Note that the) 342.71 269.56 P 2 F 3.17 (bin/) 400.8 269.56 P 0 F 1.32 ( directory contains binaries for) 424.79 269.56 P 0.35 (several different platforms. The program has been success-) 314.36 258.56 P (fully ported to the following platforms:) 314.36 247.56 T (SunOS 4.x) 342.71 234.56 T (DEC Alpha running OSF1) 342.71 221.56 T (DECstation 5000 running Ultrix) 342.71 208.56 T (HP 9000 series) 342.71 195.56 T -0.06 (If you are successful in porting to a new platform, or) 342.71 169.56 P 0.15 (have problems installing, please let us know \050at the address) 314.36 158.56 P (above\051.) 314.36 147.56 T 1 12 Q (2. Sequential Usage) 314.36 112.23 T 0 10 Q (The encoder is invoked in the following manner:) 314.36 81.56 T 1 F (mpeg_encode) 352.7 68.56 T 0 F ( parameter_file) 410.44 68.56 T 56.69 570.9 552.76 735.31 R 7 X V 1 18 Q 0 X (Berkeley MPEG-1 V) 174.89 723.31 T (ideo Encoder) 333.11 723.31 T 290.64 685.53 254.68 685.53 2 L V 1.71 H 0 Z N (User) 254.68 687.31 T 296.95 685.53 290.96 685.53 2 L V N (\325) 290.96 687.31 T 354.77 685.53 296.29 685.53 2 L V N (s Guide) 296.29 687.31 T 3 12 Q (Plateau Resear) 245.54 657.31 T (ch Gr) 318.71 657.31 T (oup) 345.92 657.31 T (Computer Science Division) 239.1 643.31 T (University of California) 247.08 629.31 T (Berkeley) 239.59 615.31 T (, California 94720) 280.89 615.31 T (mpeg-bugs@cs.berkeley) 236.26 596.31 T (.edu) 352.87 596.31 T 56.69 54.99 297.64 104.6 R 7 X V 56.69 94.59 297.64 104.6 C 56.69 94.59 297.64 104.6 R 7 X 0 K V 56.69 103.59 525.7 103.59 2 L V 1 H 2 Z 0 X N 0 0 612 792 C 0 9 Q 0 X 0 K (Last Updated: 30 January 1995) 56.69 88.59 T FMENDPAGE %%EndPage: "1" 0 %%Trailer %%BoundingBox: 0 0 612 792 %%Pages: 11 -1 %%DocumentFonts: Times-Roman %%+ Times-Bold %%+ Courier %%+ Times-Italic