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-rw-r--r--editor/Makefile17
-rw-r--r--editor/pamcat.c1303
-rw-r--r--editor/pamlevels.c1
-rw-r--r--editor/pnmcat.c879
-rwxr-xr-xeditor/pnmindex.csh189
-rwxr-xr-xeditor/pnmindex.sh214
-rwxr-xr-xeditor/pnmmargin4
-rwxr-xr-xeditor/pnmquantall4
-rw-r--r--editor/specialty/pnmindex.c106
9 files changed, 1380 insertions, 1337 deletions
diff --git a/editor/Makefile b/editor/Makefile
index 8798cf6e..0027832c 100644
--- a/editor/Makefile
+++ b/editor/Makefile
@@ -16,7 +16,8 @@ SUBDIRS = pamflip specialty
 # This package is so big, it's useful even when some parts won't 
 # build.
 
-PORTBINARIES = pamaddnoise pamaltsat pambackground pambrighten pamcomp pamcut \
+PORTBINARIES = pamaddnoise pamaltsat pambackground pambrighten \
+	       pamcat pamcomp pamcut \
 	       pamdice pamditherbw pamedge pamenlarge \
 	       pamfunc pamhomography pamhue pamlevels \
 	       pammasksharpen pammixmulti \
@@ -26,7 +27,7 @@ PORTBINARIES = pamaddnoise pamaltsat pambackground pambrighten pamcomp pamcut \
 	       pbmclean pbmmask pbmpscale pbmreduce \
 	       pgmdeshadow pgmenhance \
 	       pgmmedian \
-	       pnmalias pnmcat pnmconvol pnmcrop \
+	       pnmalias pnmconvol pnmcrop \
 	       pnmgamma \
 	       pnmhisteq pnminvert pnmmontage \
 	       pnmnlfilt pnmnorm pnmpad pnmpaste \
@@ -63,10 +64,15 @@ install.bin install.merge: install.bin.local
 .PHONY: install.bin.local
 install.bin.local: $(PKGDIR)/bin
 # Remember that $(SYMLINK) might just be a copy command.
-# backward compatibility: program used to be pnminterp
+
+# In December 2001, pamstretch replaced pnminterp and pamstretch-getn
+# replaced pnminterp-gen
 	cd $(PKGDIR)/bin ; \
 	rm -f pnminterp$(EXE); \
 	$(SYMLINK) pamstretch$(EXE) pnminterp$(EXE)
+	cd $(PKGDIR)/bin ; \
+	rm -f pnminterp-gen$(EXE); \
+	$(SYMLINK) pamstretch-gen$(EXE) pnminterp-gen$(EXE)
 # In March 2002, pnmnorm replaced ppmnorm and pgmnorm
 	cd $(PKGDIR)/bin ; \
 	rm -f ppmnorm$(EXE) ; \
@@ -100,6 +106,10 @@ install.bin.local: $(PKGDIR)/bin
 	cd $(PKGDIR)/bin ; \
 	rm -f pnmcomp$(EXE) ; \
 	$(SYMLINK) pamcomp$(EXE) pnmcomp$(EXE)
+# In August 2022, pamcat replaced pnmcat
+	cd $(PKGDIR)/bin ; \
+	rm -f pnmcat$(EXE) ; \
+	$(SYMLINK) pamcat$(EXE) pnmcat$(EXE)
 
 mergecomptrylist:
 	cat /dev/null >$@
@@ -111,4 +121,5 @@ mergecomptrylist:
 	echo "TRY(\"pnmcut\",     main_pamcut);"     >>$@
 	echo "TRY(\"pnmscale\",   main_pamscale);"   >>$@
 	echo "TRY(\"pnmcomp\",    main_pamcomp);"    >>$@
+	echo "TRY(\"pnmcat\",     main_pamcomp);"    >>$@
 
diff --git a/editor/pamcat.c b/editor/pamcat.c
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..c7f0482d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/editor/pamcat.c
@@ -0,0 +1,1303 @@
+/*=============================================================================
+                                   pamcat
+===============================================================================
+
+  Concatenate images.
+
+  By Bryan Henderson and Akira Urushibata.  Contributed to the public domain
+  by its authors.
+
+=============================================================================*/
+
+#include <assert.h>
+
+#include "pm_c_util.h"
+#include "mallocvar.h"
+#include "shhopt.h"
+#include "bitarith.h"
+#include "nstring.h"
+#include "pam.h"
+#include "pbm.h"
+
+#define LEFTBITS pm_byteLeftBits
+#define RIGHTBITS pm_byteRightBits
+
+enum PadColorMethod {PAD_BLACK, PAD_WHITE, PAD_AUTO};
+  /* The method of determining the color of padding when images are not the
+     same height or width.  Always white (maxval samples) always black (zero
+     samples) or determined from what looks like background for the image in
+     question.
+  */
+
+
+enum Orientation {TOPBOTTOM, LEFTRIGHT};
+  /* Direction of concatenation */
+
+enum Justification {JUST_CENTER, JUST_MIN, JUST_MAX};
+  /* Justification of images in concatenation */
+
+struct CmdlineInfo {
+    /* All the information the user supplied in the command line,
+       in a form easy for the program to use.
+    */
+    const char **       inputFileName;
+    unsigned int        fileCt;
+    enum PadColorMethod padColorMethod;
+    enum Orientation    orientation;
+    enum Justification  justification;
+    unsigned int        verbose;
+};
+
+
+
+static void
+parseCommandLine(int argc, const char ** const argv,
+                 struct CmdlineInfo * const cmdlineP) {
+/*----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+   Note that the file spec array we return is stored in the storage that
+   was passed to us as the argv array.
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+    optEntry * option_def;
+        /* Instructions to OptParseOptions3() on how to parse our options.
+         */
+    optStruct3 opt;
+
+    unsigned int option_def_index;
+
+    unsigned int leftright, topbottom;
+    unsigned int black, white;
+    unsigned int jtop, jbottom, jleft, jright, jcenter;
+
+    MALLOCARRAY_NOFAIL(option_def, 100);
+
+    option_def_index = 0;   /* incremented by OPTENT3 */
+    OPTENT3(0, "leftright",   OPT_FLAG,   NULL, &leftright,         0);
+    OPTENT3(0, "lr",          OPT_FLAG,   NULL, &leftright,         0);
+    OPTENT3(0, "topbottom",   OPT_FLAG,   NULL, &topbottom,         0);
+    OPTENT3(0, "tb",          OPT_FLAG,   NULL, &topbottom,         0);
+    OPTENT3(0, "black",       OPT_FLAG,   NULL, &black,             0);
+    OPTENT3(0, "white",       OPT_FLAG,   NULL, &white,             0);
+    OPTENT3(0, "jtop",        OPT_FLAG,   NULL, &jtop,              0);
+    OPTENT3(0, "jbottom",     OPT_FLAG,   NULL, &jbottom,           0);
+    OPTENT3(0, "jleft",       OPT_FLAG,   NULL, &jleft,             0);
+    OPTENT3(0, "jright",      OPT_FLAG,   NULL, &jright,            0);
+    OPTENT3(0, "jcenter",     OPT_FLAG,   NULL, &jcenter,           0);
+    OPTENT3(0, "verbose",     OPT_FLAG,   NULL, &cmdlineP->verbose, 0);
+
+    opt.opt_table = option_def;
+    opt.short_allowed = FALSE;  /* We have no short (old-fashioned) options */
+    opt.allowNegNum = FALSE;  /* We have no parms that are negative numbers */
+
+    pm_optParseOptions3(&argc, (char **)argv, opt, sizeof(opt), 0);
+        /* Uses and sets argc, argv, and some of *cmdlineP and others. */
+
+    free(option_def);
+
+    if (leftright + topbottom > 1)
+        pm_error("You may specify only one of -topbottom (-tb) and "
+                 "-leftright (-lr)");
+    else if (leftright)
+        cmdlineP->orientation = LEFTRIGHT;
+    else if (topbottom)
+        cmdlineP->orientation = TOPBOTTOM;
+    else
+        pm_error("You must specify either -leftright or -topbottom");
+
+    if (black + white > 1)
+        pm_error("You may specify only one of -black and -white");
+    else if (black)
+        cmdlineP->padColorMethod = PAD_BLACK;
+    else if (white)
+        cmdlineP->padColorMethod = PAD_WHITE;
+    else
+        cmdlineP->padColorMethod = PAD_AUTO;
+
+    if (jtop + jbottom + jleft + jright + jcenter > 1)
+        pm_error("You may specify only one of -jtop, -jbottom, "
+                 "-jleft, and -jright");
+    else {
+        switch (cmdlineP->orientation) {
+        case LEFTRIGHT:
+            if (jleft)
+                pm_error("-jleft is invalid with -leftright");
+            if (jright)
+                pm_error("-jright is invalid with -leftright");
+            if (jtop)
+                cmdlineP->justification = JUST_MIN;
+            else if (jbottom)
+                cmdlineP->justification = JUST_MAX;
+            else if (jcenter)
+                cmdlineP->justification = JUST_CENTER;
+            else
+                cmdlineP->justification = JUST_CENTER;
+            break;
+        case TOPBOTTOM:
+            if (jtop)
+                pm_error("-jtop is invalid with -topbottom");
+            if (jbottom)
+                pm_error("-jbottom is invalid with -topbottom");
+            if (jleft)
+                cmdlineP->justification = JUST_MIN;
+            else if (jright)
+                cmdlineP->justification = JUST_MAX;
+            else if (jcenter)
+                cmdlineP->justification = JUST_CENTER;
+            else
+                cmdlineP->justification = JUST_CENTER;
+            break;
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (argc-1 < 1) {
+        MALLOCARRAY_NOFAIL(cmdlineP->inputFileName, 1);
+        cmdlineP->inputFileName[0] = "-";
+        cmdlineP->fileCt = 1;
+    } else {
+        unsigned int i;
+        unsigned int stdinCt;
+            /* Number of input files user specified as Standard Input */
+
+        MALLOCARRAY_NOFAIL(cmdlineP->inputFileName, argc-1);
+
+        for (i = 0, stdinCt = 0; i < argc-1; ++i) {
+            cmdlineP->inputFileName[i] = argv[1+i];
+            if (streq(argv[1+i], "-"))
+                ++stdinCt;
+        }
+        cmdlineP->fileCt = argc-1;
+        if (stdinCt > 1)
+            pm_error("At most one input image can come from Standard Input.  "
+                     "You specified %u", stdinCt);
+    }
+}
+
+
+
+static const char *
+tupletypeX(bool         const allVisual,
+           unsigned int const colorDepth,
+           sample       const maxMaxval,
+           bool         const haveOpacity) {
+
+    const char * retval;
+
+    if (allVisual) {
+        switch (colorDepth) {
+        case 1:
+            if (maxMaxval == 1)
+                retval = haveOpacity ? "BLACKANDWHITE_ALPHA" : "BLACKANDWHITE";
+            else
+                retval = haveOpacity ? "GRAYSCALE_ALPHA"     : "GRAYSCALE";
+            break;
+        case 3:
+            retval = haveOpacity ? "RGB_ALPHA"           : "RGB";
+            break;
+        default:
+            assert(false);
+        }
+    } else
+        retval = "";
+
+    return retval;
+}
+
+
+
+typedef struct {
+    /* This describes a transformation from one tuple type to another,
+       e.g. from BLACKANDWHITE to GRAY_ALPHA.
+
+       For transformations bewteen the defined ones for visual images,
+       only the "up" transformations are covered.
+    */
+    bool mustPromoteColor;
+        /* Plane 0, which is the black/white or grayscale plane and also
+           the red plane must be copied as the red, green, and blue planes
+           (0, 1, and 2).
+        */
+    bool mustPromoteOpacity;
+        /* Plane 1, which is the opacity plane for black and white or
+           grayscale tuples, must be copied as the RGB opacity plane (3).
+        */
+    bool mustCreateOpacity;
+        /* The opacity plane value must be set to opaque */
+
+    bool mustPadZero;
+        /* Where the target tuple type is deeper than the source tuple
+           type, all higher numbered planes must be cleared to zero.
+
+           This is mutually exclusive with the rest of the musts.
+        */
+
+} TtTransform;
+
+
+
+static TtTransform
+ttXformForImg(const struct pam * const inpamP,
+              const struct pam * const outpamP) {
+/*----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  The transform required to transform tuples of the kind described by *inpamP
+  to tuples of the kind described by *outpamP (e.g. from grayscale to RGB,
+  which involves replicating one plane into three).
+
+  We assume *outpamP tuples are of a type that is at least as expressive as
+  *inpamP tuples.  So e.g. outpamP->tuple_type cannot be "GRAYSCALE" if
+  inpamP->tuple_type is "RGB".
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+    TtTransform retval;
+
+    if (inpamP->visual && outpamP->visual) {
+        retval.mustPromoteColor   =
+            (outpamP->color_depth > inpamP->color_depth);
+        retval.mustPromoteOpacity =
+            (outpamP->color_depth > inpamP->color_depth &&
+             (outpamP->have_opacity && inpamP->have_opacity));
+        retval.mustCreateOpacity  =
+            (outpamP->have_opacity && !inpamP->have_opacity);
+        retval.mustPadZero = false;
+    } else {
+        retval.mustPromoteColor   = false;
+        retval.mustPromoteOpacity = false;
+        retval.mustCreateOpacity  = false;
+        retval.mustPadZero        = true;
+    }
+    return retval;
+}
+
+
+
+static void
+reportPlans(unsigned int       const fileCt,
+            const struct pam * const outpamP) {
+
+    pm_message("Concatenating %u input images", fileCt);
+
+    pm_message("Output width, height, depth: %u x %u x %u",
+               outpamP->width, outpamP->height, outpamP->depth);
+
+    if (outpamP->format == RPBM_FORMAT)
+        pm_message("Using PBM fast path and producing raw PBM output");
+    else if (outpamP->format == PBM_FORMAT)
+        pm_message("Output format: Plain PBM");
+    else {
+        pm_message("Output maxval (max of all inputs): %lu", outpamP->maxval);
+
+        switch (outpamP->format) {
+        case PGM_FORMAT:
+            pm_message("Output format: Plain PGM");
+            break;
+        case RPGM_FORMAT:
+            pm_message("Output format: Raw PGM");
+            break;
+        case PPM_FORMAT:
+            pm_message("Output format: Plain PPM");
+            break;
+        case RPPM_FORMAT:
+            pm_message("Output format: Raw PPM");
+            break;
+        case PAM_FORMAT:
+            pm_message("Output format: PAM");
+
+            if (strlen(outpamP->tuple_type) > 0)
+                pm_message("Output tuple type: '%s'", outpamP->tuple_type);
+            else
+                pm_message("Output tuple type is null string because "
+                           "input images have various non-visual tuple types");
+            break;
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+
+
+static void
+computeOutputParms(unsigned int       const fileCt,
+                   enum Orientation   const orientation,
+                   const struct pam * const inpam,  /* array */
+                   bool               const verbose,
+                   struct pam *       const outpamP) {
+
+    double newCols, newRows;
+    unsigned int maxDepth;
+    sample maxMaxval;
+    int newFormat;
+    const char * firstTupletype;
+    bool allSameTt;
+    bool allVisual;
+    unsigned int maxColorDepth;
+    bool haveOpacity;
+    unsigned int fileSeq;
+
+    for (fileSeq = 0, newCols = 0, newRows = 0, maxDepth = 0, maxMaxval = 0,
+             newFormat = 0,
+             allVisual = true, maxColorDepth = 0, haveOpacity = false,
+             firstTupletype = NULL, allSameTt = true;
+         fileSeq < fileCt;
+         ++fileSeq) {
+
+        const struct pam * const inpamP = &inpam[fileSeq];
+
+        switch (orientation) {
+        case LEFTRIGHT:
+            newCols += inpamP->width;
+            newRows = MAX(newRows, inpamP->height);
+            break;
+        case TOPBOTTOM:
+            newRows += inpamP->height;
+            newCols = MAX(newCols, inpamP->width);
+            break;
+        }
+
+        if (!firstTupletype)
+            firstTupletype = inpamP->tuple_type;
+        if (inpamP->tuple_type != firstTupletype)
+            allSameTt = false;
+
+        if (inpamP->visual) {
+            maxColorDepth = MAX(maxColorDepth, inpamP->color_depth);
+
+            if (inpamP->have_opacity)
+                haveOpacity = true;
+        } else
+            allVisual = false;
+
+        maxDepth      = MAX(maxDepth,      inpamP->depth);
+        maxMaxval     = MAX(maxMaxval,     inpamP->maxval);
+
+        if (PAM_FORMAT_TYPE(inpamP->format) > PAM_FORMAT_TYPE(newFormat))
+            newFormat = inpamP->format;
+    }
+    assert(newCols       > 0);
+    assert(newRows       > 0);
+    assert(maxMaxval     > 0);
+    assert(newFormat     > 0);
+
+    if (newCols > INT_MAX)
+       pm_error("Output width too large: %.0f.", newCols);
+    if (newRows > INT_MAX)
+       pm_error("Output height too large: %.0f.", newRows);
+
+    outpamP->size = sizeof(*outpamP);
+    outpamP->len  = PAM_STRUCT_SIZE(tuple_type);
+
+    /* Note that while 'double' is not in general a precise numerical type,
+       in the case of a sum of integers which is less than INT_MAX, it
+       is exact, because double's precision is greater than int's.
+    */
+    outpamP->height           = (unsigned int)newRows;
+    outpamP->width            = (unsigned int)newCols;
+    if (allVisual)
+        outpamP->depth        = MAX(maxDepth,
+                                    maxColorDepth + (haveOpacity ? 1 : 0));
+    else
+        outpamP->depth        = maxDepth;
+    outpamP->allocation_depth = 0;  /* This means same as depth */
+    outpamP->maxval           = maxMaxval;
+    outpamP->format           = newFormat;
+    if (allSameTt)
+        STRSCPY(outpamP->tuple_type, firstTupletype);
+    else
+        STRSCPY(outpamP->tuple_type,
+                tupletypeX(allVisual, maxColorDepth, maxMaxval, haveOpacity));
+    outpamP->comment_p        = NULL;
+    outpamP->plainformat      = false;
+
+    if (verbose)
+        reportPlans(fileCt, outpamP);
+}
+
+
+
+static void
+copyBitrow(const unsigned char * const source,
+           unsigned char *       const destBitrow,
+           unsigned int          const cols,
+           unsigned int          const offset) {
+/*----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  Copy from source to destBitrow, without shifting.  Preserve
+  surrounding image data.
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+    unsigned char * const dest = & destBitrow[ offset/8 ];
+        /* Copy destination, with leading full bytes ignored. */
+    unsigned int const rs = offset % 8;
+        /* The "little offset", as measured from start of dest.  Source
+           is already shifted by this value.
+        */
+    unsigned int const trs = (cols + rs) % 8;
+        /* The number of partial bits in the final char. */
+    unsigned int const colByteCnt = pbm_packed_bytes(cols + rs);
+        /* # bytes to process, including partial ones on both ends. */
+    unsigned int const last = colByteCnt - 1;
+
+    unsigned char const origHead = dest[0];
+    unsigned char const origEnd  = dest[last];
+
+    unsigned int i;
+
+    assert(colByteCnt >= 1);
+
+    for (i = 0; i < colByteCnt; ++i)
+        dest[i] = source[i];
+
+    if (rs > 0)
+        dest[0] = LEFTBITS(origHead, rs) | RIGHTBITS(dest[0], 8-rs);
+
+    if (trs > 0)
+        dest[last] = LEFTBITS(dest[last], trs) | RIGHTBITS(origEnd, 8-trs);
+}
+
+
+
+static void
+padFillBitrow(unsigned char * const destBitrow,
+              unsigned char   const padColor,
+              unsigned int    const cols,
+              unsigned int    const offset) {
+/*----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+   Fill destBitrow, starting at offset, with padColor.  padColor is a
+   byte -- 0x00 or 0xff -- not a single bit.
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+    unsigned char * const dest = &destBitrow[offset/8];
+    unsigned int const rs = offset % 8;
+    unsigned int const trs = (cols + rs) % 8;
+    unsigned int const colByteCnt = pbm_packed_bytes(cols + rs);
+    unsigned int const last = colByteCnt - 1;
+
+    unsigned char const origHead = dest[0];
+    unsigned char const origEnd  = dest[last];
+
+    unsigned int i;
+
+    assert(colByteCnt > 0);
+
+    for (i = 0; i < colByteCnt; ++i)
+        dest[i] = padColor;
+
+    if (rs > 0)
+        dest[0] = LEFTBITS(origHead, rs) | RIGHTBITS(dest[0], 8-rs);
+
+    if (trs > 0)
+        dest[last] = LEFTBITS(dest[last], trs) | RIGHTBITS(origEnd, 8-trs);
+}
+
+
+
+/* concatenateLeftRightPbm() and concatenateLeftRightGen()
+   employ almost identical algorithms.
+   The difference is in the data types and functions.
+
+   Same for concatenateTopBottomPbm() and concatenateTopBottomGen().
+*/
+
+
+typedef struct {
+    /* Information about one image */
+    unsigned char * proberow;
+        /* Top row of image, when background color is
+           auto-determined.
+        */
+    unsigned int offset;
+        /* start position of image, in bits, counting from left
+           edge
+        */
+    unsigned char background;
+        /* Background color.  0x00 means white; 0xff means black */
+    unsigned int padtop;
+        /* Top padding amount */
+} LrImgCtlPbm;
+
+
+
+static void
+createLrImgCtlPbm(const struct pam *  const inpam,  /* array */
+                  unsigned int        const fileCt,
+                  unsigned int        const outHeight,
+                  enum Justification  const justification,
+                  enum PadColorMethod const padColorMethod,
+                  LrImgCtlPbm **      const imgCtlP) {
+/*----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+   Read the first row of each image in inpam[] and return that and additional
+   information about images as *imgCtlP.
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+    LrImgCtlPbm * imgCtl;  /* array, size 'fileCt' */
+    unsigned int fileSeq;
+
+    MALLOCARRAY_NOFAIL(imgCtl, fileCt);
+
+    for (fileSeq = 0; fileSeq < fileCt; ++fileSeq) {
+        LrImgCtlPbm *      const imgCtlP = &imgCtl[fileSeq];
+        const struct pam * const inpamP  = &inpam[fileSeq];
+
+        switch (justification) {
+        case JUST_MIN:
+            imgCtlP->padtop = 0;
+            break;
+        case JUST_MAX:
+            imgCtlP->padtop = outHeight - inpam[fileSeq].height;
+            break;
+        case JUST_CENTER:
+            imgCtlP->padtop = (outHeight - inpamP->height) / 2;
+            break;
+        }
+
+        imgCtlP->offset =
+            (fileSeq == 0) ?
+                0 : imgCtl[fileSeq-1].offset + inpam[fileSeq-1].width;
+
+        if (inpamP->height == outHeight)  /* no padding */
+            imgCtlP->proberow = NULL;
+        else {                   /* determine pad color for image i */
+            switch (padColorMethod) {
+            case PAD_AUTO: {
+                bit bgBit;
+                imgCtlP->proberow =
+                    pbm_allocrow_packed((unsigned int)inpamP->width + 7);
+                pbm_readpbmrow_bitoffset(
+                    inpamP->file, imgCtlP->proberow,
+                    inpamP->width, inpamP->format, imgCtlP->offset % 8);
+
+                bgBit = pbm_backgroundbitrow(
+                    imgCtlP->proberow, inpamP->width,
+                    imgCtlP->offset % 8);
+
+                imgCtlP->background = bgBit == PBM_BLACK ? 0xff : 0x00;
+            } break;
+            case PAD_BLACK:
+                imgCtlP->proberow   = NULL;
+                imgCtlP->background = 0xff;
+                break;
+            case PAD_WHITE:
+                imgCtlP->proberow   = NULL;
+                imgCtlP->background = 0x00;
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    *imgCtlP = imgCtl;
+}
+
+
+
+static void
+destroyPbmImgCtl(LrImgCtlPbm * const imgCtl,  /* array */
+                 unsigned int  const fileCt) {
+
+    unsigned int i;
+
+    for (i = 0; i < fileCt; ++i) {
+        if (imgCtl[i].proberow)
+            free(imgCtl[i].proberow);
+    }
+    free(imgCtl);
+}
+
+
+
+static void
+concatenateLeftRightPbm(struct pam *        const outpamP,
+                        const struct pam *  const inpam,  /* array */
+                        unsigned int        const fileCt,
+                        enum Justification  const justification,
+                        enum PadColorMethod const padColorMethod) {
+
+    unsigned char * const outrow = pbm_allocrow_packed(outpamP->width);
+        /* We use just one outrow.  All padding and image data (with the
+           exception of following imgCtl.proberow) goes directly into this
+           packed PBM row.
+        */
+
+    LrImgCtlPbm * imgCtl;
+        /* malloc'ed array, one element per image.  Shadows inpam[] */
+    unsigned int row;
+
+    createLrImgCtlPbm(inpam, fileCt, outpamP->height,
+                      justification, padColorMethod,
+                      &imgCtl);
+
+    outrow[pbm_packed_bytes(outpamP->width)-1] = 0x00;
+
+    for (row = 0; row < outpamP->height; ++row) {
+        unsigned int fileSeq;
+
+        for (fileSeq = 0; fileSeq < fileCt; ++fileSeq) {
+            const LrImgCtlPbm * const imgCtlP = &imgCtl[fileSeq];
+            const struct pam *  const inpamP  = &inpam[fileSeq];
+
+            if ((row == 0 && imgCtlP->padtop > 0) ||
+                row == imgCtlP->padtop + inpamP->height) {
+
+                /* This row begins a run of padding, either above or below
+                   file 'i', so set 'outrow' to padding.
+                */
+                padFillBitrow(outrow, imgCtlP->background, inpamP->width,
+                              imgCtlP->offset);
+            }
+
+            if (row == imgCtlP->padtop && imgCtlP->proberow != NULL) {
+                /* Top row has been read to proberow[] to determine
+                   background.  Copy it to outrow[].
+                */
+                copyBitrow(imgCtlP->proberow, outrow,
+                           inpamP->width, imgCtlP->offset);
+            } else if (row >= imgCtlP->padtop &&
+                       row < imgCtlP->padtop + inpamP->height) {
+                pbm_readpbmrow_bitoffset(
+                    inpamP->file, outrow, inpamP->width, inpamP->format,
+                    imgCtlP->offset);
+            } else {
+                /* It's a row of padding, so outrow[] is already set
+                   appropriately.
+                */
+            }
+        }
+        pbm_writepbmrow_packed(outpamP->file, outrow, outpamP->width, 0);
+    }
+
+    destroyPbmImgCtl(imgCtl, fileCt);
+
+    pbm_freerow_packed(outrow);
+}
+
+
+
+static void
+concatenateTopBottomPbm(const struct pam *  const outpamP,
+                        const struct pam *  const inpam,  /* array */
+                        unsigned int        const fileCt,
+                        enum Justification  const justification,
+                        enum PadColorMethod const padColorMethod) {
+
+    unsigned char * const outrow = pbm_allocrow_packed(outpamP->width);
+        /* Like the left-right PBM case, all padding and image data
+           goes directly into outrow.  There is no proberow.
+        */
+    unsigned char background, backgroundPrev;
+        /* 0x00 means white; 0xff means black */
+    unsigned int  padleft;
+    bool          backChange;
+        /* Background color is different from that of the previous
+           input image.
+        */
+
+    unsigned int fileSeq;
+    unsigned int row, startRow;
+
+    outrow[pbm_packed_bytes(outpamP->width)-1] = 0x00;
+
+    switch (padColorMethod){
+    case PAD_AUTO:   /* do nothing */    break;
+    case PAD_BLACK:  background = 0xff;  break;
+    case PAD_WHITE:  background = 0x00;  break;
+    }
+
+    for (fileSeq = 0; fileSeq < fileCt; ++fileSeq) {
+        const struct pam * const inpamP = &inpam[fileSeq];
+
+        if (inpamP->width == outpamP->width) {
+            /* No padding */
+            startRow   = 0;
+            backChange = FALSE;
+            padleft    = 0;
+            outrow[pbm_packed_bytes(outpamP->width)-1] = 0x00;
+        } else {
+            /* Determine amount of padding and color */
+            switch (justification) {
+            case JUST_MIN:
+                padleft = 0;
+                break;
+            case JUST_MAX:
+                padleft = outpamP->width - inpamP->width;
+                break;
+            case JUST_CENTER:
+                padleft = (outpamP->width - inpamP->width) / 2;
+                break;
+            }
+
+            switch (padColorMethod) {
+            case PAD_AUTO: {
+                bit bgBit;
+
+                startRow = 1;
+
+                pbm_readpbmrow_bitoffset(
+                    inpamP->file, outrow, inpamP->width, inpamP->format,
+                    padleft);
+
+                bgBit = pbm_backgroundbitrow(outrow, inpamP->width, padleft);
+                background = bgBit == PBM_BLACK ? 0xff : 0x00;
+
+                backChange = (fileSeq == 0 || background != backgroundPrev);
+            } break;
+            case PAD_WHITE:
+            case PAD_BLACK:
+                startRow = 0;
+                backChange = (fileSeq == 0);
+                break;
+            }
+
+            if (backChange ||
+                (fileSeq > 0 && inpam[fileSeq-1].width > inpamP->width)) {
+                unsigned int const padright =
+                    outpamP->width - padleft - inpamP->width;
+
+                if (padleft > 0)
+                    padFillBitrow(outrow, background, padleft, 0);
+
+                if (padright > 0)
+                    padFillBitrow(outrow, background, padright,
+                                  padleft + inpamP->width);
+
+            }
+        }
+
+        if (startRow == 1)
+            /* Top row already read for auto background color
+               determination.  Write it out.
+            */
+            pbm_writepbmrow_packed(outpamP->file, outrow, outpamP->width, 0);
+
+        for (row = startRow; row < inpamP->height; ++row) {
+            pbm_readpbmrow_bitoffset(inpamP->file, outrow, inpamP->width,
+                                     inpamP->format, padleft);
+            pbm_writepbmrow_packed(outpamP->file, outrow, outpamP->width, 0);
+        }
+
+        backgroundPrev = background;
+    }
+    pbm_freerow_packed(outrow);
+}
+
+
+
+static void
+padPlanesRow(const struct pam *  const inpamP,
+             tuple *             const outrow,
+             const struct pam *  const outpamP) {
+/*----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  Rearrange the planes of *outrow as needed to transform them into tuples
+  as described by *outpamP from tuples as described by *inpamP.
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+    TtTransform const ttTransform = ttXformForImg(inpamP, outpamP);
+
+    assert(inpamP->allocation_depth >= outpamP->depth);
+
+    if (ttTransform.mustPromoteOpacity) {
+        unsigned int col;
+
+        assert(outpamP->depth >= PAM_TRN_PLANE);
+
+        for (col = 0; col < inpamP->width; ++col) {
+            outrow[col][outpamP->opacity_plane] =
+                outrow[col][inpamP->opacity_plane];
+        }
+    }
+    if (ttTransform.mustPromoteColor) {
+        unsigned int col;
+
+        assert(outpamP->depth >= PAM_GRN_PLANE);
+        assert(outpamP->depth >= PAM_BLU_PLANE);
+
+        for (col = 0; col < inpamP->width; ++col) {
+            assert(PAM_RED_PLANE == 0);
+            outrow[col][PAM_GRN_PLANE] = outrow[col][0];
+            outrow[col][PAM_BLU_PLANE] = outrow[col][0];
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (ttTransform.mustCreateOpacity) {
+        unsigned int col;
+
+        for (col = 0; col < inpamP->width; ++col)
+            outrow[col][outpamP->opacity_plane] = outpamP->maxval;
+    }
+
+    if (ttTransform.mustPadZero) {
+        unsigned int plane;
+
+        for (plane = inpamP->depth; plane < outpamP->depth; ++plane) {
+            unsigned int col;
+
+            for (col = 0; col < inpamP->width; ++col)
+                outrow[col][plane] = 0;
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+
+
+typedef struct {
+/*----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+   Parameters and state for placing a row of a particular input image in
+   the output in a left-right concatenation.
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+    tuple *      cachedRow;
+        /* Contents of the current row of the image, with depth and maxval
+           adjusted for output, in malloc'ed space belonging to this object.
+           Input file is positioned past this row.  Null if data not present
+           and input file is positioned to the current row.
+        */
+    tuple *      out;
+        /* Point in output row buffer where the row from this image goes */
+    tuple        background;
+    unsigned int padtop;
+        /* Number of rows of padding that go above this image in the output */
+} LrImgCtl;
+
+
+
+static void
+createLrImgCtlArray(const struct pam *  const inpam,  /* array */
+                    unsigned int        const fileCt,
+                    tuple *             const newTuplerow,
+                    const struct pam *  const outpamP,
+                    enum Justification  const justification,
+                    enum PadColorMethod const padColorMethod,
+                    LrImgCtl **         const imgCtlP) {
+
+    LrImgCtl * imgCtl;  /* array */
+    unsigned int fileSeq;
+
+    MALLOCARRAY_NOFAIL(imgCtl, fileCt);
+
+    for (fileSeq = 0; fileSeq < fileCt; ++fileSeq) {
+        LrImgCtl *         const thisEntryP = &imgCtl[fileSeq];
+        const struct pam * const inpamP     = &inpam[fileSeq];
+
+        switch (justification) {  /* Determine top padding */
+            case JUST_MIN:
+                thisEntryP->padtop = 0;
+                break;
+            case JUST_MAX:
+                thisEntryP->padtop = outpamP->height - inpamP->height;
+                break;
+            case JUST_CENTER:
+                thisEntryP->padtop = (outpamP->height - inpamP->height) / 2;
+                break;
+        }
+
+        thisEntryP->out =
+            (fileSeq == 0 ?
+             &newTuplerow[0] : imgCtl[fileSeq-1].out + inpam[fileSeq-1].width);
+
+        if (inpamP->height == outpamP->height) { /* no vertical padding */
+            thisEntryP->cachedRow  = NULL;
+            pnm_createBlackTuple(outpamP, &thisEntryP->background);
+                /* Meaningless because no padding */
+        } else {
+            /* Determine pad color */
+            switch (padColorMethod){
+            case PAD_AUTO:
+                thisEntryP->cachedRow = pnm_allocpamrow(inpamP);
+                pnm_readpamrow(inpamP, thisEntryP->cachedRow);
+                pnm_scaletuplerow(inpamP, thisEntryP->cachedRow,
+                                  thisEntryP->cachedRow, outpamP->maxval);
+                padPlanesRow(inpamP, thisEntryP->cachedRow, outpamP);
+                {
+                    struct pam cachedRowPam;
+                    cachedRowPam = *outpamP;
+                    cachedRowPam.width = inpamP->width;
+                    thisEntryP->background = pnm_backgroundtuplerow(
+                        &cachedRowPam, thisEntryP->cachedRow);
+                }
+                break;
+            case PAD_BLACK:
+                thisEntryP->cachedRow = NULL;
+                pnm_createBlackTuple(outpamP, &thisEntryP->background);
+                break;
+            case PAD_WHITE:
+                thisEntryP->cachedRow = NULL;
+                pnm_createWhiteTuple(outpamP, &thisEntryP->background);
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+        if (outpamP->visual) {
+            /* Any opacity sample in background color tuple is meaningless at
+               this point; make it opaque.
+            */
+            if (outpamP->have_opacity) {
+                thisEntryP->background[outpamP->opacity_plane] =
+                    outpamP->maxval;
+            }
+        }
+
+    }
+    *imgCtlP = imgCtl;
+}
+
+
+
+static void
+destroyLrImgCtlArray(LrImgCtl *   const imgCtl,  /* array */
+                     unsigned int const fileCt) {
+
+    unsigned int fileSeq;
+
+    for (fileSeq = 0; fileSeq < fileCt; ++fileSeq) {
+        LrImgCtl * const thisEntryP = &imgCtl[fileSeq];
+
+        pnm_freepamtuple(thisEntryP->background);
+        pnm_freepamrow(thisEntryP->cachedRow);
+    }
+
+    free(imgCtl);
+}
+
+
+
+static void
+concatenateLeftRightGen(const struct pam *  const outpamP,
+                        const struct pam *  const inpam,  /* array */
+                        unsigned int        const fileCt,
+                        enum Justification  const justification,
+                        enum PadColorMethod const padColorMethod) {
+
+    tuple * const outrow = pnm_allocpamrow(outpamP);
+
+    LrImgCtl *   imgCtl;
+    unsigned int row;
+
+    createLrImgCtlArray(inpam, fileCt, outrow, outpamP,
+                        justification, padColorMethod,
+                        &imgCtl);
+
+    for (row = 0; row < outpamP->height; ++row) {
+        unsigned int fileSeq;
+
+        for (fileSeq = 0; fileSeq < fileCt; ++fileSeq) {
+            LrImgCtl *   const thisEntryP   = &imgCtl[fileSeq];
+            const struct pam * const inpamP = &inpam[fileSeq];
+
+            if ((row == 0 && thisEntryP->padtop > 0) ||
+                row == thisEntryP->padtop + inpamP->height) {
+                /* This row begins a run of padding, either above or below
+                   image 'fileSeq', so set its part of outrow[] to padding.
+                */
+                unsigned int col;
+                for (col = 0; col < inpamP->width; ++col) {
+                    pnm_assigntuple(outpamP, thisEntryP->out[col],
+                                    thisEntryP->background);
+                }
+            }
+            if (row == thisEntryP->padtop && thisEntryP->cachedRow) {
+                /* We're at the top row of image 'fileSeq', and that row
+                   has already been read to cachedRow[] to determine
+                   background.  Copy it to image fileseq's part of outrow[].
+                */
+                unsigned int col;
+                for (col = 0; col < inpamP->width; ++col) {
+                    pnm_assigntuple(outpamP, thisEntryP->out[col],
+                                    thisEntryP->cachedRow[col]);
+                }
+                free(thisEntryP->cachedRow);
+                thisEntryP->cachedRow = NULL;
+            } else if (row >= thisEntryP->padtop &&
+                       row < thisEntryP->padtop + inpamP->height) {
+                pnm_readpamrow(inpamP, thisEntryP->out);
+                pnm_scaletuplerow(inpamP, thisEntryP->out,
+                                  thisEntryP->out, outpamP->maxval);
+                padPlanesRow(inpamP, thisEntryP->out, outpamP);
+            } else {
+                /* It's a row of padding, so image filesSeq's part of outrow[]
+                   is already set appropriately.
+                */
+            }
+        }
+        /* Note that imgCtl[N].out[] is an alias to part of outrow[], so
+           outrow[] has been set.
+        */
+        pnm_writepamrow(outpamP, outrow);
+    }
+    destroyLrImgCtlArray(imgCtl, fileCt);
+
+    pnm_freepamrow(outrow);
+}
+
+
+
+static tuple
+initialBackgroundColor(const struct pam *  const outpamP,
+                       enum PadColorMethod const padColorMethod) {
+
+    tuple retval;
+
+    switch (padColorMethod) {
+    case PAD_AUTO:
+        /* Background is different for each input image */
+        retval = pnm_allocpamtuple(outpamP);
+            /* Dummy value; just need something to free */
+        break;
+    case PAD_BLACK:
+        pnm_createBlackTuple(outpamP, &retval);
+        break;
+    case PAD_WHITE:
+        pnm_createWhiteTuple(outpamP, &retval);
+        break;
+    }
+
+    if (outpamP->visual) {
+        /* Any opacity sample in background color tuple is meaningless at this
+           point; make it opaque.
+        */
+        if (outpamP->have_opacity)
+            retval[outpamP->opacity_plane] = outpamP->maxval;
+    }
+
+    return retval;
+}
+
+
+
+static unsigned int
+leftPadAmount(const struct pam * const outpamP,
+              const struct pam * const inpamP,
+              enum Justification const justification) {
+
+    switch (justification) {
+    case JUST_MIN:    return 0;
+    case JUST_MAX:    return outpamP->width - inpamP->width;
+    case JUST_CENTER: return (outpamP->width - inpamP->width) / 2;
+    }
+    assert(false);
+}
+
+
+
+static void
+setHorizPadding(tuple *            const newTuplerow,
+                const struct pam * const outpamP,
+                bool               const backChanged,
+                const struct pam * const inpam,  /* array */
+                unsigned int       const imageSeq,
+                unsigned int       const padLeft,
+                tuple              const background) {
+/*----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+   Set the left and right padding for an output row in a top-bottom
+   concatenation.
+
+   'newTuplerow' is where we set the padding (and also assumed to hold the
+   contents of the previous output row).  *outpamP describes it.
+
+   'backChanged' means the background color is different for the current row
+   from that of the previous row.
+
+   inpam[] is the array of descriptors for all the input images.  'imageSeq'
+   is the index into this array for the current image.
+
+   'background' is the background color to set.
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+    if (backChanged ||
+        (imageSeq > 0 && inpam[imageSeq-1].width > inpam[imageSeq].width)) {
+        unsigned int col;
+
+        for (col = 0; col < padLeft; ++col)
+            pnm_assigntuple(outpamP, newTuplerow[col], background);
+        for (col = padLeft + inpam[imageSeq].width;
+             col < outpamP->width;
+             ++col) {
+            pnm_assigntuple(outpamP, newTuplerow[col], background);
+        }
+    } else {
+        /* No need to pad because newTuplerow[] already contains the
+           correct padding from the previous row.
+        */
+    }
+}
+
+
+
+static void
+readFirstTBRowAndDetermineBackground(const struct pam *  const inpamP,
+                                     const struct pam *  const outpamP,
+                                     tuple *             const out,
+                                     tuple *             const backgroundP) {
+/*----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+   Read the first row of an input image into 'out', adjusting it to conform
+   to the output depth and maxval described by *outpamP.
+
+   The image is positioned to the first row at entry.
+
+   From this row, determine the background color for the input image and
+   return it as *backgroundP (a newly malloced tuple).
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+    pnm_readpamrow(inpamP, out);
+
+    pnm_scaletuplerow(inpamP, out, out, outpamP->maxval);
+
+    padPlanesRow(inpamP, out, outpamP);
+
+    {
+        struct pam partialOutpam;
+            /* Descriptor for the input image with depth and maxval adjusted to
+               that of the output image.
+            */
+        tuple background;
+
+        partialOutpam = *outpamP;
+        partialOutpam.width = inpamP->width;
+
+        background = pnm_backgroundtuplerow(&partialOutpam, out);
+
+        if (outpamP->visual) {
+            /* Make the background opaque. */
+            if (outpamP->have_opacity)
+                background[outpamP->opacity_plane] = outpamP->maxval;
+        }
+
+        *backgroundP = background;
+    }
+}
+
+
+
+static void
+concatenateTopBottomGen(const struct pam *  const outpamP,
+                        const struct pam *  const inpam,  /* array */
+                        unsigned int        const fileCt,
+                        enum Justification  const justification,
+                        enum PadColorMethod const padColorMethod) {
+
+    tuple * const newTuplerow = pnm_allocpamrow(outpamP);
+    tuple * out;
+        /* The location in newTuplerow[] that the row from the current
+           input image goes.
+        */
+    unsigned int fileSeq;
+    tuple background;
+    tuple backgroundPrev;
+
+    background = initialBackgroundColor(outpamP, padColorMethod);
+
+    for (fileSeq = 0; fileSeq < fileCt; ++fileSeq) {
+        const struct pam * const inpamP = &inpam[fileSeq];
+
+        unsigned int row;
+        unsigned int startRow;
+        bool backChanged;
+            /* The background color is different from that of the previous
+               input image.
+            */
+
+        if (inpamP->width == outpamP->width) {
+            /* no padding */
+            startRow = 0;
+            backChanged = false;
+            out = &newTuplerow[0];
+        } else {
+            unsigned int const padLeft =
+                leftPadAmount(outpamP, inpamP, justification);
+
+            if (padColorMethod == PAD_AUTO) {
+                out = &newTuplerow[padLeft];
+                backgroundPrev = background;
+                readFirstTBRowAndDetermineBackground(
+                    inpamP, outpamP, out, &background);
+
+                backChanged =
+                    fileSeq == 0 ||
+                        pnm_tupleequal(outpamP, background, backgroundPrev);
+                pnm_freepamtuple(backgroundPrev);
+
+                startRow = 1;
+            } else {
+                /* Background color is constant: black or white */
+                startRow = 0;
+                out = &newTuplerow[padLeft];
+                backChanged = (fileSeq == 0);
+            }
+
+            setHorizPadding(newTuplerow, outpamP, backChanged, inpam, fileSeq,
+                            padLeft, background);
+        }
+
+        if (startRow == 1)
+            /* Top row was already read for auto background color
+               determination.  Write it out.
+            */
+            pnm_writepamrow(outpamP, newTuplerow);
+
+        for (row = startRow; row < inpamP->height; ++row) {
+            pnm_readpamrow(inpamP, out);
+
+            pnm_scaletuplerow(inpamP, out, out, outpamP->maxval);
+
+            padPlanesRow(inpamP, out, outpamP);
+
+            pnm_writepamrow(outpamP, newTuplerow);
+        }
+    }
+    pnm_freepamtuple(background);
+    pnm_freepamrow(newTuplerow);
+}
+
+
+
+int
+main(int           argc,
+     const char ** argv) {
+
+    struct CmdlineInfo cmdline;
+    struct pam * inpam;  /* malloc'ed array */
+    struct pam outpam;
+    unsigned int i;
+
+    pm_proginit(&argc, argv);
+
+    parseCommandLine(argc, argv, &cmdline);
+
+    MALLOCARRAY_NOFAIL(inpam, cmdline.fileCt);
+
+    for (i = 0; i < cmdline.fileCt; ++i) {
+        FILE * const ifP = pm_openr(cmdline.inputFileName[i]);
+        inpam[i].comment_p = NULL;  /* Don't want to see the comments */
+        pnm_readpaminit(ifP, &inpam[i], PAM_STRUCT_SIZE(opacity_plane));
+    }
+
+    computeOutputParms(cmdline.fileCt, cmdline.orientation, inpam,
+                       cmdline.verbose, &outpam);
+
+    outpam.file = stdout;
+
+    for (i = 0; i < cmdline.fileCt; ++i)
+        pnm_setminallocationdepth(&inpam[i], outpam.depth);
+
+    pnm_writepaminit(&outpam);
+
+    if (outpam.format == RPBM_FORMAT) {
+        switch (cmdline.orientation) {
+        case LEFTRIGHT:
+            concatenateLeftRightPbm(&outpam, inpam, cmdline.fileCt,
+                                    cmdline.justification,
+                                    cmdline.padColorMethod);
+            break;
+        case TOPBOTTOM:
+            concatenateTopBottomPbm(&outpam, inpam, cmdline.fileCt,
+                                    cmdline.justification,
+                                    cmdline.padColorMethod);
+            break;
+        }
+    } else {
+        switch (cmdline.orientation) {
+        case LEFTRIGHT:
+            concatenateLeftRightGen(&outpam, inpam, cmdline.fileCt,
+                                    cmdline.justification,
+                                    cmdline.padColorMethod);
+            break;
+        case TOPBOTTOM:
+            concatenateTopBottomGen(&outpam, inpam, cmdline.fileCt,
+                                    cmdline.justification,
+                                    cmdline.padColorMethod);
+            break;
+        }
+    }
+    for (i = 0; i < cmdline.fileCt; ++i)
+        pm_close(inpam[i].file);
+    free(cmdline.inputFileName);
+    free(inpam);
+    pm_close(stdout);
+
+    return 0;
+}
+
+
+
diff --git a/editor/pamlevels.c b/editor/pamlevels.c
index a282751a..de2afc45 100644
--- a/editor/pamlevels.c
+++ b/editor/pamlevels.c
@@ -5,7 +5,6 @@
 #include <stdlib.h>
 
 #include "netpbm/pam.h"
-#include "netpbm/pm_system.h"
 #include "netpbm/pm_gamma.h"
 #include "netpbm/nstring.h"
 #include "netpbm/ppm.h"
diff --git a/editor/pnmcat.c b/editor/pnmcat.c
deleted file mode 100644
index fea80181..00000000
--- a/editor/pnmcat.c
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,879 +0,0 @@
-/* pnmcat.c - concatenate PNM images
-**
-** Copyright (C) 1989, 1991 by Jef Poskanzer.
-**
-** Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software and its
-** documentation for any purpose and without fee is hereby granted, provided
-** that the above copyright notice appear in all copies and that both that
-** copyright notice and this permission notice appear in supporting
-** documentation.  This software is provided "as is" without express or
-** implied warranty.
-*/
-
-#include <assert.h>
-
-#include "pm_c_util.h"
-#include "mallocvar.h"
-#include "shhopt.h"
-#include "bitarith.h"
-#include "nstring.h"
-#include "pnm.h"
-
-#define LEFTBITS pm_byteLeftBits
-#define RIGHTBITS pm_byteRightBits
-
-enum backcolor {BACK_WHITE, BACK_BLACK, BACK_AUTO};
-
-enum orientation {TOPBOTTOM, LEFTRIGHT};
-
-enum justification {JUST_CENTER, JUST_MIN, JUST_MAX};
-
-typedef struct {
-    /* This obviously should be a struct pam.  We should convert this
-       to 'pamcat'.
-    */
-    FILE * ifP;
-    int    cols;
-    int    rows;
-    int    format;
-    xelval maxval;
-} ImgInfo;
-
-
-
-struct CmdlineInfo {
-    /* All the information the user supplied in the command line,
-       in a form easy for the program to use.
-    */
-    const char ** inputFilespec;
-    unsigned int nfiles;
-    enum backcolor backcolor;
-    enum orientation orientation;
-    enum justification justification;
-};
-
-
-
-static void
-parseCommandLine(int argc, const char ** const argv,
-                 struct CmdlineInfo * const cmdlineP) {
-/*----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-   Note that the file spec array we return is stored in the storage that
-   was passed to us as the argv array.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
-    optEntry * option_def;
-        /* Instructions to OptParseOptions3() on how to parse our options.
-         */
-    optStruct3 opt;
-
-    unsigned int option_def_index;
-
-    unsigned int leftright, topbottom, black, white, jtop, jbottom,
-        jleft, jright, jcenter;
-
-    MALLOCARRAY_NOFAIL(option_def, 100);
-
-    option_def_index = 0;   /* incremented by OPTENTRY */
-    OPTENT3(0, "leftright",  OPT_FLAG,   NULL, &leftright,   0);
-    OPTENT3(0, "lr",         OPT_FLAG,   NULL, &leftright,   0);
-    OPTENT3(0, "topbottom",  OPT_FLAG,   NULL, &topbottom,   0);
-    OPTENT3(0, "tb",         OPT_FLAG,   NULL, &topbottom,   0);
-    OPTENT3(0, "black",      OPT_FLAG,   NULL, &black,       0);
-    OPTENT3(0, "white",      OPT_FLAG,   NULL, &white,       0);
-    OPTENT3(0, "jtop",       OPT_FLAG,   NULL, &jtop,        0);
-    OPTENT3(0, "jbottom",    OPT_FLAG,   NULL, &jbottom,     0);
-    OPTENT3(0, "jleft",      OPT_FLAG,   NULL, &jleft,       0);
-    OPTENT3(0, "jright",     OPT_FLAG,   NULL, &jright,      0);
-    OPTENT3(0, "jcenter",    OPT_FLAG,   NULL, &jcenter,     0);
-
-    opt.opt_table = option_def;
-    opt.short_allowed = FALSE;  /* We have no short (old-fashioned) options */
-    opt.allowNegNum = FALSE;  /* We have no parms that are negative numbers */
-
-    pm_optParseOptions3(&argc, (char **)argv, opt, sizeof(opt), 0);
-        /* Uses and sets argc, argv, and some of *cmdlineP and others. */
-
-    free(option_def);
-
-    if (leftright + topbottom > 1)
-        pm_error("You may specify only one of -topbottom (-tb) and "
-                 "-leftright (-lr)");
-    else if (leftright)
-        cmdlineP->orientation = LEFTRIGHT;
-    else if (topbottom)
-        cmdlineP->orientation = TOPBOTTOM;
-    else
-        pm_error("You must specify either -leftright or -topbottom");
-
-    if (black + white > 1)
-        pm_error("You may specify only one of -black and -white");
-    else if (black)
-        cmdlineP->backcolor = BACK_BLACK;
-    else if (white)
-        cmdlineP->backcolor = BACK_WHITE;
-    else
-        cmdlineP->backcolor = BACK_AUTO;
-
-    if (jtop + jbottom + jleft + jright + jcenter > 1)
-        pm_error("You may specify only one of -jtop, -jbottom, "
-                 "-jleft, and -jright");
-    else {
-        switch (cmdlineP->orientation) {
-        case LEFTRIGHT:
-            if (jleft)
-                pm_error("-jleft is invalid with -leftright");
-            if (jright)
-                pm_error("-jright is invalid with -leftright");
-            if (jtop)
-                cmdlineP->justification = JUST_MIN;
-            else if (jbottom)
-                cmdlineP->justification = JUST_MAX;
-            else if (jcenter)
-                cmdlineP->justification = JUST_CENTER;
-            else
-                cmdlineP->justification = JUST_CENTER;
-            break;
-        case TOPBOTTOM:
-            if (jtop)
-                pm_error("-jtop is invalid with -topbottom");
-            if (jbottom)
-                pm_error("-jbottom is invalid with -topbottom");
-            if (jleft)
-                cmdlineP->justification = JUST_MIN;
-            else if (jright)
-                cmdlineP->justification = JUST_MAX;
-            else if (jcenter)
-                cmdlineP->justification = JUST_CENTER;
-            else
-                cmdlineP->justification = JUST_CENTER;
-            break;
-        }
-    }
-
-    if (argc-1 < 1) {
-        MALLOCARRAY_NOFAIL(cmdlineP->inputFilespec, 1);
-        cmdlineP->inputFilespec[0] = "-";
-        cmdlineP->nfiles = 1;
-    } else {
-        unsigned int i;
-        unsigned int stdinCt;
-            /* Number of input files user specified as Standard Input */
-
-        MALLOCARRAY_NOFAIL(cmdlineP->inputFilespec, argc-1);
-
-        for (i = 0, stdinCt = 0; i < argc-1; ++i) {
-            cmdlineP->inputFilespec[i] = argv[1+i];
-            if (streq(argv[1+i], "-"))
-                ++stdinCt;
-        }
-        cmdlineP->nfiles = argc-1;
-        if (stdinCt > 1)
-            pm_error("At most one input image can come from Standard Input.  "
-                     "You specified %u", stdinCt);
-    }
-}
-
-
-
-static void
-computeOutputParms(unsigned int     const nfiles,
-                   enum orientation const orientation,
-                   ImgInfo          const img[],
-                   unsigned int *   const newcolsP,
-                   unsigned int *   const newrowsP,
-                   xelval *         const newmaxvalP,
-                   int *            const newformatP) {
-
-    double newcols, newrows;
-    int newformat;
-    xelval newmaxval;
-
-    unsigned int i;
-
-    newcols = 0;
-    newrows = 0;
-
-    for (i = 0; i < nfiles; ++i) {
-        const ImgInfo * const imgP = &img[i];
-
-        if (i == 0) {
-            newmaxval = imgP->maxval;
-            newformat = imgP->format;
-        } else {
-            if (PNM_FORMAT_TYPE(imgP->format) > PNM_FORMAT_TYPE(newformat))
-                newformat = imgP->format;
-            if (imgP->maxval > newmaxval)
-                newmaxval = imgP->maxval;
-        }
-        switch (orientation) {
-        case LEFTRIGHT:
-            newcols += imgP->cols;
-            if (imgP->rows > newrows)
-                newrows = imgP->rows;
-            break;
-        case TOPBOTTOM:
-            newrows += imgP->rows;
-            if (imgP->cols > newcols)
-                newcols = imgP->cols;
-            break;
-        }
-    }
-
-    /* Note that while 'double' is not in general a precise numerical type,
-       in the case of a sum of integers which is less than INT_MAX, it
-       is exact, because double's precision is greater than int's.
-    */
-    if (newcols > INT_MAX)
-       pm_error("Output width too large: %.0f.", newcols);
-    if (newrows > INT_MAX)
-       pm_error("Output height too large: %.0f.", newrows);
-
-    *newrowsP   = (unsigned int)newrows;
-    *newcolsP   = (unsigned int)newcols;
-    *newmaxvalP = newmaxval;
-    *newformatP = newformat;
-}
-
-
-
-static void
-copyBitrow(const unsigned char * const source,
-           unsigned char *       const destBitrow,
-           unsigned int          const cols,
-           unsigned int          const offset) {
-/*----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-  Copy from source to destBitrow, without shifting.  Preserve
-  surrounding image data.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
-    unsigned char * const dest = & destBitrow[ offset/8 ];
-        /* Copy destination, with leading full bytes ignored. */
-    unsigned int const rs = offset % 8;
-        /* The "little offset", as measured from start of dest.  Source
-           is already shifted by this value.
-        */
-    unsigned int const trs = (cols + rs) % 8;
-        /* The number of partial bits in the final char. */
-    unsigned int const colByteCnt = pbm_packed_bytes(cols + rs);
-        /* # bytes to process, including partial ones on both ends. */
-    unsigned int const last = colByteCnt - 1;
-
-    unsigned char const origHead = dest[0];
-    unsigned char const origEnd  = dest[last];
-
-    unsigned int i;
-
-    assert(colByteCnt >= 1);
-
-    for (i = 0; i < colByteCnt; ++i)
-        dest[i] = source[i];
-
-    if (rs > 0)
-        dest[0] = LEFTBITS(origHead, rs) | RIGHTBITS(dest[0], 8-rs);
-
-    if (trs > 0)
-        dest[last] = LEFTBITS(dest[last], trs) | RIGHTBITS(origEnd, 8-trs);
-}
-
-
-
-static void
-padFillBitrow(unsigned char * const destBitrow,
-              unsigned char   const padColor,
-              unsigned int    const cols,
-              unsigned int    const offset) {
-/*----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-   Fill destBitrow, starting at offset, with padColor.  padColor is a
-   byte -- 0x00 or 0xff -- not a single bit.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
-    unsigned char * const dest = &destBitrow[offset/8];
-    unsigned int const rs = offset % 8;
-    unsigned int const trs = (cols + rs) % 8;
-    unsigned int const colByteCnt = pbm_packed_bytes(cols + rs);
-    unsigned int const last = colByteCnt - 1;
-
-    unsigned char const origHead = dest[0];
-    unsigned char const origEnd  = dest[last];
-
-    unsigned int i;
-
-    assert(colByteCnt > 0);
-
-    for (i = 0; i < colByteCnt; ++i)
-        dest[i] = padColor;
-
-    if (rs > 0)
-        dest[0] = LEFTBITS(origHead, rs) | RIGHTBITS(dest[0], 8-rs);
-
-    if (trs > 0)
-        dest[last] = LEFTBITS(dest[last], trs) | RIGHTBITS(origEnd, 8-trs);
-}
-
-
-
-/* concatenateLeftRightPBM() and concatenateLeftRightGen()
-   employ almost identical algorithms.
-   The difference is in the data types and functions.
-
-   Same for concatenateTopBottomPBM() and concatenateTopBottomGen().
-*/
-
-
-typedef struct {
-    /* Information about one image */
-    unsigned char * proberow;
-        /* Top row of image, when background color is
-           auto-determined.
-        */
-    unsigned int offset;
-        /* start position of image, in bits, counting from left
-           edge
-        */
-    unsigned char background;
-        /* Background color.  0x00 means white; 0xff means black */
-    unsigned int padtop;
-        /* Top padding amount */
-} ImgInfoPbm2;
-
-
-
-static void
-getPbmImageInfo(ImgInfo               const img[],
-                unsigned int          const nfiles,
-                unsigned int          const newrows,
-                enum justification    const justification,
-                enum backcolor        const backcolor,
-                ImgInfoPbm2 **        const img2P) {
-/*----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-   Read the first row of each image in img[] and return that and additional
-   information about images as *img2P.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
-    ImgInfoPbm2 * img2;
-    unsigned int i;
-
-    MALLOCARRAY_NOFAIL(img2, nfiles);
-
-    for (i = 0; i < nfiles; ++i) {
-        switch (justification) {
-        case JUST_MIN:    img2[i].padtop = 0;                           break;
-        case JUST_MAX:    img2[i].padtop = newrows - img[i].rows;       break;
-        case JUST_CENTER: img2[i].padtop = (newrows - img[i].rows) / 2; break;
-        }
-
-        img2[i].offset = (i == 0) ? 0 : img2[i-1].offset + img[i-1].cols;
-
-        if (img[i].rows == newrows)  /* no padding */
-            img2[i].proberow = NULL;
-        else {                   /* determine pad color for image i */
-            switch (backcolor) {
-            case BACK_AUTO: {
-                bit bgBit;
-                img2[i].proberow =
-                    pbm_allocrow_packed((unsigned int)img[i].cols + 7);
-                pbm_readpbmrow_bitoffset(
-                    img[i].ifP, img2[i].proberow,
-                    img[i].cols, img[i].format, img2[i].offset % 8);
-
-                bgBit = pbm_backgroundbitrow(
-                    img2[i].proberow, img[i].cols, img2[i].offset % 8);
-
-                img2[i].background = bgBit == PBM_BLACK ? 0xff : 0x00;
-            } break;
-            case BACK_BLACK:
-                img2[i].proberow   = NULL;
-                img2[i].background = 0xff;
-                break;
-            case BACK_WHITE:
-                img2[i].proberow   = NULL;
-                img2[i].background = 0x00;
-                break;
-            }
-        }
-    }
-    *img2P = img2;
-}
-
-
-
-static void
-destroyPbmImg2(ImgInfoPbm2 * const img2,
-               unsigned int  const nfiles) {
-
-    unsigned int i;
-
-    for (i = 0; i < nfiles; ++i) {
-        if (img2[i].proberow)
-            free(img2[i].proberow);
-    }
-    free(img2);
-}
-
-
-
-static void
-concatenateLeftRightPbm(FILE *             const ofP,
-                        unsigned int       const nfiles,
-                        unsigned int       const newcols,
-                        unsigned int       const newrows,
-                        enum justification const justification,
-                        ImgInfo            const img[],
-                        enum backcolor     const backcolor) {
-
-    unsigned char * const outrow = pbm_allocrow_packed(newcols);
-        /* We use just one outrow.  All padding and image data (with the
-           exception of following img2.proberow) goes directly into this
-           packed PBM row.
-        */
-
-    ImgInfoPbm2 * img2;
-        /* malloc'ed array, one element per image.  Shadows img[] */
-    unsigned int row;
-
-    getPbmImageInfo(img, nfiles, newrows, justification, backcolor, &img2);
-
-    outrow[pbm_packed_bytes(newcols)-1] = 0x00;
-
-    for (row = 0; row < newrows; ++row) {
-        unsigned int i;
-
-        for (i = 0; i < nfiles; ++i) {
-
-            if ((row == 0 && img2[i].padtop > 0) ||
-                row == img2[i].padtop + img[i].rows) {
-
-                /* This row begins a run of padding, either above or below
-                   file 'i', so set 'outrow' to padding.
-                */
-                padFillBitrow(outrow, img2[i].background, img[i].cols,
-                              img2[i].offset);
-            }
-
-            if (row == img2[i].padtop && img2[i].proberow != NULL) {
-                /* Top row has been read to proberow[] to determine
-                   background.  Copy it to outrow[].
-                */
-                copyBitrow(img2[i].proberow, outrow,
-                           img[i].cols, img2[i].offset);
-            } else if (row >= img2[i].padtop &&
-                       row < img2[i].padtop + img[i].rows) {
-                pbm_readpbmrow_bitoffset(
-                    img[i].ifP, outrow, img[i].cols, img[i].format,
-                    img2[i].offset);
-            } else {
-                /* It's a row of padding, so outrow[] is already set
-                   appropriately.
-                */
-            }
-        }
-        pbm_writepbmrow_packed(ofP, outrow, newcols, 0);
-    }
-
-    destroyPbmImg2(img2, nfiles);
-
-    pbm_freerow_packed(outrow);
-}
-
-
-
-static void
-concatenateTopBottomPbm(FILE *             const ofP,
-                        unsigned int       const nfiles,
-                        int                const newcols,
-                        int                const newrows,
-                        enum justification const justification,
-                        ImgInfo            const img[],
-                        enum backcolor     const backcolor) {
-
-    unsigned char * const outrow = pbm_allocrow_packed(newcols);
-        /* Like the left-right PBM case, all padding and image data
-           goes directly into outrow.  There is no proberow.
-        */
-    unsigned char background, backgroundPrev;
-        /* 0x00 means white; 0xff means black */
-    unsigned int  padleft;
-    bool          backChange;
-        /* Background color is different from that of the previous
-           input image.
-        */
-
-    unsigned int i;
-    unsigned int row, startRow;
-
-    outrow[pbm_packed_bytes(newcols)-1] = 0x00;
-
-    switch (backcolor){
-    case BACK_AUTO:   /* do nothing */    break;
-    case BACK_BLACK:  background = 0xff;  break;
-    case BACK_WHITE:  background = 0x00;  break;
-    }
-
-    for (i = 0; i < nfiles; ++i) {
-        if (img[i].cols == newcols) {
-            /* No padding */
-            startRow = 0;
-            backChange = FALSE;
-            padleft = 0;
-            outrow[pbm_packed_bytes(newcols)-1] = 0x00;
-        } else {
-            /* Determine amount of padding and color */
-            switch (justification) {
-            case JUST_MIN:     padleft = 0;                           break;
-            case JUST_MAX:     padleft = newcols - img[i].cols;       break;
-            case JUST_CENTER:  padleft = (newcols - img[i].cols) / 2; break;
-            }
-
-            switch (backcolor) {
-            case BACK_AUTO: {
-                bit bgBit;
-
-                startRow = 1;
-
-                pbm_readpbmrow_bitoffset(img[i].ifP,
-                                         outrow, img[i].cols, img[i].format,
-                                         padleft);
-
-                bgBit = pbm_backgroundbitrow(outrow, img[i].cols, padleft);
-                background = bgBit == PBM_BLACK ? 0xff : 0x00;
-
-                backChange = (i == 0 || background != backgroundPrev);
-            } break;
-            case BACK_WHITE:
-            case BACK_BLACK:
-                startRow = 0;
-                backChange = (i==0);
-                break;
-            }
-
-            if (backChange || (i > 0 && img[i-1].cols > img[i].cols)) {
-                unsigned int const padright = newcols - padleft - img[i].cols;
-
-                if (padleft > 0)
-                    padFillBitrow(outrow, background, padleft, 0);
-
-                if (padright > 0)
-                    padFillBitrow(outrow, background, padright,
-                                  padleft + img[i].cols);
-
-            }
-        }
-
-        if (startRow == 1)
-            /* Top row already read for auto background color
-               determination.  Write it out.
-            */
-            pbm_writepbmrow_packed(ofP, outrow, newcols, 0);
-
-        for (row = startRow; row < img[i].rows; ++row) {
-            pbm_readpbmrow_bitoffset(img[i].ifP, outrow, img[i].cols,
-                                     img[i].format, padleft);
-            pbm_writepbmrow_packed(ofP, outrow, newcols, 0);
-        }
-
-        backgroundPrev = background;
-    }
-    pbm_freerow_packed(outrow);
-}
-
-
-
-typedef struct {
-    xel * xelrow;
-    xel * inrow;
-    xel   background;
-    int   padtop;
-} ImgGen2;
-
-
-
-static void
-getGenImgInfo(ImgInfo            const img[],
-              unsigned int       const nfiles,
-              xel *              const newxelrow,
-              unsigned int       const newrows,
-              xelval             const newmaxval,
-              int                const newformat,
-              enum justification const justification,
-              enum backcolor     const backcolor,
-              ImgGen2 **         const img2P) {
-
-    ImgGen2 * img2;
-    unsigned int i;
-
-    MALLOCARRAY_NOFAIL(img2, nfiles);
-
-    for (i = 0; i < nfiles; ++i) {
-        switch (justification) {  /* Determine top padding */
-            case JUST_MIN:
-                img2[i].padtop = 0;
-                break;
-            case JUST_MAX:
-                img2[i].padtop = newrows - img[i].rows;
-                break;
-            case JUST_CENTER:
-                img2[i].padtop = (newrows - img[i].rows) / 2;
-                break;
-        }
-
-        img2[i].inrow =
-            (i == 0 ? &newxelrow[0] : img2[i-1].inrow + img[i-1].cols);
-
-        if (img[i].rows == newrows)  /* no padding */
-            img2[i].xelrow = NULL;
-        else {
-            /* Determine pad color */
-            switch (backcolor){
-            case BACK_AUTO:
-                img2[i].xelrow = pnm_allocrow(img[i].cols);
-                pnm_readpnmrow(img[i].ifP, img2[i].xelrow,
-                               img[i].cols, img[i].maxval, img[i].format);
-                pnm_promoteformatrow(img2[i].xelrow, img[i].cols,
-                                     img[i].maxval, img[i].format,
-                                     newmaxval, newformat);
-                img2[i].background = pnm_backgroundxelrow(
-                    img2[i].xelrow, img[i].cols, newmaxval, newformat);
-                break;
-            case BACK_BLACK:
-                img2[i].xelrow = NULL;
-                img2[i].background = pnm_blackxel(newmaxval, newformat);
-                break;
-            case BACK_WHITE:
-                img2[i].xelrow = NULL;
-                img2[i].background = pnm_whitexel(newmaxval, newformat);
-                break;
-            }
-        }
-    }
-    *img2P = img2;
-}
-
-
-
-static void
-concatenateLeftRightGen(FILE *             const ofP,
-                        unsigned int       const nfiles,
-                        unsigned int       const newcols,
-                        unsigned int       const newrows,
-                        xelval             const newmaxval,
-                        int                const newformat,
-                        enum justification const justification,
-                        ImgInfo            const img[],
-                        enum backcolor     const backcolor) {
-
-    xel * const outrow = pnm_allocrow(newcols);
-
-    ImgGen2 *    img2;
-    unsigned int row;
-
-    getGenImgInfo(img, nfiles, outrow, newrows,
-                  newmaxval, newformat, justification, backcolor, &img2);
-
-    for (row = 0; row < newrows; ++row) {
-        unsigned int i;
-
-        for (i = 0; i < nfiles; ++i) {
-            if ((row == 0 && img2[i].padtop > 0) ||
-                row == img2[i].padtop + img[i].rows) {
-                /* This row begins a run of padding, either above or below
-                   file 'i', so set 'outrow' to padding.
-                */
-                unsigned int col;
-                for (col = 0; col < img[i].cols; ++col)
-                    img2[i].inrow[col] = img2[i].background;
-            }
-            if (row == img2[i].padtop && img2[i].xelrow) {
-                /* We're at the top row of file 'i', and that row
-                   has already been read to xelrow[] to determine
-                   background.  Copy it to 'outrow'.
-                */
-                unsigned int col;
-                for (col = 0; col < img[i].cols; ++col)
-                    img2[i].inrow[col] = img2[i].xelrow[col];
-
-                free(img2[i].xelrow);
-            } else if (row >= img2[i].padtop &&
-                       row < img2[i].padtop + img[i].rows) {
-                pnm_readpnmrow(
-                    img[i].ifP, img2[i].inrow, img[i].cols, img[i].maxval,
-                    img[i].format);
-                pnm_promoteformatrow(
-                    img2[i].inrow, img[i].cols, img[i].maxval,
-                    img[i].format, newmaxval, newformat);
-            } else {
-                /* It's a row of padding, so outrow[] is already set
-                   appropriately.
-                */
-            }
-        }
-        /* Note that img2[N].inrow{] is an alias to part of outrow[], so
-           outrow[] has been set.
-        */
-        pnm_writepnmrow(ofP, outrow, newcols, newmaxval, newformat, 0);
-    }
-    pnm_freerow(outrow);
-}
-
-
-
-static void
-concatenateTopBottomGen(FILE *             const ofP,
-                        unsigned int       const nfiles,
-                        int                const newcols,
-                        int                const newrows,
-                        xelval             const newmaxval,
-                        int                const newformat,
-                        enum justification const justification,
-                        ImgInfo            const img[],
-                        enum backcolor     const backcolor) {
-
-    xel * const newxelrow = pnm_allocrow(newcols);
-    xel * inrow;
-    unsigned int padleft;
-    unsigned int i;
-    unsigned int row, startRow;
-    xel background, backgroundPrev;
-    bool backChange;
-        /* The background color is different from that of the previous
-           input image.
-        */
-
-    switch (backcolor) {
-    case BACK_AUTO: /* do nothing now, determine at start of each image */
-                     break;
-    case BACK_BLACK: background = pnm_blackxel(newmaxval, newformat);
-                     break;
-    case BACK_WHITE: background = pnm_whitexel(newmaxval, newformat);
-                     break;
-    }
-
-    for ( i = 0; i < nfiles; ++i, backgroundPrev = background) {
-        if (img[i].cols == newcols) {
-            /* no padding */
-            startRow = 0;
-            backChange = FALSE;
-            inrow = newxelrow;
-        } else { /* Calculate left padding amount */
-            switch (justification) {
-            case JUST_MIN:    padleft = 0;                            break;
-            case JUST_MAX:    padleft = newcols - img[i].cols;        break;
-            case JUST_CENTER: padleft = (newcols - img[i].cols) / 2;  break;
-            }
-
-            if (backcolor == BACK_AUTO) {
-                /* Determine background color */
-
-                startRow = 1;
-                inrow = &newxelrow[padleft];
-
-                pnm_readpnmrow(img[i].ifP, inrow,
-                               img[i].cols, img[i].maxval, img[i].format);
-                pnm_promoteformatrow(inrow, img[i].cols, img[i].maxval,
-                                     img[i].format,
-                                     newmaxval, newformat);
-                background = pnm_backgroundxelrow(
-                    inrow, img[i].cols, newmaxval, newformat);
-
-                backChange = i==0 || !PNM_EQUAL(background, backgroundPrev);
-            } else {
-                /* background color is constant: black or white */
-                startRow = 0;
-                inrow = &newxelrow[padleft];
-                backChange = (i==0);
-            }
-
-            if (backChange || (i > 0 && img[i-1].cols > img[i].cols)) {
-                unsigned int col;
-
-                for (col = 0; col < padleft; ++col)
-                    newxelrow[col] = background;
-                for (col = padleft + img[i].cols; col < newcols; ++col)
-                    newxelrow[col] = background;
-            }
-        }
-
-        if (startRow == 1)
-            /* Top row already read for auto background
-               color determination.  Write it out. */
-            pnm_writepnmrow(ofP, newxelrow, newcols, newmaxval, newformat, 0);
-
-        for (row = startRow; row < img[i].rows; ++row) {
-            pnm_readpnmrow(img[i].ifP,
-                           inrow, img[i].cols, img[i].maxval, img[i].format);
-            pnm_promoteformatrow(
-                inrow, img[i].cols, img[i].maxval, img[i].format,
-                newmaxval, newformat);
-
-            pnm_writepnmrow(ofP, newxelrow, newcols, newmaxval, newformat, 0);
-        }
-    }
-    pnm_freerow(newxelrow);
-}
-
-
-
-int
-main(int           argc,
-     const char ** argv) {
-
-    struct CmdlineInfo cmdline;
-    ImgInfo * img;  /* malloc'ed array */
-    xelval newmaxval;
-    int newformat;
-    unsigned int i;
-    unsigned int newrows, newcols;
-
-    pm_proginit(&argc, argv);
-
-    parseCommandLine(argc, argv, &cmdline);
-
-    MALLOCARRAY_NOFAIL(img, cmdline.nfiles);
-
-    for (i = 0; i < cmdline.nfiles; ++i) {
-        img[i].ifP = pm_openr(cmdline.inputFilespec[i]);
-        pnm_readpnminit(img[i].ifP, &img[i].cols, &img[i].rows,
-                        &img[i].maxval, &img[i].format);
-    }
-
-    computeOutputParms(cmdline.nfiles, cmdline.orientation, img,
-                       &newcols, &newrows, &newmaxval, &newformat);
-
-    pnm_writepnminit(stdout, newcols, newrows, newmaxval, newformat, 0);
-
-    if (PNM_FORMAT_TYPE(newformat) == PBM_TYPE) {
-        switch (cmdline.orientation) {
-        case LEFTRIGHT:
-            concatenateLeftRightPbm(stdout, cmdline.nfiles,
-                                    newcols, newrows, cmdline.justification,
-                                    img, cmdline.backcolor);
-            break;
-        case TOPBOTTOM:
-            concatenateTopBottomPbm(stdout, cmdline.nfiles,
-                                    newcols, newrows, cmdline.justification,
-                                    img, cmdline.backcolor);
-            break;
-        }
-    } else {
-        switch (cmdline.orientation) {
-        case LEFTRIGHT:
-            concatenateLeftRightGen(stdout, cmdline.nfiles,
-                                    newcols, newrows, newmaxval, newformat,
-                                    cmdline.justification, img,
-                                    cmdline.backcolor);
-            break;
-        case TOPBOTTOM:
-            concatenateTopBottomGen(stdout, cmdline.nfiles,
-                                    newcols, newrows, newmaxval, newformat,
-                                    cmdline.justification, img,
-                                    cmdline.backcolor);
-            break;
-        }
-    }
-    for (i = 0; i < cmdline.nfiles; ++i)
-        pm_close(img[i].ifP);
-    free(cmdline.inputFilespec);
-    free(img);
-    pm_close(stdout);
-
-    return 0;
-}
-
-
-
diff --git a/editor/pnmindex.csh b/editor/pnmindex.csh
deleted file mode 100755
index c6f1e844..00000000
--- a/editor/pnmindex.csh
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,189 +0,0 @@
-#!/bin/csh -f
-#
-# pnmindex - build a visual index of a bunch of anymaps
-#
-# Copyright (C) 1991 by Jef Poskanzer.
-#
-# Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software and its
-# documentation for any purpose and without fee is hereby granted, provided
-# that the above copyright notice appear in all copies and that both that
-# copyright notice and this permission notice appear in supporting
-# documentation.  This software is provided "as is" without express or
-# implied warranty.
-
-# -title and -quant added by John Heidemann 13-Sep-00.
-
-set size=100		# make the images about this big
-set across=6		# show this many images per row
-set colors=256		# quantize results to this many colors
-set back="-white"	# default background color
-set doquant=true	# quantize or not
-set title=""		# default title (none)
-
-while ( 1 )
-    switch ( "$1" )
-
-	case -s*:
-	if ( $#argv < 2 ) goto usage
-	set size="$2"
-	shift
-	shift
-	breaksw
-
-	case -a*:
-	if ( $#argv < 2 ) goto usage
-	set across="$2"
-	shift
-	shift
-	breaksw
-
-	case -t*:
-	if ( $#argv < 2 ) goto usage
-	set title="$2"
-	shift
-	shift
-	breaksw
-
-	case -c*:
-	set colors="$2"
-	shift
-	shift
-	breaksw
-
-	case -noq*:
-	set doquant=false
-	shift
-	breaksw
-
-	case -q*:
-	set doquant=true
-	shift
-	breaksw
-
-	case -b*:
-	set back="-black"
-	shift
-	breaksw
-
-	case -w*:
-	set back="-white"
-	shift
-	breaksw
-
-	case -*:
-	goto usage
-	breaksw
-
-	default:
-	break
-	breaksw
-
-    endsw
-end
-
-if ( $#argv == 0 ) then
-    goto usage
-endif
-
-set tmpfile=/tmp/pi.tmp.$$
-rm -f $tmpfile
-set maxformat=PBM
-
-set rowfiles=()
-set imagefiles=()
-@ row = 1
-@ col = 1
-
-if ( "$title" != "" ) then
-    set rowfile=/tmp/pi.${row}.$$
-    rm -f $rowfile
-    pbmtext "$title" > $rowfile
-    set rowfiles=( $rowfiles $rowfile )
-    @ row += 1
-endif
-
-foreach i ( $argv )
-
-    set description=`pnmfile $i`
-    if ( $description[4] <= $size && $description[6] <= $size ) then
-	cat $i > $tmpfile
-    else
-	switch ( $description[2] )
-	    case PBM:
-	    pnmscale -quiet -xysize $size $size $i | pgmtopbm > $tmpfile
-	    breaksw
-
-	    case PGM:
-	    pnmscale -quiet -xysize $size $size $i > $tmpfile
-	    if ( $maxformat == PBM ) then
-		set maxformat=PGM
-	    endif
-	    breaksw
-
-	    default:
-	    if ( $doquant == false ) then
-	        pnmscale -quiet -xysize $size $size $i > $tmpfile
-	    else
-	        pnmscale -quiet -xysize $size $size $i | ppmquant -quiet $colors > $tmpfile
-	    endif
-	    set maxformat=PPM
-	    breaksw
-	endsw
-    endif
-    set imagefile=/tmp/pi.${row}.${col}.$$
-    rm -f $imagefile
-    if ( "$back" == "-white" ) then
-	pbmtext "$i" | pnmcat $back -tb $tmpfile - > $imagefile
-    else
-	pbmtext "$i" | pnminvert | pnmcat $back -tb $tmpfile - > $imagefile
-    endif
-    rm -f $tmpfile
-    set imagefiles=( $imagefiles $imagefile )
-
-    if ( $col >= $across ) then
-	set rowfile=/tmp/pi.${row}.$$
-	rm -f $rowfile
-	if ( $maxformat != PPM || $doquant == false ) then
-	    pnmcat $back -lr -jbottom $imagefiles > $rowfile
-	else
-	    pnmcat $back -lr -jbottom $imagefiles | ppmquant -quiet $colors > $rowfile
-	endif
-	rm -f $imagefiles
-	set imagefiles=()
-	set rowfiles=( $rowfiles $rowfile )
-	@ col = 1
-	@ row += 1
-    else
-	@ col += 1
-    endif
-
-end
-
-if ( $#imagefiles > 0 ) then
-    set rowfile=/tmp/pi.${row}.$$
-    rm -f $rowfile
-    if ( $maxformat != PPM || $doquant == false ) then
-	pnmcat $back -lr -jbottom $imagefiles > $rowfile
-    else
-	pnmcat $back -lr -jbottom $imagefiles | ppmquant -quiet $colors > $rowfile
-    endif
-    rm -f $imagefiles
-    set rowfiles=( $rowfiles $rowfile )
-endif
-
-if ( $#rowfiles == 1 ) then
-    cat $rowfiles
-else
-    if ( $maxformat != PPM || $doquant == false ) then
-	pnmcat $back -tb $rowfiles
-    else
-	pnmcat $back -tb $rowfiles | ppmquant -quiet $colors
-    endif
-endif
-rm -f $rowfiles
-
-exit 0
-
-usage:
-echo "usage: $0 [-size N] [-across N] [-colors N] [-black] pnmfile ..."
-exit 1
diff --git a/editor/pnmindex.sh b/editor/pnmindex.sh
deleted file mode 100755
index dfc5b82a..00000000
--- a/editor/pnmindex.sh
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,214 +0,0 @@
-#!/bin/sh
-#
-# pnmindex - build a visual index of a bunch of PNM images
-#
-# Copyright (C) 1991 by Jef Poskanzer.
-#
-# Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software and its
-# documentation for any purpose and without fee is hereby granted, provided
-# that the above copyright notice appear in all copies and that both that
-# copyright notice and this permission notice appear in supporting
-# documentation.  This software is provided "as is" without express or
-# implied warranty.
-
-size=100        # make the images about this big
-across=6        # show this many images per row
-colors=256      # quantize results to this many colors
-back="-white"   # default background color
-doquant=true    # quantize or not
-title=""        # default title (none)
-
-usage ()
-{
-  echo "usage: $0 [-size N] [-across N] [-colors N] [-black] pnmfile ..."
-  exit 1
-}
-
-while :; do
-    case "$1" in
-
-    -s*)
-        if [ $# -lt 2 ]; then usage; fi
-        size="$2"
-        shift
-        shift
-    ;;
-
-    -a*)
-        if [ $# -lt 2 ]; then usage; fi
-        across="$2"
-        shift
-        shift
-    ;;
-
-    -t*)
-        if [ $# -lt 2 ]; then usage; fi
-        title="$2"
-        shift
-        shift
-    ;;
-
-    -c*)
-        if [ $# -lt 2 ]; then usage; fi
-        colors="$2"
-        shift
-        shift
-    ;;
-
-    -b*)
-        back="-black"
-        shift
-    ;;
-
-    -w*)
-        back="-white"
-        shift
-    ;;
-
-    -noq*)
-        doquant=false
-        shift
-    ;;
-
-    -q*)
-        doquant=true
-        shift
-    ;;
-
-    -*)
-        usage
-    ;;
-
-    *)
-        break
-    ;;
-    esac
-done
-
-if [ $# -eq 0 ]; then
-    usage
-fi
-
-tempdir="${TMPDIR-/tmp}/pnmindex.$$"
-mkdir -m 0700 $tempdir || \
-  { echo "Could not create temporary file. Exiting."; exit 1;}
-trap 'rm -rf $tempdir' 0 1 3 15
-
-tmpfile=$tempdir/pi.tmp
-maxformat=PBM
-
-rowfiles=()
-imagefiles=()
-row=1
-col=1
-
-if [ "$title"x != ""x ] ; then
-#    rowfile=`tempfile -p pirow -m 600`
-    rowfile=$tempdir/pi.${row}
-    pbmtext "$title" > $rowfile
-    rowfiles=(${rowfiles[*]} $rowfile )
-    row=$(($row + 1))
-fi
-
-for i in "$@"; do
-
-    description=(`pnmfile $i`)
-
-    format=${description[1]}
-    width=${description[3]}
-    height=${description[5]}
-
-    if [ $? -ne 0 ]; then
-        echo pnmfile returned an error
-        exit $?
-    fi
-
-    if [ $width -le $size ] && \
-       [ $height -le $size ]; then
-        cat $i > $tmpfile
-    else
-        case $format in
-
-        PBM) 
-            pamscale -quiet -xysize $size $size $i | pgmtopbm > $tmpfile
-        ;;
-
-        PGM)
-            pamscale -quiet -xysize $size $size $i > $tmpfile
-            if [ $maxformat = PBM ]; then
-                maxformat=PGM
-            fi
-        ;;
-
-        *) 
-            if [ "$doquant" = "true" ] ; then
-                pamscale -quiet -xysize $size $size $i | \
-                pnmquant -quiet $colors > $tmpfile
-            else
-                pamscale -quiet -xysize $size $size $i > $tmpfile
-            fi
-            maxformat=PPM
-        ;;
-        esac
-    fi
-
-    imagefile=$tempdir/pi.${row}.${col}
-    rm -f $imagefile
-    if [ "$back" = "-white" ]; then
-        pbmtext "$i" | pnmcat $back -tb $tmpfile - > $imagefile
-    else
-        pbmtext "$i" | pnminvert | pnmcat $back -tb $tmpfile - > $imagefile
-    fi
-    imagefiles=( ${imagefiles[*]} $imagefile )
-
-    if [ $col -ge $across ]; then
-        rowfile=$tempdir/pi.${row}
-        rm -f $rowfile
-
-        if [ $maxformat != PPM -o "$doquant" = "false" ]; then
-            pnmcat $back -lr -jbottom ${imagefiles[*]} > $rowfile
-        else
-            pnmcat $back -lr -jbottom ${imagefiles[*]} | \
-            pnmquant -quiet $colors > $rowfile
-        fi
-
-        rm -f ${imagefiles[*]}
-        unset imagefiles
-        imagefiles=()
-        rowfiles=( ${rowfiles[*]} $rowfile )
-        col=1
-        row=$(($row + 1))
-    else
-        col=$(($col + 1))
-    fi
-done
-
-# All the full rows have been put in row files.  
-# Now put the final partial row in its row file.
-
-if [ ${#imagefiles[*]} -gt 0 ]; then
-    rowfile=$tempdir/pi.${row}
-    rm -f $rowfile
-    if [ $maxformat != PPM -o "$doquant" = "false" ]; then
-        pnmcat $back -lr -jbottom ${imagefiles[*]} > $rowfile
-    else
-        pnmcat $back -lr -jbottom ${imagefiles[*]} | \
-        pnmquant -quiet $colors > $rowfile
-    fi
-    rm -f ${imagefiles[*]}
-    rowfiles=( ${rowfiles[*]} $rowfile )
-fi
-
-if [ ${#rowfiles[*]} -eq 1 ]; then
-    cat $rowfiles
-else
-    if [ $maxformat != PPM -o "$doquant" = "false" ]; then
-        pnmcat $back -tb ${rowfiles[*]}
-    else
-        pnmcat $back -tb ${rowfiles[*]} | pnmquant -quiet $colors
-    fi
-fi
-rm -f ${rowfiles[*]}
-
-exit 0
-
diff --git a/editor/pnmmargin b/editor/pnmmargin
index a62e5e44..94321c7f 100755
--- a/editor/pnmmargin
+++ b/editor/pnmmargin
@@ -108,8 +108,8 @@ else
     pamflip -rotate90 $tmp2 > $tmp3
 
     # Cat things together.
-    pnmcat -lr $tmp2 $tmp1 $tmp2 > $tmp4
-    pnmcat -tb $plainopt $tmp3 $tmp4 $tmp3
+    pamcat -leftright $tmp2 $tmp1 $tmp2 > $tmp4
+    pamcat -topbottom $plainopt $tmp3 $tmp4 $tmp3
 fi
 
 
diff --git a/editor/pnmquantall b/editor/pnmquantall
index 5f434fc2..594e8f7b 100755
--- a/editor/pnmquantall
+++ b/editor/pnmquantall
@@ -145,11 +145,11 @@ sub tempFile($) {
 sub makeColorMap($$$$) {
     my ($fileNamesR, $newColorCt, $colorMapFileName, $errorR) = @_;
 
-    my $pnmcatCmd = "pnmcat -topbottom -white -jleft @{$fileNamesR}";
+    my $pamcatCmd = "pamcat -topbottom -white -jleft @{$fileNamesR}";
 
     my $pnmcolormapCmd = "pnmcolormap $newColorCt";
 
-    my $makeMapCmd = "$pnmcatCmd | $pnmcolormapCmd >$colorMapFileName";
+    my $makeMapCmd = "$pamcatCmd | $pnmcolormapCmd >$colorMapFileName";
 
     my $termStatus = system($makeMapCmd);
 
diff --git a/editor/specialty/pnmindex.c b/editor/specialty/pnmindex.c
index 438fe058..2b39e4ec 100644
--- a/editor/specialty/pnmindex.c
+++ b/editor/specialty/pnmindex.c
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*============================================================================
-                              pnmindex   
+                                pnmindex
 ==============================================================================
 
   build a visual index of a bunch of PNM images
@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@
 #include "nstring.h"
 #include "pnm.h"
 
-struct cmdlineInfo {
+struct CmdlineInfo {
     /* All the information the user supplied in the command line,
        in a form easy for the program to use.
     */
@@ -56,11 +56,11 @@ systemf(const char * const fmt,
         ...) {
 
     va_list varargs;
-    
+
     size_t dryRunLen;
-    
+
     va_start(varargs, fmt);
-    
+
     pm_vsnprintf(NULL, 0, fmt, varargs, &dryRunLen);
 
     va_end(varargs);
@@ -83,7 +83,7 @@ systemf(const char * const fmt,
             va_start(varargs, fmt);
 
             pm_vsnprintf(shellCommand, allocSize, fmt, varargs, &realLen);
-                
+
             assert(realLen == dryRunLen);
             va_end(varargs);
 
@@ -94,12 +94,12 @@ systemf(const char * const fmt,
             if (rc != 0)
                 pm_error("shell command '%s' failed.  rc %d",
                          shellCommand, rc);
-            
+
             pm_strfree(shellCommand);
         }
     }
 }
-        
+
 
 
 static const char *
@@ -168,8 +168,8 @@ shellQuote(const char * const arg) {
 
 
 static void
-parseCommandLine(int argc, char ** argv, 
-                 struct cmdlineInfo * const cmdlineP) {
+parseCommandLine(int argc, char ** argv,
+                 struct CmdlineInfo * const cmdlineP) {
 
     unsigned int option_def_index;
     optEntry *option_def;
@@ -183,13 +183,13 @@ parseCommandLine(int argc, char ** argv,
     MALLOCARRAY_NOFAIL(option_def, 100);
 
     option_def_index = 0;   /* incremented by OPTENT3 */
-    OPTENT3(0, "black",       OPT_FLAG,   NULL,                  
+    OPTENT3(0, "black",       OPT_FLAG,   NULL,
             &cmdlineP->black,         0);
-    OPTENT3(0, "noquant",     OPT_FLAG,   NULL,                  
+    OPTENT3(0, "noquant",     OPT_FLAG,   NULL,
             &cmdlineP->noquant,       0);
-    OPTENT3(0, "quant",       OPT_FLAG,   NULL,                  
+    OPTENT3(0, "quant",       OPT_FLAG,   NULL,
             &quant,                   0);
-    OPTENT3(0, "verbose",     OPT_FLAG,   NULL,                  
+    OPTENT3(0, "verbose",     OPT_FLAG,   NULL,
             &cmdlineP->verbose,       0);
     OPTENT3(0, "size",        OPT_UINT,   &cmdlineP->size,
             &sizeSpec,                0);
@@ -202,7 +202,7 @@ parseCommandLine(int argc, char ** argv,
 
     opt.opt_table = option_def;
     opt.short_allowed = FALSE;  /* We have no short (old-fashioned) options */
-    opt.allowNegNum = FALSE; 
+    opt.allowNegNum = FALSE;
 
     pm_optParseOptions3(&argc, argv, opt, sizeof(opt), 0);
         /* Uses and sets argc, argv, and some of *cmdline_p and others. */
@@ -212,7 +212,7 @@ parseCommandLine(int argc, char ** argv,
 
     if (!colorsSpec)
         cmdlineP->colors = 256;
-    
+
     if (!sizeSpec)
         cmdlineP->size = 100;
 
@@ -246,7 +246,7 @@ parseCommandLine(int argc, char ** argv,
 
 
 static void
-freeCmdline(struct cmdlineInfo const cmdline) {
+freeCmdline(struct CmdlineInfo const cmdline) {
 
     unsigned int i;
 
@@ -326,9 +326,9 @@ rowFileName(const char * const dirName,
             unsigned int const row) {
 
     const char * fileName;
-    
+
     pm_asprintf(&fileName, "%s/pi.%u", dirName, row);
-    
+
     return fileName;
 }
 
@@ -368,7 +368,7 @@ copyImage(const char * const inputFileName,
     systemf("cat %s > %s", inputFileNmToken, outputFileName);
 
     pm_strfree(inputFileNmToken);
-} 
+}
 
 
 
@@ -386,26 +386,26 @@ copyScaleQuantImage(const char * const inputFileName,
 
     switch (PNM_FORMAT_TYPE(format)) {
     case PBM_TYPE:
-        pm_asprintf(&scaleCommand, 
+        pm_asprintf(&scaleCommand,
                     "pamscale -quiet -xysize %u %u %s "
                     "| pgmtopbm > %s",
                     size, size, inputFileNmToken, outputFileName);
         break;
-        
+
     case PGM_TYPE:
-        pm_asprintf(&scaleCommand, 
+        pm_asprintf(&scaleCommand,
                     "pamscale -quiet -xysize %u %u %s >%s",
                     size, size, inputFileNmToken, outputFileName);
         break;
-        
+
     case PPM_TYPE:
         if (quant)
-            pm_asprintf(&scaleCommand, 
+            pm_asprintf(&scaleCommand,
                         "pamscale -quiet -xysize %u %u %s "
                         "| pnmquant -quiet %u > %s",
                         size, size, inputFileNmToken, colors, outputFileName);
         else
-            pm_asprintf(&scaleCommand, 
+            pm_asprintf(&scaleCommand,
                         "pamscale -quiet -xysize %u %u %s >%s",
                         size, size, inputFileNmToken, outputFileName);
         break;
@@ -426,7 +426,7 @@ formatTypeMax(int const typeA,
               int const typeB) {
 
     if (typeA == PPM_TYPE || typeB == PPM_TYPE)
-        return PPM_TYPE; 
+        return PPM_TYPE;
     else if (typeA == PGM_TYPE || typeB == PGM_TYPE)
         return PGM_TYPE;
     else
@@ -441,9 +441,9 @@ thumbnailFileName(const char * const dirName,
                   unsigned int const col) {
 
     const char * fileName;
-    
+
     pm_asprintf(&fileName, "%s/pi.%u.%u", dirName, row, col);
-    
+
     return fileName;
 }
 
@@ -464,7 +464,7 @@ thumbnailFileList(const char * const dirName,
         pm_error("Unable to allocate %u bytes for file list", maxListSize);
 
     list[0] = '\0';
-    
+
     for (col = 0; col < cols; ++col) {
         const char * const fileName = thumbnailFileName(dirName, row, col);
 
@@ -487,19 +487,28 @@ makeImageFile(const char * const thumbnailFileName,
               const char * const inputFileName,
               bool         const blackBackground,
               const char * const outputFileName) {
+/*----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+   Create one thumbnail image.  It consists of the image in the file named
+   'thumbnailFileName' with text of that name appended to the bottom.
 
+   Write the result to the file named 'outputFileName'.
+
+   'blackBackground' means give the image a black background where padding
+   is necessary and make the text white on black.  If false, give the image
+   a white background instead.
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
     const char * const blackWhiteOpt = blackBackground ? "-black" : "-white";
     const char * const invertStage   = blackBackground ? "| pnminvert " : "";
     const char * inputFileNmToken    = shellQuote(inputFileName);
 
     systemf("pbmtext %s %s"
-            "| pnmcat %s -topbottom %s - "
+            "| pamcat %s -topbottom %s - "
             "> %s",
             inputFileNmToken, invertStage, blackWhiteOpt,
             thumbnailFileName, outputFileName);
 
     pm_strfree(inputFileNmToken);
-}    
+}
 
 
 
@@ -519,21 +528,21 @@ makeThumbnail(const char *  const inputFileName,
     xelval maxval;
     const char * tmpfile;
     const char * fileName;
-        
+
     ifP = pm_openr(inputFileName);
     pnm_readpnminit(ifP, &imageCols, &imageRows, &maxval, &format);
     pm_close(ifP);
-    
+
     pm_asprintf(&tmpfile, "%s/pi.tmp", tempDir);
 
     if (imageCols < size && imageRows < size)
         copyImage(inputFileName, tmpfile);
     else
-        copyScaleQuantImage(inputFileName, tmpfile, format, 
+        copyScaleQuantImage(inputFileName, tmpfile, format,
                             size, quant, colors);
 
     fileName = thumbnailFileName(tempDir, row, col);
-        
+
     makeImageFile(tmpfile, inputFileName, black, fileName);
 
     unlink(tmpfile);
@@ -543,7 +552,7 @@ makeThumbnail(const char *  const inputFileName,
 
     *formatP = format;
 }
-        
+
 
 
 static void
@@ -552,7 +561,7 @@ unlinkThumbnailFiles(const char * const dirName,
                      unsigned int const cols) {
 
     unsigned int col;
-    
+
     for (col = 0; col < cols; ++col) {
         const char * const fileName = thumbnailFileName(dirName, row, col);
 
@@ -569,7 +578,7 @@ unlinkRowFiles(const char * const dirName,
                unsigned int const rows) {
 
     unsigned int row;
-    
+
     for (row = 0; row < rows; ++row) {
         const char * const fileName = rowFileName(dirName, row);
 
@@ -595,7 +604,7 @@ combineIntoRowAndDelete(unsigned int const row,
     const char * fileName;
     const char * quantStage;
     const char * fileList;
-    
+
     fileName = rowFileName(tempDir, row);
 
     unlink(fileName);
@@ -607,7 +616,7 @@ combineIntoRowAndDelete(unsigned int const row,
 
     fileList = thumbnailFileList(tempDir, row, cols);
 
-    systemf("pnmcat %s -leftright -jbottom %s "
+    systemf("pamcat %s -leftright -jbottom %s "
             "%s"
             ">%s",
             blackWhiteOpt, fileList, quantStage, fileName);
@@ -641,7 +650,7 @@ rowFileList(const char * const dirName,
 
         if (strlen(list) + strlen(fileName) + 1 > maxListSize - 1)
             pm_error("File name list too long for this program to handle.");
-        
+
         else {
             strcat(list, " ");
             strcat(list, fileName);
@@ -666,7 +675,7 @@ writeRowsAndDelete(unsigned int const rows,
 
     const char * quantStage;
     const char * fileList;
-    
+
     if (maxFormatType == PPM_TYPE && quant)
         pm_asprintf(&quantStage, "| pnmquant -quiet %u ", colors);
     else
@@ -674,7 +683,7 @@ writeRowsAndDelete(unsigned int const rows,
 
     fileList = rowFileList(tempDir, rows);
 
-    systemf("pnmcat %s -topbottom %s %s",
+    systemf("pamcat %s -topbottom %s %s",
             blackWhiteOpt, fileList, quantStage);
 
     pm_strfree(fileList);
@@ -687,7 +696,7 @@ writeRowsAndDelete(unsigned int const rows,
 
 int
 main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
-    struct cmdlineInfo cmdline;
+    struct CmdlineInfo cmdline;
     const char * tempDir;
     int maxFormatType;
     unsigned int colsInRow;
@@ -699,7 +708,7 @@ main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
     parseCommandLine(argc, argv, &cmdline);
 
     verbose = cmdline.verbose;
-    
+
     makeTempDir(&tempDir);
 
     maxFormatType = PBM_TYPE;
@@ -714,7 +723,7 @@ main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
 
         int format;
 
-        makeThumbnail(inputFileName, cmdline.size, cmdline.black, 
+        makeThumbnail(inputFileName, cmdline.size, cmdline.black,
                       !cmdline.noquant, cmdline.colors, tempDir,
                       rowsDone, colsInRow, &format);
 
@@ -742,3 +751,6 @@ main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
 
     return 0;
 }
+
+
+