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<a href="index.html">libstddjb</a><br />
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<a href="../index.html">skalibs</a><br />
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<h1> The <tt>djbunix</tt> library interface </h1>
<p>
The following functions are declared in the <tt>skalibs/djbunix.h</tt> header,
and implemented in the <tt>libskarnet.a</tt> or <tt>libskarnet.so</tt> library.
</p>
<h2> General information </h2>
<p>
<tt>djbunix</tt> is an alternative API to management of basic Unix
concepts: file descriptors, files, environment, and so on. It is a
rather chaotic mix of <a href="safewrappers.html">safe wrappers</a>
around Unix system calls, better reimplementations of standard libc
functionalities, and higher-level manipulations of Unix concepts.
</p>
<p>
Understanding <tt>djbunix</tt> is essential to understanding any piece
of code depending on skalibs.
</p>
<h2> Functions </h2>
<h3> Basic fd operations </h3>
<p>
<code> int coe (int fd) </code> <br />
Sets the close-on-exec flag on <em>fd</em>.
Returns 0 if it succeeds, or -1 (and sets errno) if it fails.
</p>
<p>
<code> int uncoe (int fd) </code> <br />
Clears the close-on-exec flag on <em>fd</em>.
Returns 0 if it succeeds, or -1 (and sets errno) if it fails.
</p>
<p>
<code> int ndelay_on (int fd) </code> <br />
Sets the O_NONBLOCK flag on <em>fd</em>: sets it to non-blocking mode.
Returns 0 if it succeeds, or -1 (and sets errno) if it fails.
</p>
<p>
<code> int ndelay_off (int fd) </code> <br />
Clears the O_NONBLOCK flag on <em>fd</em>: sets it to blocking mode.
Returns 0 if it succeeds, or -1 (and sets errno) if it fails.
</p>
<p>
<code> int pipenb (int *p) </code> <br />
Like
<a href="https://www.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/functions/pipe.html">pipe()</a>,
but both ends of the created pipe are in non-blocking mode.
</p>
<p>
<code> int pipecoe (int *p) </code> <br />
Like
<a href="https://www.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/functions/pipe.html">pipe()</a>,
but both ends of the created pipe are close-on-exec.
</p>
<p>
<code> int pipenbcoe (int *p) </code> <br />
Like
<a href="https://www.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/functions/pipe.html">pipe()</a>,
but both ends of the created pipe are in non-blocking mode <em>and</em> close-on-exec.
</p>
<p>
<code> int fd_copy (int to, int from) </code> <br />
Copies the open fd <em>from</em> to number <em>to</em>. If <em>to</em>
was already open, it is closed before the copy.
Returns 0 if it succeeds, or -1 (and sets errno) if it fails.
</p>
<p>
<code> int fd_copy2 (int to1, int from1, int to2, int from2) </code> <br />
Copies the open fd <em>from1</em> to number <em>to2</em>. Also copies
<em>from2</em> to <em>to2</em> at the same time.
Returns 0 if it succeeds, or -1 (and sets errno) if it fails.
</p>
<p>
<code> int fd_move (int to, int from) </code> <br />
Moves the open fd <em>from</em> to number <em>to</em>. If <em>to</em>
was already open, it is closed before the move.
Returns 0 if it succeeds, or -1 (and sets errno) if it fails.
</p>
<p>
<code> int fd_move2 (int to1, int from1, int to2, int from2) </code> <br />
Moves the open fd <em>from</em> to number <em>to</em>. Also moves
<em>from2</em> to <em>to2</em> at the same time. This is useful for instance
when you want to swap two fds: <tt>fd_move2</tt> will handle the situation
correctly.
Returns 0 if it succeeds, or -1 (and sets errno) if it fails.
</p>
<p>
<code> void fd_close (int fd) </code> <br />
Closes <em>fd</em>.
This is a <a href="safewrappers.html">safe wrapper</a> around
<a href="https://www.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/functions/close.html">close()</a>.
</p>
<p>
<code> int fd_chmod (int fd, unsigned int mode) </code> <br />
Safe wrapper around
<a href="https://www.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/functions/fchmod.html">fchmod()</a>.
</p>
<p>
<code> int fd_chown (int fd, uid_t uid, gid_t gid) </code> <br />
Safe wrapper around
<a href="https://www.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/functions/fchown.html">fchown()</a>.
This function requires root privileges.
</p>
<p>
<code> int fd_sync (int fd) </code> <br />
Safe wrapper around
<a href="https://www.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/functions/fsync.html">fsync()</a>.
</p>
<p>
<code> int fd_chdir (int fd) </code> <br />
Safe wrapper around
<a href="https://www.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/functions/fchdir.html">fchdir()</a>.
</p>
<p>
<code> off_t fd_cat (int from, int to) </code> <br />
Synchronously copies data from fd <em>from</em> to fd <em>to</em>,
until it encounters EOF or an error. Returns -1 (and sets errno) if
it fails; returns the number of transmitted bytes if it gets an EOF.
</p>
<p>
When the underlying OS allows it, zero-copy transmission is
performed. Currently, the following zero-copy implementations are
supported:
</p>
<ul>
<li> <a href="https://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man2/splice.2.html">splice()</a>,
in Linux 2.6.17 and later </li>
</ul>
<p>
<code> off_t fd_catn (int from, int to, off_t n) </code> <br />
Synchronously copies at most <em>n</em> bytes from fd <em>from</em> to fd <em>to</em>.
Returns the total number of transmitted bytes; sets errno if this number
is lesser than <em>n</em>. EOF is reported as EPIPE. See above for zero-copy
transmission; zero-copy transmission is not attempted for less than 64k of data.
</p>
<p>
<code> int fd_ensure_open (int fd, int w) </code> <br />
If <em>fd</em> is not open, opens it to <tt>/dev/null</tt>,
for reading if <em>w</em> is zero, and for writing otherwise.
Returns 1 if it succeeds and 0 if it fails.
</p>
<p>
<code> int fd_sanitize (void) </code> <br />
Ensures stdin, stdout and stderr are open. If one of those
file descriptors was closed, it now points to <tt>/dev/null</tt>.
Returns 1 if it succeeds and 0 if it fails.
</p>
<p>
<code> void fd_shutdown (int fd, int w) </code> <br />
Shuts down socket <em>fd</em>, for reading if <em>w</em> is zero,
and for writing otherwise. Does not return an error code; does
not modify errno. This is just a call to
<a href="https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/functions/shutdown.html">shutdown()</a>
with errno saved, used essentially to isolate application code from
<tt>sys/socket.h</tt> which is a portability nightmare.
</p>
<p>
<code> int fd_lock (int fd, int w, int nb) </code> <br />
Gets an advisory lock on <em>fd</em>: shared if <em>w</em> is
zero, exclusive otherwise. <em>fd</em> must point to
a regular file, open for writing or reading depending on whether
you want an exclusive lock or not. If <em>nb</em> is zero, the
function blocks until the lock can be obtained; otherwise it
returns 0 immediately. On success, the function returns 1 ; it
returns 0 if it cannot take the lock, or -1 (and sets errno) if
an error occurs.
</p>
<p>
<code> void fd_unlock (int fd) </code> <br />
Releases a previously held lock on <em>fd</em>.
</p>
<p>
<code> int fd_islocked (int fd) </code> <br />
Returns 1 if a lock is currently held on fd, 0 otherwise.
Returns -1 (and sets errno) if an error occurs.
</p>
<p>
<code> int open2 (char const *file, unsigned int flags) </code> <br />
Safe wrapper around
<a href="https://www.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/functions/open.html">open()</a>
when it takes 2 arguments.
</p>
<p>
<code> int open3 (char const *file, unsigned int flags, unsigned int mode) </code> <br />
Safe wrapper around
<a href="https://www.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/functions/open.html">open()</a>
when it takes 3 arguments.
</p>
<p>
<code> int open_read (char const *file) </code> <br />
Opens <em>file</em> in read-only, non-blocking mode.
Returns a valid fd number if it succeeds, or -1 (and sets errno) if it fails.
</p>
<p>
<code> int openc_read (char const *file) </code> <br />
Opens <em>file</em> in read-only, non-blocking mode, close-on-exec.
Returns a valid fd number if it succeeds, or -1 (and sets errno) if it fails.
</p>
<p>
<code> int openb_read (char const *file) </code> <br />
Opens <em>file</em> in read-only, blocking mode.
Returns a valid fd number if it succeeds, or -1 (and sets errno) if it fails.
</p>
<p>
<code> int openbc_read (char const *file) </code> <br />
Opens <em>file</em> in read-only, blocking mode, close-on-exec.
Returns a valid fd number if it succeeds, or -1 (and sets errno) if it fails.
</p>
<p>
<code> int open_readb (char const *file) </code> <br />
Opens <em>file</em> in read-only, blocking mode.
Returns a valid fd number if it succeeds, or -1 (and sets errno) if it fails.
<em>This call does not block.</em> The
<a href="https://www.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/functions/open.html">open()</a>
system call is actually performed with the O_NONBLOCK option, and blocking mode
is set afterwards; this behaviour allows for more transparent interactions
with FIFOs.
</p>
<p>
<code> int openc_readb (char const *file) </code> <br />
Same as above, but the file is opened close-on-exec.
</p>
<p>
<code> int open_excl (char const *file) </code> <br />
Opens <em>file</em> in write-only, non-blocking mode, with the
additional O_EXCL and O_CREAT flags.
Returns a valid fd number if it succeeds, or -1 (and sets errno) if it fails.
</p>
<p>
<code> int openc_excl (char const *file) </code> <br />
Opens <em>file</em> in write-only, non-blocking mode, close-on-exec, with the
additional O_EXCL and O_CREAT flags.
Returns a valid fd number if it succeeds, or -1 (and sets errno) if it fails.
</p>
<p>
<code> int open_append (char const *file) </code> <br />
Opens <em>file</em> in write-only, non-blocking mode, with the
additional O_APPEND and O_CREAT flags.
Returns a valid fd number if it succeeds, or -1 (and sets errno) if it fails.
</p>
<p>
<code> int openc_append (char const *file) </code> <br />
Opens <em>file</em> in write-only, non-blocking mode, close-on-exec, with the
additional O_APPEND and O_CREAT flags.
Returns a valid fd number if it succeeds, or -1 (and sets errno) if it fails.
</p>
<p>
<code> int open_trunc (char const *file) </code> <br />
Opens <em>file</em> in write-only, non-blocking mode, with the
additional O_TRUNC and O_CREAT flags.
Returns a valid fd number if it succeeds, or -1 (and sets errno) if it fails.
</p>
<p>
<code> int openc_trunc (char const *file) </code> <br />
Opens <em>file</em> in write-only, non-blocking mode, close-on-exec, with the
additional O_TRUNC and O_CREAT flags.
Returns a valid fd number if it succeeds, or -1 (and sets errno) if it fails.
</p>
<p>
<code> int open_create (char const *file) </code> <br />
Opens <em>file</em> in write-only, non-blocking mode, with the
additional O_CREAT flag.
Returns a valid fd number if it succeeds, or -1 (and sets errno) if it fails.
</p>
<p>
<code> int openc_create (char const *file) </code> <br />
Opens <em>file</em> in write-only, non-blocking mode, close-on-exec, with the
additional O_CREAT flag.
Returns a valid fd number if it succeeds, or -1 (and sets errno) if it fails.
</p>
<p>
<code> int open_write (char const *file) </code> <br />
Opens <em>file</em> in write-only, non-blocking mode.
Returns a valid fd number if it succeeds, or -1 (and sets errno) if it fails.
</p>
<p>
<code> int openc_write (char const *file) </code> <br />
Opens <em>file</em> in write-only, non-blocking mode, close-on-exec.
Returns a valid fd number if it succeeds, or -1 (and sets errno) if it fails.
</p>
<h3> Forking children </h3>
<p>
<code> pid_t doublefork () </code> <br />
Performs a double fork. Returns -1 if it fails (and
sets errno, EINTR meaning that the intermediate process
was killed by a signal), 0 if the current process is the grandchild,
and the grandchild's PID if the current process is the parent.
</p>
<p>
<code> pid_t child_spawn0 (char const *file, char const *const *argv, char const *const *envp) </code> <br />
Forks and executes a child as with <tt>exec_ae(file, argv, envp)</tt>.
Returns 0 if it fails, and the pid of the child if it succeeds.
Implemented via <a href="https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/functions/posix_spawn.html">posix_spawn()</a>
on systems that support it.
</p>
<p>
<code> pid_t child_spawn1_pipe (char const *file, char const *const *argv, char const *const *envp, int *fd, int w) </code> <br />
Like <tt>child_spawn0()</tt>, except that a pipe is created between the child's
stdin (if <em>w</em> is 0) or stdout (if <em>w</em> is nonzero) and the parent.
The parent's end of the pipe will be stored in *<em>fd</em>.
</p>
<p>
<code> pid_t child_spawn1_socket (char const *file, char const *const *argv, char const *const *envp, int *fd) </code> <br />
Like <tt>child_spawn0</tt>, except that a socket is created between the parent
and the child. Both the child's stdin and stdout point to the socket; the parent has
its end of the socket available in *<em>fd</em>.
</p>
<p>
<code> pid_t child_spawn2 (char const *file, char const *const *argv, char const *const *envp, int *fds) </code> <br />
Like <tt>child_spawn0()</tt>, except that two pipes are created between the
parent and the child. <em>fds</em> must point to an array of 2 ints: this
array is read as well as written by <tt>child_spawn2()</tt>. On function
call, the numbers in <em>fds</em> must describe what fds should be used
in the child to contain the communication pipes (for instance, if the child
will read from its parent on stdin and writes to its parent on stdout, <em>fds</em>
must contain 0 and 1). On function return, <em>fds</em> contains the
descriptors for the pipes that read from / write to the child.
</p>
<p>
<code> pid_t child_spawn (char const *file, char const *const *argv, char const *const *envp, int *fds, unsigned int nfds) </code> <br />
More generic spawning function. <em>fds</em> must point to an array of at least <em>nfds</em> ints;
file descriptors reading from or writing to the child will be stored there. The function returns
0 on failure or the pid of the child on success.
</p>
<ul>
<li> If <em>nfds</em> is 0, then the function behaves like <tt>child_spawn0</tt>, except
all ignored signals will be un-ignored in the child </li>
<li> If <em>nfds</em> is 1 or more, then <em>fds</em> will contain pipes between the
child and the parent. The parent will read on even-numbered ones (starting on <em>fds</em>[0])
and write on odd-numbered ones. </li>
</ul>
<h3> Waiting for children </h3>
<p>
<code> unsigned int wait_reap () </code> <br />
Instantly reaps all the pending zombies, without blocking, without a look at
the exit codes.
Returns the number of reaped zombies.
</p>
<p>
<code> int waitn (pid_t *pids, unsigned int n) </code> <br />
Waits until all processes whose PIDs are stored in the
<em>pids</em> array, of size <em>n</em>, have died.
Returns 1 if it succeeds, and 0 (and sets errno) if it fails. The
<em>pid</em> array is not guaranteed to be unchanged.
</p>
<p>
<code> int waitn_posix (pid_t *pids, unsigned int n, int *wstat) </code> <br />
Like <tt>waitn</tt>, but stores into <em>*wstat</em> the status
of the last process in the <em>pids</em> array (i.e. <tt>pids[n-1]</tt>).
</p>
<p>
<code> int waitn_reap (pid_t *pids, unsigned int n) </code> <br />
Instantly reaps all zombies whose PIDs are stored in the
<em>pids</em> array, of size <em>n</em>.
Returns -1 (and sets errno) if it fails, and the number of reaped
zombies if it succeeds. The <em>pid</em> array is not guaranteed to
be unchanged.
</p>
<p>
<code> int waitn_reap_posix (pid_t *pids, unsigned int n, int *wstat) </code> <br />
Like <tt>waitn_reap</tt>, but stores into <em>*wstat</em> the status
of the last process in the <em>pids</em> array (i.e. <tt>pids[n-1]</tt>),
if applicable; otherwise <em>*wstat</em> is unchanged.
</p>
<p>
<code> pid_t wait_nohang (int *wstat) </code> <br />
Instantly reaps one zombie, and stores the status information into
*<em>wstat</em>.
Returns the PID of the reaped zombie if it succeeds, 0 if there was
nothing to reap (and the current process still has children), -1 ECHILD
if there was nothing to reap (and the current process has no children),
or -1 (and sets errno) if it fails.
</p>
<p>
<code> pid_t waitpid_nointr (pid_t pid, int *wstat, int flags) </code> <br />
Safe wrapper around
<a href="https://www.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/functions/waitpid.html">waitpid()</a>.
</p>
<p>
<code> pid_t wait_pid_nohang (pid_t pid, int *wstat) </code> <br />
Instantly reaps an undetermined number of zombies until it finds <em>pid</em>.
Stores the status information for dead <em>pid</em> into *<em>wstat</em>.
Returns <em>pid</em> if it succeeds, 0 if there was
nothing to reap (and the current process still has children), -1 ECHILD
if there was nothing to reap (and the current process has no children),
or -1 (and sets errno) if it fails.
</p>
<p>
<code> int wait_pids_nohang (pid_t const *pids, unsigned int len, int *wstat) </code> <br />
Instantly reaps an undetermined number of zombies until it finds one whose
PID is in the <em>pids</em> array, of size <em>len</em>.
Stores the status information for that dead process into *<em>wstat</em>.
Returns the index of the found PID in <em>pids</em>, starting at 1.
Returns 0 if there was
nothing to reap (and the current process still has children), -1 ECHILD
if there was nothing to reap (and the current process has no children),
or -1 (and sets errno) if it fails.
</p>
<p>
When asynchronously dealing with a child (resp. several children) and
getting a SIGCHLD - which should be handled via a
<a href="selfpipe.html">selfpipe</a> - it is generally a good idea to
use the <tt>wait_pid_nohang()</tt> (resp. <tt>wait_pids_nohang()</tt>)
function over the basic Unix APIs. This allows a program to:
</p>
<ul>
<li> Automatically and silently take care of children it does not know
it has. This situation can happen when a process forks and the parent
execs. When the child dies, the new parent process has to drag the
"zombie bastard" along, which is ugly; <tt>wait_pids_nohang()</tt>
prevents this. </li>
<li> Still take appropriate care of its legitimate children, in
any order. </li>
</ul>
<h3> Reading and writing whole files </h3>
<p>
<code> int slurp (stralloc *sa, int fd) </code> <br />
Slurps the contents of open descriptor <em>fd</em> into
the *<em>sa</em> <a href="stralloc.html">stralloc</a>. If you are
doing this, you should either have full control over the slurped
file, or run your process with suitable
<a href="//skarnet.org/software/s6/s6-softlimit.html">limits</a>
to the amount of heap memory it can get.
The function returns 1 if it succeeds, or 0 (and sets errno) if it fails.
</p>
<p>
<code> int openslurpclose (stralloc *sa, char const *file) </code> <br />
Slurps the contents of file <em>file</em> into *<em>sa</em>.
Returns 1 if it succeeds, and 0 (and sets errno) if it fails.
</p>
<p>
<code> ssize_t openreadnclose (char const *file, char *s, size_t n) </code> <br />
Reads at most <em>n</em> bytes from file <em>file</em> into preallocated
buffer <em>s</em>. Returns -1 (and sets errno) if it fails; else returns the
number of read bytes.
</p>
<p>
<code> ssize_t openreadnclose_nb (char const *file, char *s, size_t n) </code> <br />
Like <tt>openreadnclose</tt>, but can fail with EAGAIN if the file cannot be
immediately read (for instance if it's a named pipe or other special file).
</p>
<p>
<code> int openreadfileclose (char const *file, stralloc *sa, size_t n) </code> <br />
Reads at most <em>n</em> bytes from file <em>file</em> into the *<em>sa</em>
stralloc, which is grown (if needed) to <em>just</em> accommodate the file
size. Returns 1 if it succeeds and 0 (and sets errno) if it fails.
</p>
<p>
<code> int openwritenclose_unsafe_internal (char const *file, char const *s, size_t len, dev_t *dev, ino_t *ino, int dosync) </code> <br />
Writes the <em>n</em> bytes stored at <em>s</em> into file <em>file</em>.
The previous contents of <em>file</em> are destroyed even if the function
fails. If <em>dosync</em> is nonzero, the new contents of <em>file</em>
are synced to disk before the function returns. If <em>dev</em> and <em>ino</em>
are not null, they're used to store the device and inode number of <em>file</em>.
The function returns 1 if it succeeds, or 0 (and sets errno) if it fails.
</p>
<p>
<code> int openwritenclose_unsafe (char const *file, char const *s, size_t len) <br />
int openwritenclose_unsafe_sync (char const *file, char const *s, size_t len) <br />
int openwritenclose_unsafe_devino (char const *file, char const *s, size_t len, dev_t *dev, ino_t *ino) <br />
int openwritenclose_unsafe_devino_sync (char const *file, char const *s, size_t len, dev_t *dev, ino_t *ino) </code> <br />
Trivial shortcuts around <tt>openwritenclose_unsafe_internal()</tt>. The
reader can easily figure out what they do.
</p>
<p>
<code> int openwritenclose_suffix_internal (char const *file, char const *s, size_t len, dev_t *dev, ino_t *ino, int dosync, char const *suffix) </code> <br />
Writes the <em>n</em> bytes stored at <em>s</em> into file <em>file</em>,
by first writing into <em>filesuffix</em> and atomically renaming
<em>filesuffix</em> to <em>file</em>. IOW, the old contents of <em>file</em>
are preserved if the operation fails, and are atomically replaced with the
new contents if the operation succeeds.
If <em>dosync</em> is nonzero, the new contents of <em>filesuffix</em>
are synced to disk before the atomic replace. If <em>dev</em> and <em>ino</em>
are not null, they're used to store the device and inode number of <em>file</em>.
The function returns 1 if it succeeds, or 0 (and sets errno) if it fails.
</p>
<p>
<code> int openwritenclose_suffix (char const *file, char const *s, size_t len, char const *suffix) <br />
int openwritenclose_suffix_sync (char const *file, char const *s, size_t len, char const *suffix) <br />
int openwritenclose_suffix_devino (char const *file, char const *s, size_t len, char const *suffix, dev_t *dev, ino_t *ino) <br />
int openwritenclose_suffix_devino_sync (char const *file, char const *s, size_t len, char const *suffix, dev_t *dev, ino_t *ino) </code> <br />
Trivial shortcuts around <tt>openwritenclose_suffix_internal()</tt>. The
reader can easily figure out what they do.
</p>
<p>
<code> int openwritevnclose_unsafe_internal (char const *file, struct iovec const *v, unsigned int vlen, dev_t *dev, ino_t *ino, int dosync) </code> <br />
Like <tt>openwritenclose_unsafe_internal</tt>, but the content to
write is taken from a
<a href="siovec.html">scatter/gather array</a> of <em>vlen</em>
elements instead of a single string.
</p>
<p>
<code> int openwritevnclose_unsafe (char const *file, struct iovec const *v, unsigned int vlen) <br />
int openwritevnclose_unsafe_sync (char const *file, struct iovec const *v, unsigned int vlen) <br />
int openwritevnclose_unsafe_devino (char const *file, struct iovec const *v, unsigned int vlen, dev_t *dev, ino_t *ino) <br />
int openwritevnclose_unsafe_devino_sync (char const *file, struct iovec const *v, unsigned int vlen, dev_t *dev, ino_t *ino) </code> <br />
Trivial wrappers around <tt>openwritevnclose_unsafe_internal()</tt>.
</p>
<p>
<code> int openwritevnclose_suffix_internal (char const *file, struct iovec const *v, unsigned int vlen, dev_t *dev, ino_t *ino, int dosync, char const *suffix) </code> <br />
Like <tt>openwritenclose_suffix_internal</tt>, but the content to
write is taken from a
<a href="siovec.html">scatter/gather array</a> of <em>vlen</em>
elements instead of a single string.
</p>
<p>
<code> int openwritevnclose_suffix (char const *file, struct iovec const *v, unsigned int vlen, char const *suffix) <br />
int openwritevnclose_suffix_sync (char const *file, struct iovec const *v, unsigned int vlen, char const *suffix) <br />
int openwritevnclose_suffix_devino (char const *file, struct iovec const *v, unsigned int vlen, char const *suffix, dev_t *dev, ino_t *ino) <br />
int openwritevnclose_suffix_devino_sync (char const *file, struct iovec const *v, unsigned int vlen, char const *suffix, dev_t *dev, ino_t *ino) </code> <br />
Trivial wrappers around <tt>openwritevnclose_suffix_internal()</tt>.
</p>
<h3> Filesystem deletion </h3>
<p>
The following operations are not atomic, so if they fail, the
relevant subtree might end up partially deleted.
</p>
<p>
<code> int rm_rf (char const *path) </code> <br />
Deletes the filesystem subtree at <em>path</em>.
Returns 0 if it succeeds or -1 (and sets errno) if it fails.
</p>
<p>
<code> int rm_rf_tmp (char const *path, stralloc *tmp) </code> <br />
Deletes the filesystem subtree at <em>path</em>, using *<em>tmp</em>
as heap-allocated temporary space.
Returns 0 if it succeeds or -1 (and sets errno) if it fails.
</p>
<p>
<code> int rm_rf_in_tmp (stralloc *tmp, size_t n) </code> <br />
Deletes a filesystem subtree, using *<em>tmp</em>
as heap-allocated temporary space.
Returns 0 if it succeeds or -1 (and sets errno) if it fails.
When the function is called, *<em>tmp</em> must contain the
null-terminated name of the subtree to delete at offset <em>n</em>.
</p>
<p>
<code> int rmstar (char const *dir) </code> <br />
Deletes all the filesystem subtrees in directory <em>dir</em>.
Returns 0 if it succeeds or -1 (and sets errno) if it fails.
</p>
<p>
<code> int rmstar_tmp (char const *dir, stralloc *tmp) </code> <br />
Deletes all the filesystem subtrees in directory <em>dir</em>,
using *<em>tmp</em> as heap-allocated temporary space.
Returns 0 if it succeeds or -1 (and sets errno) if it fails.
</p>
<h3> Filesystem copy </h3>
<p>
<code> int hiercopy_tmp (char const *src, char const *dst, stralloc *tmp) </code> <br />
Recursively copies the filesystem hierarchy at <em>src</em> into
<em>dst</em>, preserving modes, and also preserving the uids/gids if the
process is running as the super-user.
Uses *<em>tmp</em> as heap-allocated temporary space.
Returns 1 if it succeeds or 0 (and sets errno) if it fails.
</p>
<p>
<code> int hiercopy (char const *src, char const *dst) </code> <br />
Same as above, using the <tt>satmp</tt> global stralloc as
heap-allocated temporary space.
</p>
<h3> Directory listing </h3>
<p>
<code> int sals (char const *dir, stralloc *sa, size_t *maxlen) </code> <br />
Appends the base names of all the files (save <tt>.</tt> and <tt>..</tt>) in
<em>dir</em> to the stralloc <em>*sa</em>; each name is null-terminated.
On error, returns -1 and sets errno. On success, returns the number of files
it found, and writes to <em>*maxlen</em> the size of the largest file name
it found (0 for an empty directory).
</p>
<h3> Variable length wrappers around Single Unix calls </h3>
<p>
<code> int sarealpath (stralloc *sa, char const *path) </code> <br />
Resolves <em>path</em> into a symlink-free absolute path, appending
the result to the *<em>sa</em>
<a href="stralloc.html">stralloc</a>.
Returns 0 if it succeeds and -1 (and sets errno) if it fails.
</p>
<p>
<code> int sarealpath_tmp (stralloc *sa, char const *path, stralloc *tmp) </code> <br />
Resolves <em>path</em> into a symlink-free absolute path, appending
the result to *<em>sa</em>. Uses *<em>tmp</em> as heap-allocated
temporary space.
Returns 0 if it succeeds and -1 (and sets errno) if it fails.
</p>
<p>
<code> int sabasename (stralloc *sa, char const *s, size_t len) </code> <br />
Appends the basename of filename <em>s</em> (of length <em>len</em>)
to *<em>sa</em>.
Returns 1 if it succeeds and 0 (and sets errno) if it fails.
</p>
<p>
<code> int sadirname (stralloc *sa, char const *s, size_t len) </code> <br />
Appends the dirname of filename <em>s</em> (of length <em>len</em>)
to *<em>sa</em>.
Returns 1 if it succeeds and 0 (and sets errno) if it fails.
</p>
<p>
<code> int sagetcwd (stralloc *sa) </code> <br />
Appends the current working directory to *<em>sa</em>.
Returns 0 if it succeeds and -1 (and sets errno) if it fails.
</p>
<p>
<code> int sareadlink (stralloc *sa, char const *link) </code> <br />
Appends the contents of symbolic link <em>link</em> to *<em>sa</em>.
Returns 0 if it succeeds and -1 (and sets errno) if it fails.
</p>
<p>
<code> int sagethostname (stralloc *sa) </code> <br />
Appends the machine's hostname to *<em>sa</em>.
Returns 0 if it succeeds and -1 (and sets errno) if it fails.
</p>
<h3> Temporization </h3>
<p>
<code> void deepsleepuntil (tain const *deadline, tain *stamp) </code> <br />
Sleeps until the absolute time represented by the
<a href="tai.html">tain</a> *<em>deadline</em>. *<em>stamp</em>
must contain the current time. When the function returns, *<em>stamp</em>
has been updated to reflect the new current time.
</p>
<p>
<code> void deepsleep (unsigned int n) </code> <br />
Sleeps <em>n</em> seconds. Signals received during that time are handled,
but <em>do not</em> interrupt the sleep.
</p>
<p>
<code> void deepmillisleep (unsigned long n) </code> <br />
Sleeps <em>n</em> milliseconds. Signals received during that time are handled,
but <em>do not</em> interrupt the sleep.
</p>
<h3> Miscellaneous functions </h3>
<p>
<code> size_t path_canonicalize (char *out, char const *in, int check) </code> <br />
Writes into <em>out</em> the canonical form of the Unix path given in
<em>in</em>. The <em>out</em> array must be preallocated with at least
<tt>strlen(in)+2</tt> bytes. Returns the length of the <em>out</em> path, without
counting the terminating null byte. If <em>check</em> is nonzero, <em>in</em> is tested
for every <tt>foobar/..</tt> element, and the function returns 0, and sets errno
appropriately, if <tt>foobar</tt> is not a valid directory; in that case, <em>out</em>
contains the problematic path.
</p>
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