summary refs log tree commit diff
path: root/timezone/southamerica
blob: 3a61cd717af94c06ccbefa906e2fd95caddf55c3 (plain) (blame)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
209
210
211
212
213
214
215
216
217
218
219
220
221
222
223
224
225
226
227
228
229
230
231
232
233
234
235
236
237
238
239
240
241
242
243
244
245
246
247
248
249
250
251
252
253
254
255
256
257
258
259
260
261
262
263
264
265
266
267
268
269
270
271
272
273
274
275
276
277
278
279
280
281
282
283
284
285
286
287
288
289
290
291
292
293
294
295
296
297
298
299
300
301
302
303
304
305
306
307
308
309
310
311
312
313
314
315
316
317
318
319
320
321
322
323
324
325
326
327
328
329
330
331
332
333
334
335
336
337
338
339
340
341
342
343
344
345
346
347
348
349
350
351
352
353
354
355
356
357
358
359
360
361
362
363
364
365
366
367
368
369
370
371
372
373
374
375
376
377
378
379
380
381
382
383
384
385
386
387
388
389
390
391
392
393
394
395
396
397
398
399
400
401
402
403
404
405
406
407
408
409
410
411
412
413
414
415
416
417
418
419
420
421
422
423
424
425
426
427
428
429
430
431
432
433
434
435
436
437
438
439
440
441
442
443
444
445
446
447
448
449
450
451
452
453
454
455
456
457
458
459
460
461
462
463
464
465
466
467
468
469
470
471
472
473
474
475
476
477
478
479
480
481
482
483
484
485
486
487
488
489
490
491
492
493
494
495
496
497
498
499
500
501
502
503
504
505
506
507
508
509
510
511
512
513
514
515
516
517
518
519
520
521
522
523
524
525
526
527
528
529
530
531
532
533
534
535
536
537
538
539
540
541
542
543
544
545
546
547
548
549
550
551
552
553
554
555
556
557
558
559
560
561
562
563
564
565
566
567
568
569
570
571
572
573
574
575
576
577
578
579
580
581
582
583
584
585
586
587
588
589
590
591
592
593
594
595
596
597
598
599
600
601
602
603
604
605
606
607
608
609
610
611
612
613
614
615
616
617
618
619
620
621
622
623
624
625
626
627
628
629
630
631
632
633
634
635
636
637
638
639
640
641
642
643
644
645
646
647
648
649
650
651
652
653
654
655
656
657
658
659
660
661
662
663
664
665
666
667
668
669
670
671
672
673
674
675
676
677
678
679
680
681
682
683
684
685
686
687
688
689
690
691
692
693
694
695
696
697
698
699
700
701
702
703
704
705
706
707
708
709
710
711
712
713
714
715
716
717
718
719
720
721
722
723
724
725
726
727
728
729
730
731
732
733
734
735
736
737
738
739
740
741
742
743
744
745
746
747
748
749
750
751
752
753
754
755
756
757
758
759
760
761
762
763
764
765
766
767
768
769
770
771
772
773
774
775
776
777
778
779
780
781
782
783
784
785
786
787
788
789
790
791
792
793
794
795
796
797
798
799
800
801
802
803
804
805
806
807
808
809
810
811
812
813
814
815
816
817
818
819
820
821
822
823
824
825
826
827
828
829
830
831
832
833
834
835
836
837
838
839
840
841
842
843
844
845
846
847
848
849
850
851
852
853
854
855
856
857
858
859
860
861
862
863
864
865
866
867
868
869
870
871
872
873
874
875
876
877
878
879
880
881
882
883
884
885
886
887
888
889
890
891
892
893
894
895
896
897
898
899
900
901
902
903
904
905
906
907
908
909
910
911
912
913
914
915
916
917
918
919
920
921
922
923
924
925
926
927
928
929
930
931
932
933
934
935
936
937
938
939
940
941
942
943
944
945
946
947
948
949
950
951
952
953
954
955
956
957
958
959
960
961
962
963
964
965
966
967
968
969
970
971
972
973
974
975
976
977
978
979
980
981
982
983
984
985
986
987
988
989
990
991
992
993
994
995
996
997
998
999
1000
1001
1002
1003
1004
1005
1006
1007
1008
1009
1010
1011
1012
1013
1014
1015
1016
1017
1018
1019
1020
1021
1022
1023
1024
1025
1026
1027
1028
1029
1030
1031
1032
1033
1034
1035
1036
1037
1038
1039
1040
1041
1042
1043
1044
1045
1046
1047
1048
1049
1050
1051
1052
1053
1054
1055
1056
1057
1058
1059
1060
1061
1062
1063
1064
1065
1066
1067
1068
1069
1070
1071
# @(#)southamerica	8.1
# <pre>

# This data is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better,
# go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to
# tz@elsie.nci.nih.gov for general use in the future).

# From Paul Eggert (1999-07-07):
# A good source for time zone historical data outside the U.S. is
# Thomas G. Shanks, The International Atlas (5th edition),
# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (1999).
#
# Gwillim Law writes that a good source
# for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport
# Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM),
# published semiannually.  Law sent in several helpful summaries
# of the IATA's data after 1990.
#
# Except where otherwise noted, Shanks is the source for entries through 1990,
# and IATA SSIM is the source for entries after 1990.
#
# Earlier editions of these tables used the North American style (e.g. ARST and
# ARDT for Argentine Standard and Daylight Time), but the following quote
# suggests that it's better to use European style (e.g. ART and ARST).
#	I suggest the use of _Summer time_ instead of the more cumbersome
#	_daylight-saving time_.  _Summer time_ seems to be in general use
#	in Europe and South America.
#	-- E O Cutler, _New York Times_ (1937-02-14), quoted in
#	H L Mencken, _The American Language: Supplement I_ (1960), p 466
#
# Earlier editions of these tables also used the North American style
# for time zones in Brazil, but this was incorrect, as Brazilians say
# "summer time".  Reinaldo Goulart, a Sao Paulo businessman active in
# the railroad sector, writes (1999-07-06):
#	The subject of time zones is currently a matter of discussion/debate in
#	Brazil.  Let's say that "the Brasilia time" is considered the
#	"official time" because Brasilia is the capital city.
#	The other three time zones are called "Brasilia time "minus one" or
#	"plus one" or "plus two".  As far as I know there is no such
#	name/designation as "Eastern Time" or "Central Time".
# So I invented the following (English-language) abbreviations for now.
# Corrections are welcome!
#		std	dst
#	-2:00	FNT	FNST	Fernando de Noronha
#	-3:00	BRT	BRST	Brasilia
#	-4:00	AMT	AMST	Amazon
#	-5:00	ACT	ACST	Acre

###############################################################################

###############################################################################

# Argentina

# From Bob Devine (1988-01-28):
# Argentina: first Sunday in October to first Sunday in April since 1976.
# Double Summer time from 1969 to 1974.  Switches at midnight.

# From U. S. Naval Observatory (1988-01-199):
# ARGENTINA           3 H BEHIND   UTC

# From Hernan G. Otero (1995-06-26):
# I am sending modifications to the Argentine time zone table...
# AR was chosen because they are the ISO letters that represent Argentina.

# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
Rule	Arg	1930	only	-	Dec	 1	0:00	1:00	S
Rule	Arg	1931	only	-	Apr	 1	0:00	0	-
Rule	Arg	1931	only	-	Oct	15	0:00	1:00	S
Rule	Arg	1932	1940	-	Mar	 1	0:00	0	-
Rule	Arg	1932	1939	-	Nov	 1	0:00	1:00	S
Rule	Arg	1940	only	-	Jul	 1	0:00	1:00	S
Rule	Arg	1941	only	-	Jun	15	0:00	0	-
Rule	Arg	1941	only	-	Oct	15	0:00	1:00	S
Rule	Arg	1943	only	-	Aug	 1	0:00	0	-
Rule	Arg	1943	only	-	Oct	15	0:00	1:00	S
Rule	Arg	1946	only	-	Mar	 1	0:00	0	-
Rule	Arg	1946	only	-	Oct	 1	0:00	1:00	S
Rule	Arg	1963	only	-	Oct	 1	0:00	0	-
Rule	Arg	1963	only	-	Dec	15	0:00	1:00	S
Rule	Arg	1964	1966	-	Mar	 1	0:00	0	-
Rule	Arg	1964	1966	-	Oct	15	0:00	1:00	S
Rule	Arg	1967	only	-	Apr	 2	0:00	0	-
Rule	Arg	1967	1968	-	Oct	Sun>=1	0:00	1:00	S
Rule	Arg	1968	1969	-	Apr	Sun>=1	0:00	0	-
Rule	Arg	1974	only	-	Jan	23	0:00	1:00	S
Rule	Arg	1974	only	-	May	 1	0:00	0	-
Rule	Arg	1988	only	-	Dec	 1	0:00	1:00	S
#
# From Hernan G. Otero (1995-06-26):
# These corrections were contributed by InterSoft Argentina S.A.,
# obtaining the data from the:
# Talleres de Hidrografia Naval Argentina
# (Argentine Naval Hydrography Institute)
#
# Shanks stops after 1992-03-01; go with Otero.
Rule	Arg	1989	1993	-	Mar	Sun>=1	0:00	0	-
Rule	Arg	1989	1992	-	Oct	Sun>=15	0:00	1:00	S
#
# From Hernan G. Otero (1995-06-26):
# From this moment on, the law that mandated the daylight saving
# time corrections was derogated and no more modifications
# to the time zones (for daylight saving) are now made.
#
# From Rives McDow (2000-01-10):
# On October 3, 1999, 0:00 local, Argentina implemented daylight savings time,
# which did not result in the switch of a time zone, as they stayed 9 hours
# from the International Date Line.
Rule	Arg	1999	only	-	Oct	Sun>=1	0:00	1:00	S
Rule	Arg	2000	only	-	Mar	Sun>=1	0:00	0	-
#
# From Peter Gradelski via Steffen Thorsen (2000-03-01):
# We just checked with our Sao Paulo office and they say the government of
# Argentina decided not to become one of the countries that go on or off DST.
# So Buenos Aires should be -3 hours from GMT at all times.
#
# From Fabian L. Arce Jofre (2000-04-04):
# The law that claimed DST for Argentina was derogated by President Fernando
# de la Rua on March 2, 2000, because it would make people spend more energy
# in the winter time, rather than less.  The change took effect on March 3.
#
# From Mariano Absatz (2001-06-06):
# one of the major newspapers here in Argentina said that the 1999
# Timezone Law (which never was effectively applied) will (would?) be
# in effect.... The article is at
# http://ar.clarin.com/diario/2001-06-06/e-01701.htm
# ... The Law itself is "Ley No 25155", sanctioned on 1999-08-25, enacted
# 1999-09-17, and published 1999-09-21.  The official publication is at:
# http://www.boletin.jus.gov.ar/BON/Primera/1999/09-Septiembre/21/PDF/BO21-09-99LEG.PDF
# Regretfully, you have to subscribe (and pay) for the on-line version....
#
# (2001-06-12):
# the timezone for Argentina will not change next Sunday.
# Apparently it will do so on Sunday 24th....
# http://ar.clarin.com/diario/2001-06-12/s-03501.htm
#
# (2001-06-25):
# Last Friday (yes, the last working day before the date of the change), the
# Senate annulled the 1999 law that introduced the changes later postponed.
# http://www.clarin.com.ar/diario/2001-06-22/s-03601.htm
# It remains the vote of the Deputies..., but it will be the same....
# This kind of things had always been done this way in Argentina.
# We are still -03:00 all year round in all of the country.
#
# From Mariano Absatz (2004-05-21):
# Today it was officially published that the Province of Mendoza is changing
# its timezone this winter... starting tomorrow night....
# http://www.gobernac.mendoza.gov.ar/boletin/pdf/20040521-27158-normas.pdf
# From Paul Eggert (2004-05-24):
# It's Law No. 7,210.  This change is due to a public power emergency, so for
# now we'll assume it's for this year only.
#
# From Paul Eggert (2002-01-22):
# <a href="http://www.spicasc.net/horvera.html">
# Hora de verano para la Republica Argentina (2000-10-01)
# </a> says that standard time in Argentina from 1894-10-31
# to 1920-05-01 was -4:16:48.25.  Go with this more-precise value
# over Shanks.
#
# From Mariano Absatz (2004-06-05):
# These media articles from a major newspaper mostly cover the current state:
# http://www.lanacion.com.ar/04/05/27/de_604825.asp
# http://www.lanacion.com.ar/04/05/28/de_605203.asp
#
# The following eight (8) provinces pulled clocks back to UTC-04:00 at
# midnight Monday May 31st. (that is, the night between 05/31 and 06/01).
# Apparently, all nine provinces would go back to UTC-03:00 at the same
# time in October 17th.
#
# Catamarca, Chubut, La Rioja, San Juan, San Luis, Santa Cruz,
# Tierra del Fuego, Tucuman.
#
# From Mariano Absatz (2004-06-14):
# ... this weekend, the Province of Tucuman decided it'd go back to UTC-03:00
# yesterday midnight (that is, at 24:00 Saturday 12th), since the people's
# annoyance with the change is much higher than the power savings obtained....
#
# From Gwillim Law (2004-06-14):
# http://www.lanacion.com.ar/04/06/10/de_609078.asp ...
#     "The time change in Tierra del Fuego was a conflicted decision from
#   the start.  The government had decreed that the measure would take
#   effect on June 1, but a normative error forced the new time to begin
#   three days earlier, from a Saturday to a Sunday....
# Our understanding was that the change was originally scheduled to take place
# on June 1 at 00:00 in Chubut, Santa Cruz, Tierra del Fuego (and some other
# provinces).  Sunday was May 30, only two days earlier.  So the article
# contains a contradiction.  I would give more credence to the Saturday/Sunday
# date than the "three days earlier" phrase, and conclude that Tierra del
# Fuego set its clocks back at 2004-05-30 00:00.
#
# From Steffen Thorsen (2004-10-05):
# The previous law 7210 which changed the province of Mendoza's time zone
# back in May have been modified slightly in a new law 7277, which set the
# new end date to 2004-09-26 (original date was 2004-10-17).
# http://www.gobernac.mendoza.gov.ar/boletin/pdf/20040924-27244-normas.pdf
#
# From Mariano Absatz (2004-10-05):
# San Juan changed from UTC-03:00 to UTC-04:00 at midnight between
# Sunday, May 30th and Monday, May 31st.  It changed back to UTC-03:00
# at midnight between Saturday, July 24th and Sunday, July 25th....
# http://www.sanjuan.gov.ar/prensa/archivo/000329.html
# http://www.sanjuan.gov.ar/prensa/archivo/000426.html
# http://www.sanjuan.gov.ar/prensa/archivo/000441.html

# Unless otherwise specified, data are from Shanks through 1992, from
# the IATA otherwise.  As noted below, Shanks says that
# America/Cordoba split into 6 subregions during 1991/1992, but we
# haven't verified this yet so for now we'll keep it a single region.
#
# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
#
# Buenos Aires (BA), Capital Federal (CF),
Zone America/Argentina/Buenos_Aires -3:53:48 - LMT 1894 Oct 31
			-4:16:48 -	CMT	1920 May # Cordoba Mean Time
			-4:00	-	ART	1930 Dec
			-4:00	Arg	AR%sT	1969 Oct  5
			-3:00	Arg	AR%sT	1999 Oct  3
			-4:00	Arg	AR%sT	2000 Mar  3
			-3:00	-	ART
#
# Santa Fe (SF), Entre Rios (ER), Corrientes (CN), Misiones (MN), Chaco (CC),
# Formosa (FM), Salta (SA), Santiago del Estero (SE), Cordoba (CB),
# San Luis (SL), La Pampa (LP), Neuquen (NQ), Rio Negro (RN)
#
# Shanks also makes the following claims, which we haven't verified:
# - Formosa switched to -3:00 on 1991-01-07.
# - Misiones switched to -3:00 on 1990-12-29.
# - Chaco switched to -3:00 on 1991-01-04.
# - San Luis switched to -4:00 on 1990-03-14, then to -3:00 on 1990-10-15,
#   then to -4:00 on 1991-03-01, then to -3:00 on 1991-06-01.
# - Santiago del Estero switched to -4:00 on 1991-04-01,
#   then to -3:00 on 1991-04-26.
#
Zone America/Argentina/Cordoba -4:16:48 - LMT	1894 Oct 31
			-4:16:48 -	CMT	1920 May
			-4:00	-	ART	1930 Dec
			-4:00	Arg	AR%sT	1969 Oct  5
			-3:00	Arg	AR%sT	1991 Mar  3
			-4:00	-	WART	1991 Oct 20
			-3:00	Arg	AR%sT	1999 Oct  3
			-4:00	Arg	AR%sT	2000 Mar  3
			-3:00	-	ART
#
# Tucuman (TM)
Zone America/Argentina/Tucuman -4:20:52 - LMT	1894 Oct 31
			-4:16:48 -	CMT	1920 May
			-4:00	-	ART	1930 Dec
			-4:00	Arg	AR%sT	1969 Oct  5
			-3:00	Arg	AR%sT	1991 Mar  3
			-4:00	-	WART	1991 Oct 20
			-3:00	Arg	AR%sT	1999 Oct  3
			-4:00	Arg	AR%sT	2000 Mar  3
			-3:00	-	ART	2004 Jun  1
			-4:00	-	WART	2004 Jun 13
			-3:00	-	ART
#
# La Rioja (LR)
Zone America/Argentina/La_Rioja -4:27:24 - LMT	1894 Oct 31
			-4:16:48 -	CMT	1920 May
			-4:00	-	ART	1930 Dec
			-4:00	Arg	AR%sT	1969 Oct  5
			-3:00	Arg	AR%sT	1991 Mar  1
			-4:00	-	WART	1991 May  7
			-3:00	Arg	AR%sT	1999 Oct  3
			-4:00	Arg	AR%sT	2000 Mar  3
			-3:00	-	ART	2004 Jun  1
			-4:00	-	WART	2004 Jun 20
			-3:00	-	ART
#
# San Juan (SJ)
Zone America/Argentina/San_Juan -4:34:04 - LMT	1894 Oct 31
			-4:16:48 -	CMT	1920 May
			-4:00	-	ART	1930 Dec
			-4:00	Arg	AR%sT	1969 Oct  5
			-3:00	Arg	AR%sT	1991 Mar  1
			-4:00	-	WART	1991 May  7
			-3:00	Arg	AR%sT	1999 Oct  3
			-4:00	Arg	AR%sT	2000 Mar  3
			-3:00	-	ART	2004 May 31
			-4:00	-	WART	2004 Jul 25
			-3:00	-	ART
#
# Jujuy (JY)
Zone America/Argentina/Jujuy -4:21:12 -	LMT	1894 Oct 31
			-4:16:48 -	CMT	1920 May
			-4:00	-	ART	1930 Dec
			-4:00	Arg	AR%sT	1969 Oct  5
			-3:00	Arg	AR%sT	1990 Mar  4
			-4:00	-	WART	1990 Oct 28
			-4:00	1:00	WARST	1991 Mar 17
			-4:00	-	WART	1991 Oct  6
			-3:00	1:00	ARST	1992
			-3:00	Arg	AR%sT	1999 Oct  3
			-4:00	Arg	AR%sT	2000 Mar  3
			-3:00	-	ART
#
# Catamarca (CT), Chubut (CH)
Zone America/Argentina/Catamarca -4:23:08 - LMT	1894 Oct 31
			-4:16:48 -	CMT	1920 May
			-4:00	-	ART	1930 Dec
			-4:00	Arg	AR%sT	1969 Oct  5
			-3:00	Arg	AR%sT	1991 Mar  3
			-4:00	-	WART	1991 Oct 20
			-3:00	Arg	AR%sT	1999 Oct  3
			-4:00	Arg	AR%sT	2000 Mar  3
			-3:00	-	ART	2004 Jun  1
			-4:00	-	WART	2004 Jun 20
			-3:00	-	ART
#
# Mendoza (MZ)
Zone America/Argentina/Mendoza -4:35:16 - LMT	1894 Oct 31
			-4:16:48 -	CMT	1920 May
			-4:00	-	ART	1930 Dec
			-4:00	Arg	AR%sT	1969 Oct  5
			-3:00	Arg	AR%sT	1990 Mar  4
			-4:00	-	WART	1990 Oct 15
			-4:00	1:00	WARST	1991 Mar  1
			-4:00	-	WART	1991 Oct 15
			-4:00	1:00	WARST	1992 Mar  1
			-4:00	-	WART	1992 Oct 18
			-3:00	Arg	AR%sT	1999 Oct  3
			-4:00	Arg	AR%sT	2000 Mar  3
			-3:00	-	ART	2004 May 23
			-4:00	-	WART	2004 Sep 26
			-3:00	-	ART
#
# Santa Cruz (SC)
Zone America/Argentina/Rio_Gallegos -4:36:52 - LMT 1894 Oct 31
			-4:16:48 -	CMT	1920 May # Cordoba Mean Time
			-4:00	-	ART	1930 Dec
			-4:00	Arg	AR%sT	1969 Oct  5
			-3:00	Arg	AR%sT	1999 Oct  3
			-4:00	Arg	AR%sT	2000 Mar  3
			-3:00	-	ART	2004 Jun  1
			-4:00	-	WART	2004 Jun 20
			-3:00	-	ART
#
# Tierra del Fuego, Antartida e Islas del Atlantico Sur (TF)
Zone America/Argentina/Ushuaia -4:33:12 - LMT 1894 Oct 31
			-4:16:48 -	CMT	1920 May # Cordoba Mean Time
			-4:00	-	ART	1930 Dec
			-4:00	Arg	AR%sT	1969 Oct  5
			-3:00	Arg	AR%sT	1999 Oct  3
			-4:00	Arg	AR%sT	2000 Mar  3
			-3:00	-	ART	2004 May 30
			-4:00	-	WART	2004 Jun 20
			-3:00	-	ART

# Aruba
# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
Zone	America/Aruba	-4:40:24 -	LMT	1912 Feb 12	# Oranjestad
			-4:30	-	ANT	1965 # Netherlands Antilles Time
			-4:00	-	AST

# Bolivia
# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
Zone	America/La_Paz	-4:32:36 -	LMT	1890
			-4:32:36 -	CMT	1931 Oct 15 # Calamarca MT
			-4:32:36 1:00	BOST	1932 Mar 21 # Bolivia ST
			-4:00	-	BOT	# Bolivia Time

# Brazil

# From Paul Eggert (1993-11-18):
# The mayor of Rio recently attempted to change the time zone rules
# just in his city, in order to leave more summer time for the tourist trade.
# The rule change lasted only part of the day;
# the federal government refused to follow the city's rules, and business
# was in a chaos, so the mayor backed down that afternoon.

# From IATA SSIM (1996-02):
# _Only_ the following states in BR1 observe DST: Rio Grande do Sul (RS),
# Santa Catarina (SC), Parana (PR), Sao Paulo (SP), Rio de Janeiro (RJ),
# Espirito Santo (ES), Minas Gerais (MG), Bahia (BA), Goias (GO),
# Distrito Federal (DF), Tocantins (TO), Sergipe [SE] and Alagoas [AL].
# [The last three states are new to this issue of the IATA SSIM.]

# From Gwillim Law (1996-10-07):
# Geography, history (Tocantins was part of Goias until 1989), and other
# sources of time zone information lead me to believe that AL, SE, and TO were
# always in BR1, and so the only change was whether or not they observed DST....
# The earliest issue of the SSIM I have is 2/91.  Each issue from then until
# 9/95 says that DST is observed only in the ten states I quoted from 9/95,
# along with Mato Grosso (MT) and Mato Grosso do Sul (MS), which are in BR2
# (UTC-4)....  The other two time zones given for Brazil are BR3, which is
# UTC-5, no DST, and applies only in the state of Acre (AC); and BR4, which is
# UTC-2, and applies to Fernando de Noronha (formerly FN, but I believe it's
# become part of the state of Pernambuco).  The boundary between BR1 and BR2
# has never been clearly stated.  They've simply been called East and West.
# However, some conclusions can be drawn from another IATA manual: the Airline
# Coding Directory, which lists close to 400 airports in Brazil.  For each
# airport it gives a time zone which is coded to the SSIM.  From that
# information, I'm led to conclude that the states of Amapa (AP), Ceara (CE),
# Maranhao (MA), Paraiba (PR), Pernambuco (PE), Piaui (PI), and Rio Grande do
# Norte (RN), and the eastern part of Para (PA) are all in BR1 without DST.

# From Marcos Tadeu (1998-09-27):
# <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/verao1.html">
# Brazilian official page
# </a>

# From Jesper Norgaard (2000-11-03):
# [For an official list of which regions in Brazil use which time zones, see:]
# http://pcdsh01.on.br/Fusbr.htm
# http://pcdsh01.on.br/Fusbrhv.htm

# From Celso Doria via David Madeo (2002-10-09):
# The reason for the delay this year has to do with elections in Brazil.
#
# Unlike in the United States, elections in Brazil are 100% computerized and
# the results are known almost immediately.  Yesterday, it was the first
# round of the elections when 115 million Brazilians voted for President,
# Governor, Senators, Federal Deputies, and State Deputies.  Nobody is
# counting (or re-counting) votes anymore and we know there will be a second
# round for the Presidency and also for some Governors.  The 2nd round will
# take place on October 27th.
#
# The reason why the DST will only begin November 3rd is that the thousands
# of electoral machines used cannot have their time changed, and since the
# Constitution says the elections must begin at 8:00 AM and end at 5:00 PM,
# the Government decided to postpone DST, instead of changing the Constitution
# (maybe, for the next elections, it will be possible to change the clock)...

# From Rodrigo Severo (2004-10-04):
# It's just the biannual change made necessary by the much hyped, supposedly
# modern Brazilian eletronic voting machines which, apparently, can't deal
# with a time change between the first and the second rounds of the elections.

# From Paul Eggert (2002-10-10):
# The official decrees referenced below are mostly taken from
# <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/DecHV.html">
# Decretos sobre o Horario de Verao no Brasil
# </a> (2001-09-20, in Portuguese).
# The official site for all decrees, including those not related to time, is
# <a href="http://www.presidencia.gov.br/CCIVIL/decreto/principal_ano.htm">
# Presidencia da Republica, Subchefia para Assuntos Juridicos, Decretos
# </a> (in Portuguese).

# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
# Decree <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV20466.htm">20,466</a> (1931-10-01)
# Decree <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV21896.htm">21,896</a> (1932-01-10)
Rule	Brazil	1931	only	-	Oct	 3	11:00	1:00	S
Rule	Brazil	1932	1933	-	Apr	 1	 0:00	0	-
Rule	Brazil	1932	only	-	Oct	 3	 0:00	1:00	S
# Decree <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV23195.htm">23,195</a> (1933-10-10)
# revoked DST.
# Decree <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV27496.htm">27,496</a> (1949-11-24)
# Decree <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV27998.htm">27,998</a> (1950-04-13)
Rule	Brazil	1949	1952	-	Dec	 1	 0:00	1:00	S
Rule	Brazil	1950	only	-	Apr	16	 1:00	0	-
Rule	Brazil	1951	1952	-	Apr	 1	 0:00	0	-
# Decree <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV32308.htm">32,308</a> (1953-02-24)
Rule	Brazil	1953	only	-	Mar	 1	 0:00	0	-
# Decree <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV34724.htm">34,724</a> (1953-11-30)
# revoked DST.
# Decree <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV52700.htm">52,700</a> (1963-10-18)
# established DST from 1963-10-23 00:00 to 1964-02-29 00:00
# in SP, RJ, GB, MG, ES, due to the prolongation of the drought.
# Decree <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV53071.htm">53,071</a> (1963-12-03)
# extended the above decree to all of the national territory on 12-09.
Rule	Brazil	1963	only	-	Dec	 9	 0:00	1:00	S
# Decree <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV53604.htm">53,604</a> (1964-02-25)
# extended summer time by one day to 1964-03-01 00:00 (start of school).
Rule	Brazil	1964	only	-	Mar	 1	 0:00	0	-
# Decree <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV55639.htm">55,639</a> (1965-01-27)
Rule	Brazil	1965	only	-	Jan	31	 0:00	1:00	S
Rule	Brazil	1965	only	-	Mar	31	 0:00	0	-
# Decree <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV57303.htm">57,303</a> (1965-11-22)
Rule	Brazil	1965	only	-	Dec	 1	 0:00	1:00	S
# Decree <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV57843.htm">57,843</a> (1966-02-18)
Rule	Brazil	1966	1968	-	Mar	 1	 0:00	0	-
Rule	Brazil	1966	1967	-	Nov	 1	 0:00	1:00	S
# Decree <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV63429.htm">63,429</a> (1968-10-15)
# revoked DST.
# Decree <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV91698.htm">91,698</a> (1985-09-27)
Rule	Brazil	1985	only	-	Nov	 2	 0:00	1:00	S
# Decree 92,310 (1986-01-21)
# Decree 92,463 (1986-03-13)
Rule	Brazil	1986	only	-	Mar	15	 0:00	0	-
# Decree 93,316 (1986-10-01)
Rule	Brazil	1986	only	-	Oct	25	 0:00	1:00	S
Rule	Brazil	1987	only	-	Feb	14	 0:00	0	-
# Decree <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV94922.htm">94,922</a> (1987-09-22)
Rule	Brazil	1987	only	-	Oct	25	 0:00	1:00	S
Rule	Brazil	1988	only	-	Feb	 7	 0:00	0	-
# Decree <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV96676.htm">96,676</a> (1988-09-12)
# except for the states of AC, AM, PA, RR, RO, and AP (then a territory)
Rule	Brazil	1988	only	-	Oct	16	 0:00	1:00	S
Rule	Brazil	1989	only	-	Jan	29	 0:00	0	-
# Decree <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV98077.htm">98,077</a> (1989-08-21)
# with the same exceptions
Rule	Brazil	1989	only	-	Oct	15	 0:00	1:00	S
Rule	Brazil	1990	only	-	Feb	11	 0:00	0	-
# Decree <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV99530.htm">99,530</a> (1990-09-17)
# adopted by RS, SC, PR, SP, RJ, ES, MG, GO, MS, DF.
# Decree 99,629 (1990-10-19) adds BA, MT.
Rule	Brazil	1990	only	-	Oct	21	 0:00	1:00	S
Rule	Brazil	1991	only	-	Feb	17	 0:00	0	-
# <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV1991.htm">Unnumbered decree</a> (1991-09-25)
# adopted by RS, SC, PR, SP, RJ, ES, MG, BA, GO, MT, MS, DF.
Rule	Brazil	1991	only	-	Oct	20	 0:00	1:00	S
Rule	Brazil	1992	only	-	Feb	 9	 0:00	0	-
# <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV1992.htm">Unnumbered decree</a> (1992-10-16)
# adopted by same states.
Rule	Brazil	1992	only	-	Oct	25	 0:00	1:00	S
Rule	Brazil	1993	only	-	Jan	31	 0:00	0	-
# Decree <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV942.htm">942</a> (1993-09-28)
# adopted by same states, plus AM.
# Decree <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV1252.htm">1,252</a> (1994-09-22;
# web page corrected 2004-01-07) adopted by same states, minus AM.
# Decree <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV1636.htm">1,636</a> (1995-09-14)
# adopted by same states, plus MT and TO.
# Decree <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV1674.htm">1,674</a> (1995-10-13)
# adds AL, SE.
Rule	Brazil	1993	1995	-	Oct	Sun>=11	 0:00	1:00	S
Rule	Brazil	1994	1995	-	Feb	Sun>=15	 0:00	0	-
Rule	Brazil	1996	only	-	Feb	11	 0:00	0	-
# Decree <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV2000.htm">2,000</a> (1996-09-04)
# adopted by same states, minus AL, SE.
Rule	Brazil	1996	only	-	Oct	 6	 0:00	1:00	S
Rule	Brazil	1997	only	-	Feb	16	 0:00	0	-
# From Daniel C. Sobral (1998-02-12):
# In 1997, the DS began on October 6. The stated reason was that
# because international television networks ignored Brazil's policy on DS,
# they bought the wrong times on satellite for coverage of Pope's visit.
# This year, the ending date of DS was postponed to March 1
# to help dealing with the shortages of electric power.
#
# Decree 2,317 (1997-09-04), adopted by same states.
Rule	Brazil	1997	only	-	Oct	 6	 0:00	1:00	S
# Decree <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/figuras/HV2495.JPG">2,495</a>
# (1998-02-10)
Rule	Brazil	1998	only	-	Mar	 1	 0:00	0	-
# Decree <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/figuras/Hv98.jpg">2,780</a> (1998-09-11)
# adopted by the same states as before.
Rule	Brazil	1998	only	-	Oct	11	 0:00	1:00	S
Rule	Brazil	1999	only	-	Feb	21	 0:00	0	-
# Decree <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/figuras/HV3150.gif">3,150</a>
# (1999-08-23) adopted by same states.
# Decree <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/DecHV99.gif">3,188</a> (1999-09-30)
# adds SE, AL, PB, PE, RN, CE, PI, MA and RR.
Rule	Brazil	1999	only	-	Oct	 3	 0:00	1:00	S
Rule	Brazil	2000	only	-	Feb	27	 0:00	0	-
# Decree <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/DEC3592.htm">3,592</a> (2000-09-06)
# adopted by the same states as before.
# Decree <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/Dec3630.jpg">3,630</a> (2000-10-13)
# repeals DST in PE and RR, effective 2000-10-15 00:00.
# Decree <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/Dec3632.jpg">3,632</a> (2000-10-17)
# repeals DST in SE, AL, PB, RN, CE, PI and MA, effective 2000-10-22 00:00.
# Decree <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/figuras/HV3916.gif">3,916</a>
# (2001-09-13) reestablishes DST in AL, CE, MA, PB, PE, PI, RN, SE.
Rule	Brazil	2000	2001	-	Oct	Sun>=8	 0:00	1:00	S
Rule	Brazil	2001	max	-	Feb	Sun>=15	 0:00	0	-
# Decree 4,399 (2002-10-01) repeals DST in AL, CE, MA, PB, PE, PI, RN, SE.
# <a href="http://www.presidencia.gov.br/CCIVIL/decreto/2002/D4399.htm"></a>
Rule	Brazil	2002	only	-	Nov	 3	 0:00	1:00	S
# Decree 4,844 (2003-09-24; corrected 2003-09-26) repeals DST in BA, MT, TO.
# <a href="http://www.presidencia.gov.br/CCIVIL/decreto/2003/D4844.htm"></a>
Rule	Brazil	2003	only	-	Oct	19	 0:00	1:00	S
# Decree 5,223 (2004-10-01) reestablishes DST in MT.
# <a href="http://www.planalto.gov.br/ccivil_03/_Ato2004-2006/2004/Decreto/D5223.htm"></a>
Rule	Brazil	2004	only	-	Nov	 2	 0:00	1:00	S
# Decree <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/DecHV5539.gif">5,539</a> (2005-09-19),
# adopted by the same states as before.
Rule	Brazil	2005	max	-	Oct	Sun>=15	 0:00	1:00	S
# The latest ruleset listed above says that the following states observe DST:
# DF, ES, GO, MG, MS, MT, PR, RJ, RS, SC, SP.
# For dates after mid-2006, the above rules with TO="max" are guesses
# and are quite possibly wrong, but are more likely than no DST at all.


# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
#
# Fernando de Noronha (administratively part of PE)
Zone America/Noronha	-2:09:40 -	LMT	1914
			-2:00	Brazil	FN%sT	1990 Sep 17
			-2:00	-	FNT	1999 Sep 30
			-2:00	Brazil	FN%sT	2000 Oct 15
			-2:00	-	FNT	2001 Sep 13
			-2:00	Brazil	FN%sT	2002 Oct  1
			-2:00	-	FNT
# Other Atlantic islands have no permanent settlement.
# These include Trindade and Martin Vaz (administratively part of ES),
# Atol das Rocas (RN), and Penedos de Sao Pedro e Sao Paulo (PE).
# Fernando de Noronha was a separate territory from 1942-09-02 to 1989-01-01;
# it also included the Penedos.
#
# Amapa (AP), east Para (PA)
# East Para includes Belem, Maraba, Serra Norte, and Sao Felix do Xingu.
# The division between east and west Para is the river Xingu.
# In the north a very small part from the river Javary (now Jari I guess,
# the border with Amapa) to the Amazon, then to the Xingu.
Zone America/Belem	-3:13:56 -	LMT	1914
			-3:00	Brazil	BR%sT	1988 Sep 12
			-3:00	-	BRT
#
# Maranhao (MA), Piaui (PI), Ceara (CE), Rio Grande do Norte (RN),
# Paraiba (PB)
Zone America/Fortaleza	-2:34:00 -	LMT	1914
			-3:00	Brazil	BR%sT	1990 Sep 17
			-3:00	-	BRT	1999 Sep 30
			-3:00	Brazil	BR%sT	2000 Oct 22
			-3:00	-	BRT	2001 Sep 13
			-3:00	Brazil	BR%sT	2002 Oct  1
			-3:00	-	BRT
#
# Pernambuco (PE) (except Atlantic islands)
Zone America/Recife	-2:19:36 -	LMT	1914
			-3:00	Brazil	BR%sT	1990 Sep 17
			-3:00	-	BRT	1999 Sep 30
			-3:00	Brazil	BR%sT	2000 Oct 15
			-3:00	-	BRT	2001 Sep 13
			-3:00	Brazil	BR%sT	2002 Oct  1
			-3:00	-	BRT
#
# Tocantins (TO)
Zone America/Araguaina	-3:12:48 -	LMT	1914
			-3:00	Brazil	BR%sT	1990 Sep 17
			-3:00	-	BRT	1995 Sep 14
			-3:00	Brazil	BR%sT	2003 Sep 24
			-3:00	-	BRT
#
# Alagoas (AL), Sergipe (SE)
Zone America/Maceio	-2:22:52 -	LMT	1914
			-3:00	Brazil	BR%sT	1990 Sep 17
			-3:00	-	BRT	1995 Oct 13
			-3:00	Brazil	BR%sT	1996 Sep  4
			-3:00	-	BRT	1999 Sep 30
			-3:00	Brazil	BR%sT	2000 Oct 22
			-3:00	-	BRT	2001 Sep 13
			-3:00	Brazil	BR%sT	2002 Oct  1
			-3:00	-	BRT
#
# Bahia (BA)
# There are too many Salvadors elsewhere, so use America/Bahia instead
# of America/Salvador.
Zone America/Bahia	-2:34:04 -	LMT	1914
			-3:00	Brazil	BR%sT	2003 Sep 24
			-3:00	-	BRT
#
# Goias (GO), Distrito Federal (DF), Minas Gerais (MG),
# Espirito Santo (ES), Rio de Janeiro (RJ), Sao Paulo (SP), Parana (PR),
# Santa Catarina (SC), Rio Grande do Sul (RS)
Zone America/Sao_Paulo	-3:06:28 -	LMT	1914
			-3:00	Brazil	BR%sT	1963 Oct 23 00:00
			-3:00	1:00	BRST	1964
			-3:00	Brazil	BR%sT
#
# Mato Grosso do Sul (MS)
Zone America/Campo_Grande -3:38:28 -	LMT	1914
			-4:00	Brazil	AM%sT
#
# Mato Grosso (MT)
Zone America/Cuiaba	-3:44:20 -	LMT	1914
			-4:00	Brazil	AM%sT	2003 Sep 24
			-4:00	-	AMT	2004 Oct  1
			-4:00	Brazil	AM%sT
#
# west Para (PA), Rondonia (RO)
# West Para includes Altamira, Oribidos, Prainha, Oriximina, and Santarem.
Zone America/Porto_Velho -4:15:36 -	LMT	1914
			-4:00	Brazil	AM%sT	1988 Sep 12
			-4:00	-	AMT
#
# Roraima (RR)
Zone America/Boa_Vista	-4:02:40 -	LMT	1914
			-4:00	Brazil	AM%sT	1988 Sep 12
			-4:00	-	AMT	1999 Sep 30
			-4:00	Brazil	AM%sT	2000 Oct 15
			-4:00	-	AMT
#
# east Amazonas (AM): Boca do Acre, Jutai, Manaus, Floriano Peixoto
# The great circle line from Tabatinga to Porto Acre divides
# east from west Amazonas.
Zone America/Manaus	-4:00:04 -	LMT	1914
			-4:00	Brazil	AM%sT	1988 Sep 12
			-4:00	-	AMT	1993 Sep 28
			-4:00	Brazil	AM%sT	1994 Sep 22
			-4:00	-	AMT
#
# west Amazonas (AM): Atalaia do Norte, Boca do Maoco, Benjamin Constant,
#	Eirunepe, Envira, Ipixuna
Zone America/Eirunepe	-4:39:28 -	LMT	1914
			-5:00	Brazil	AC%sT	1988 Sep 12
			-5:00	-	ACT	1993 Sep 28
			-5:00	Brazil	AC%sT	1994 Sep 22
			-5:00	-	ACT
#
# Acre (AC)
Zone America/Rio_Branco	-4:31:12 -	LMT	1914
			-5:00	Brazil	AC%sT	1988 Sep 12
			-5:00	-	ACT


# Chile

# From Eduardo Krell (1995-10-19):
# The law says to switch to DST at midnight [24:00] on the second SATURDAY
# of October....  The law is the same for March and October.
# (1998-09-29):
# Because of the drought this year, the government decided to go into
# DST earlier (saturday 9/26 at 24:00). This is a one-time change only ...
# (unless there's another dry season next year, I guess).

# From Julio I. Pacheco Troncoso (1999-03-18):
# Because of the same drought, the government decided to end DST later,
# on April 3, (one-time change).

# From Gwillim Law (2001-05-04):
# I came across another article in "La Tercera" about Chilean DST.
# <http://www.tercera.cl/diario/2000/10/13/t-extras.html>
# It clearly confirms my earlier suggestion, that DST begins at 22:00
# on Easter Island....  But it also seems to be saying that the
# observance of DST in Chile began in 1966, rather than 1969 as
# ... [Shanks] has it....
#
# My translation:
#
# "The Chilean Army has announced that summer time will begin tomorrow,
# Saturday, October 14 in continental Chile, insular Chile, and
# Antarctica, as provided by Supreme Decree 25 of January 11, 1966.
# By the preceding, official time in continental Chile and Chilean
# Antarctic, and official time in Western Insular Chile, which applies
# to Easter Island and Sala y Gomez Island, will be set forward at
# midnight and at 22:00, respectively, by 20 minutes."

# From Paul Eggert (2001-05-04):
# Go with this article in preference to Shanks's 1969 date for modern DST.
# Assume this rule has been used since DST was introduced in the islands.

# From Paul Eggert (2002-10-24):
# <http://www.shoa.cl/shoa/faqhoraoficial.htm> gives many details that
# disagree with the following table, but we haven't had time to compare them.

# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
Rule	Chile	1918	only	-	Sep	 1	0:00	1:00	S
Rule	Chile	1919	only	-	Jul	 2	0:00	0	-
Rule	Chile	1927	1931	-	Sep	 1	0:00	1:00	S
Rule	Chile	1928	1932	-	Apr	 1	0:00	0	-
Rule	Chile	1966	1997	-	Oct	Sun>=9	4:00u	1:00	S
Rule	Chile	1967	1998	-	Mar	Sun>=9	3:00u	0	-
Rule	Chile	1998	only	-	Sep	27	4:00u	1:00	S
Rule	Chile	1999	only	-	Apr	 4	3:00u	0	-
Rule	Chile	1999	max	-	Oct	Sun>=9	4:00u	1:00	S
Rule	Chile	2000	max	-	Mar	Sun>=9	3:00u	0	-
# IATA SSIM anomalies: (1990-09) says 1990-09-16; (1992-02) says 1992-03-14;
# (1996-09) says 1998-03-08.  Ignore these.
# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
Zone America/Santiago	-4:42:40 -	LMT	1890
			-4:42:40 -	SMT	1910	    # Santiago Mean Time
			-5:00	Chile	CL%sT	1932 Sep    # Chile Time
			-4:00	Chile	CL%sT
Zone Pacific/Easter	-7:17:28 -	LMT	1890	    # Mataveri
			-7:17:28 -	MMT	1932 Sep    # Mataveri Mean Time
			-7:00	Chile	EAS%sT	1982 Mar 14 # Easter I Time
			-6:00	Chile	EAS%sT
#
# Sala y Gomez Island is like Pacific/Easter.
# Other Chilean locations, including Juan Fernandez Is, San Ambrosio,
# San Felix, and Antarctic bases, are like America/Santiago.

# Colombia
# Shanks specifies 24:00 for 1992 transition times; go with IATA,
# as it seems implausible to change clocks at midnight New Year's Eve.
# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
Rule	CO	1992	only	-	May	 2	0:00	1:00	S
Rule	CO	1992	only	-	Dec	31	0:00	0	-
# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
Zone	America/Bogota	-4:56:20 -	LMT	1884 Mar 13
			-4:56:20 -	BMT	1914 Nov 23 # Bogota Mean Time
			-5:00	CO	CO%sT	# Colombia Time
# Malpelo, Providencia, San Andres
# no information; probably like America/Bogota

# Curacao
# Shanks says that Bottom and Oranjestad have been at -4:00 since
# standard time was introduced on 1912-03-02; and that Kralendijk and Rincon
# used Kralendijk Mean Time (-4:33:08) from 1912-02-02 to 1965-01-01.
# This all predates our 1970 cutoff, though.
# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
Zone	America/Curacao	-4:35:44 -	LMT	1912 Feb 12	# Willemstad
			-4:30	-	ANT	1965 # Netherlands Antilles Time
			-4:00	-	AST

# Ecuador
# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
Zone America/Guayaquil	-5:19:20 -	LMT	1890
			-5:14:00 -	QMT	1931 # Quito Mean Time
			-5:00	-	ECT	     # Ecuador Time
Zone Pacific/Galapagos	-5:58:24 -	LMT	1931 # Puerto Baquerizo Moreno
			-5:00	-	ECT	1986
			-6:00	-	GALT	     # Galapagos Time

# Falklands

# From Paul Eggert (2001-03-05):
# Between 1990 and 2000 inclusive, Shanks and the IATA agree except
# the IATA gives 1996-09-08.  Go with Shanks.

# From Falkland Islands Government Office, London (2001-01-22)
# via Jesper Norgaard:
# ... the clocks revert back to Local Mean Time at 2 am on Sunday 15
# April 2001 and advance one hour to summer time at 2 am on Sunday 2
# September.  It is anticipated that the clocks will revert back at 2
# am on Sunday 21 April 2002 and advance to summer time at 2 am on
# Sunday 1 September.

# From Rives McDow (2001-02-13):
#
# I have communicated several times with people there, and the last
# time I had communications that was helpful was in 1998.  Here is
# what was said then:
#
# "The general rule was that Stanley used daylight saving and the Camp
# did not. However for various reasons many people in the Camp have
# started to use daylight saving (known locally as 'Stanley Time')
# There is no rule as to who uses daylight saving - it is a matter of
# personal choice and so it is impossible to draw a map showing who
# uses it and who does not. Any list would be out of date as soon as
# it was produced. This year daylight saving ended on April 18/19th
# and started again on September 12/13th.  I do not know what the rule
# is, but can find out if you like.  We do not change at the same time
# as UK or Chile."
#
# I did have in my notes that the rule was "Second Saturday in Sep at
# 0:00 until third Saturday in Apr at 0:00".  I think that this does
# not agree in some cases with Shanks; is this true?
#
# Also, there is no mention in the list that some areas in the
# Falklands do not use DST.  I have found in my communications there
# that these areas are on the western half of East Falkland and all of
# West Falkland.  Stanley is the only place that consistently observes
# DST.  Again, as in other places in the world, the farmers don't like
# it.  West Falkland is almost entirely sheep farmers.
#
# I know one lady there that keeps a list of which farm keeps DST and
# which doesn't each year.  She runs a shop in Stanley, and says that
# the list changes each year.  She uses it to communicate to her
# customers, catching them when they are home for lunch or dinner.

# From Paul Eggert (2001-03-05):
# For now, we'll just record the time in Stanley, since we have no
# better info.

# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
Rule	Falk	1937	1938	-	Sep	lastSun	0:00	1:00	S
Rule	Falk	1938	1942	-	Mar	Sun>=19	0:00	0	-
Rule	Falk	1939	only	-	Oct	1	0:00	1:00	S
Rule	Falk	1940	1942	-	Sep	lastSun	0:00	1:00	S
Rule	Falk	1943	only	-	Jan	1	0:00	0	-
Rule	Falk	1983	only	-	Sep	lastSun	0:00	1:00	S
Rule	Falk	1984	1985	-	Apr	lastSun	0:00	0	-
Rule	Falk	1984	only	-	Sep	16	0:00	1:00	S
Rule	Falk	1985	2000	-	Sep	Sun>=9	0:00	1:00	S
Rule	Falk	1986	2000	-	Apr	Sun>=16	0:00	0	-
Rule	Falk	2001	max	-	Apr	Sun>=15	2:00	0	-
Rule	Falk	2001	max	-	Sep	Sun>=1	2:00	1:00	S
# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
Zone Atlantic/Stanley	-3:51:24 -	LMT	1890
			-3:51:24 -	SMT	1912 Mar 12  # Stanley Mean Time
			-4:00	Falk	FK%sT	1983 May     # Falkland Is Time
			-3:00	Falk	FK%sT	1985 Sep 15
			-4:00	Falk	FK%sT

# French Guiana
# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
Zone America/Cayenne	-3:29:20 -	LMT	1911 Jul
			-4:00	-	GFT	1967 Oct # French Guiana Time
			-3:00	-	GFT

# Guyana
# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
Zone	America/Guyana	-3:52:40 -	LMT	1915 Mar	# Georgetown
			-3:45	-	GBGT	1966 May 26 # Br Guiana Time
			-3:45	-	GYT	1975 Jul 31 # Guyana Time
			-3:00	-	GYT	1991
# IATA SSIM (1996-06) says -4:00.  Assume a 1991 switch.
			-4:00	-	GYT

# Paraguay
# From Paul Eggert (1999-10-29):
# Shanks (1999) says that spring transitions are from 01:00 -> 02:00,
# and autumn transitions are from 00:00 -> 23:00.  Go with earlier
# editions of Shanks, and with the IATA, who say transitions occur at 00:00.
# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
Rule	Para	1975	1988	-	Oct	 1	0:00	1:00	S
Rule	Para	1975	1978	-	Mar	 1	0:00	0	-
Rule	Para	1979	1991	-	Apr	 1	0:00	0	-
Rule	Para	1989	only	-	Oct	22	0:00	1:00	S
Rule	Para	1990	only	-	Oct	 1	0:00	1:00	S
Rule	Para	1991	only	-	Oct	 6	0:00	1:00	S
Rule	Para	1992	only	-	Mar	 1	0:00	0	-
Rule	Para	1992	only	-	Oct	 5	0:00	1:00	S
Rule	Para	1993	only	-	Mar	31	0:00	0	-
Rule	Para	1993	1995	-	Oct	 1	0:00	1:00	S
Rule	Para	1994	1995	-	Feb	lastSun	0:00	0	-
Rule	Para	1996	only	-	Mar	 1	0:00	0	-
# IATA SSIM (2000-02) says 1999-10-10; ignore this for now.
# From Steffen Thorsen (2000-10-02):
# I have three independent reports that Paraguay changed to DST this Sunday
# (10-01).
#
# Translated by Gwillim Law (2001-02-27) from
# <a href="http://www.diarionoticias.com.py/011000/nacional/naciona1.htm">
# Noticias, a daily paper in Asuncion, Paraguay (2000-10-01)
# </a>:
# Starting at 0:00 today, the clock will be set forward 60 minutes, in
# fulfillment of Decree No. 7,273 of the Executive Power....  The time change
# system has been operating for several years.  Formerly there was a separate
# decree each year; the new law has the same effect, but permanently.  Every
# year, the time will change on the first Sunday of October; likewise, the
# clock will be set back on the first Sunday of March.
#
# From Jesper Norgaard (2001-03-06) [an official URL saying similar things]:
# http://gateway.abc.com.py:8000/pub/pag04.mbr/artic?FHA=2001-03-03-02.24.52.900592
#
Rule	Para	1996	2001	-	Oct	Sun>=1	0:00	1:00	S
# IATA SSIM (1997-09) says Mar 1; go with Shanks.
Rule	Para	1997	only	-	Feb	lastSun	0:00	0	-
# Shanks says 1999-02-28; IATA SSIM (1999-02) says 1999-02-27, but
# (1999-09) reports no date; go with above sources and Gerd Knops (2001-02-27).
Rule	Para	1998	2001	-	Mar	Sun>=1	0:00	0	-
# From Rives McDow (2002-02-28):
# A decree was issued in Paraguay (no. 16350) on 2002-02-26 that changed the
# dst method to be from the first Sunday in September to the first Sunday in
# April.
Rule	Para	2002	2004	-	Apr	Sun>=1	0:00	0	-
Rule	Para	2002	2003	-	Sep	Sun>=1	0:00	1:00	S
#
# From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2005-01-02):
# There are several sources that claim that Paraguay made
# a timezone rule change in autumn 2004.
# From Steffen Thorsen (2005-01-05):
# Decree 1,867 (2004-03-05) <http://www.labor.com.py/noticias.asp?id=27>
Rule	Para	2004	max	-	Oct	Sun>=15	0:00	1:00	S
Rule	Para	2005	max	-	Mar	Sun>=8	0:00	0	-

# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
Zone America/Asuncion	-3:50:40 -	LMT	1890
			-3:50:40 -	AMT	1931 Oct 10 # Asuncion Mean Time
			-4:00	-	PYT	1972 Oct # Paraguay Time
			-3:00	-	PYT	1974 Apr
			-4:00	Para	PY%sT

# Peru
#
# <a href="news:xrGmb.39935$gA1.13896113@news4.srv.hcvlny.cv.net">
# From Evelyn C. Leeper via Mark Brader (2003-10-26):</a>
# When we were in Peru in 1985-1986, they apparently switched over
# sometime between December 29 and January 3 while we were on the Amazon.
#
# From Paul Eggert (2003-11-02):
# Shanks doesn't have this transition.  Assume 1986 was like 1987.

# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
Rule	Peru	1938	only	-	Jan	 1	0:00	1:00	S
Rule	Peru	1938	only	-	Apr	 1	0:00	0	-
Rule	Peru	1938	1939	-	Sep	lastSun	0:00	1:00	S
Rule	Peru	1939	1940	-	Mar	Sun>=24	0:00	0	-
Rule	Peru	1986	1987	-	Jan	 1	0:00	1:00	S
Rule	Peru	1986	1987	-	Apr	 1	0:00	0	-
Rule	Peru	1990	only	-	Jan	 1	0:00	1:00	S
Rule	Peru	1990	only	-	Apr	 1	0:00	0	-
# IATA is ambiguous for 1993/1995; go with Shanks.
Rule	Peru	1994	only	-	Jan	 1	0:00	1:00	S
Rule	Peru	1994	only	-	Apr	 1	0:00	0	-
# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
Zone	America/Lima	-5:08:12 -	LMT	1890
			-5:08:36 -	LMT	1908 Jul 28 # Lima Mean Time?
			-5:00	Peru	PE%sT	# Peru Time

# South Georgia
# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
Zone Atlantic/South_Georgia -2:26:08 -	LMT	1890		# Grytviken
			-2:00	-	GST	# South Georgia Time

# South Sandwich Is
# uninhabited; scientific personnel have wintered

# Suriname
# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
Zone America/Paramaribo	-3:40:40 -	LMT	1911
			-3:40:52 -	PMT	1935     # Paramaribo Mean Time
			-3:40:36 -	PMT	1945 Oct # The capital moved?
			-3:30	-	NEGT	1975 Nov 20 # Dutch Guiana Time
			-3:30	-	SRT	1984 Oct # Suriname Time
			-3:00	-	SRT

# Trinidad and Tobago
# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
Zone America/Port_of_Spain -4:06:04 -	LMT	1912 Mar 2
			-4:00	-	AST

# Uruguay
# From Paul Eggert (1993-11-18):
# Uruguay wins the prize for the strangest peacetime manipulation of the rules.
# From Shanks:
# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
# Whitman gives 1923 Oct 1; go with Shanks.
Rule	Uruguay	1923	only	-	Oct	 2	 0:00	0:30	HS
Rule	Uruguay	1924	1926	-	Apr	 1	 0:00	0	-
Rule	Uruguay	1924	1925	-	Oct	 1	 0:00	0:30	HS
Rule	Uruguay	1933	1935	-	Oct	lastSun	 0:00	0:30	HS
# Shanks gives 1935 Apr 1 0:00 and 1936 Mar 30 0:00; go with Whitman.
Rule	Uruguay	1934	1936	-	Mar	Sat>=25	23:30s	0	-
Rule	Uruguay	1936	only	-	Nov	 1	 0:00	0:30	HS
Rule	Uruguay	1937	1941	-	Mar	lastSun	 0:00	0	-
# Whitman gives 1937 Oct 3; go with Shanks.
Rule	Uruguay	1937	1940	-	Oct	lastSun	 0:00	0:30	HS
# Whitman gives 1941 Oct 24 - 1942 Mar 27, 1942 Dec 14 - 1943 Apr 13,
# and 1943 Apr 13 ``to present time''; go with Shanks.
Rule	Uruguay	1941	only	-	Aug	 1	 0:00	0	-
Rule	Uruguay	1942	only	-	Jan	 1	 0:00	0:30	HS
Rule	Uruguay	1942	only	-	Dec	14	 0:00	1:00	S
Rule	Uruguay	1943	only	-	Mar	14	 0:00	0	-
Rule	Uruguay	1959	only	-	May	24	 0:00	1:00	S
Rule	Uruguay	1959	only	-	Nov	15	 0:00	0	-
Rule	Uruguay	1960	only	-	Jan	17	 0:00	1:00	S
Rule	Uruguay	1960	only	-	Mar	 6	 0:00	0	-
Rule	Uruguay	1965	1967	-	Apr	Sun>=1	 0:00	1:00	S
Rule	Uruguay	1965	only	-	Sep	26	 0:00	0	-
Rule	Uruguay	1966	1967	-	Oct	31	 0:00	0	-
Rule	Uruguay	1968	1970	-	May	27	 0:00	0:30	HS
Rule	Uruguay	1968	1970	-	Dec	 2	 0:00	0	-
Rule	Uruguay	1972	only	-	Apr	24	 0:00	1:00	S
Rule	Uruguay	1972	only	-	Aug	15	 0:00	0	-
Rule	Uruguay	1974	only	-	Mar	10	 0:00	0:30	HS
Rule	Uruguay	1974	only	-	Dec	22	 0:00	1:00	S
Rule	Uruguay	1976	only	-	Oct	 1	 0:00	0	-
Rule	Uruguay	1977	only	-	Dec	 4	 0:00	1:00	S
Rule	Uruguay	1978	only	-	Apr	 1	 0:00	0	-
Rule	Uruguay	1979	only	-	Oct	 1	 0:00	1:00	S
Rule	Uruguay	1980	only	-	May	 1	 0:00	0	-
Rule	Uruguay	1987	only	-	Dec	14	 0:00	1:00	S
Rule	Uruguay	1988	only	-	Mar	14	 0:00	0	-
Rule	Uruguay	1988	only	-	Dec	11	 0:00	1:00	S
Rule	Uruguay	1989	only	-	Mar	12	 0:00	0	-
Rule	Uruguay	1989	only	-	Oct	29	 0:00	1:00	S
# Shanks says no DST was observed in 1990/1 and 1991/2,
# and that 1992/3's DST was from 10-25 to 03-01.  Go with IATA.
Rule	Uruguay	1990	1992	-	Mar	Sun>=1	 0:00	0	-
Rule	Uruguay	1990	1991	-	Oct	Sun>=21	 0:00	1:00	S
Rule	Uruguay	1992	only	-	Oct	18	 0:00	1:00	S
Rule	Uruguay	1993	only	-	Feb	28	 0:00	0	-
# From Eduardo Cota (2004-09-20):
# The uruguayan government has decreed a change in the local time....
# http://www.presidencia.gub.uy/decretos/2004091502.htm
Rule	Uruguay	2004	only	-	Sep	19	 0:00	1:00	S
# From Steffen Thorsen (2005-03-11):
# Uruguay's DST was scheduled to end on Sunday, 2005-03-13, but in order to
# save energy ... it was postponed two weeks....
# http://www.presidencia.gub.uy/_Web/noticias/2005/03/2005031005.htm
Rule	Uruguay	2005	only	-	Mar	27	 2:00	0	-
# From Eduardo Cota (2005-09-27):
# http://www.presidencia.gub.uy/_Web/decretos/2005/09/CM%20119_09%2009%202005_00001.PDF
# This means that from 2005-10-09 at 02:00 local time, until 2006-03-12 at
# 02:00 local time, official time in Uruguay will be at GMT -2.
Rule	Uruguay	2005	only	-	Oct	 9	 2:00	1:00	S
Rule	Uruguay	2006	only	-	Mar	12	 2:00	0	-
# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
Zone America/Montevideo	-3:44:44 -	LMT	1898 Jun 28
			-3:44:44 -	MMT	1920 May  1	# Montevideo MT
			-3:30	Uruguay	UY%sT	1942 Dec 14	# Uruguay Time
			-3:00	Uruguay	UY%sT

# Venezuela
# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
Zone	America/Caracas	-4:27:44 -	LMT	1890
			-4:27:40 -	CMT	1912 Feb 12 # Caracas Mean Time?
			-4:30	-	VET	1965	     # Venezuela Time
			-4:00	-	VET