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/* Startup code compliant to the ELF x86-64 ABI.
Copyright (C) 2001-2023 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
This file is part of the GNU C Library.
The GNU C Library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public
License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
version 2.1 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
In addition to the permissions in the GNU Lesser General Public
License, the Free Software Foundation gives you unlimited
permission to link the compiled version of this file with other
programs, and to distribute those programs without any restriction
coming from the use of this file. (The GNU Lesser General Public
License restrictions do apply in other respects; for example, they
cover modification of the file, and distribution when not linked
into another program.)
Note that people who make modified versions of this file are not
obligated to grant this special exception for their modified
versions; it is their choice whether to do so. The GNU Lesser
General Public License gives permission to release a modified
version without this exception; this exception also makes it
possible to release a modified version which carries forward this
exception.
The GNU C Library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
Lesser General Public License for more details.
You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
License along with the GNU C Library; if not, see
<https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>. */
/* This is the canonical entry point, usually the first thing in the text
segment. The SVR4/i386 ABI (pages 3-31, 3-32) says that when the entry
point runs, most registers' values are unspecified, except for:
%rdx Contains a function pointer to be registered with `atexit'.
This is how the dynamic linker arranges to have DT_FINI
functions called for shared libraries that have been loaded
before this code runs.
%rsp The stack contains the arguments and environment:
0(%rsp) argc
LP_SIZE(%rsp) argv[0]
...
(LP_SIZE*argc)(%rsp) NULL
(LP_SIZE*(argc+1))(%rsp) envp[0]
...
NULL
*/
#include <sysdep.h>
ENTRY (_start)
/* Clearing frame pointer is insufficient, use CFI. */
cfi_undefined (rip)
/* Clear the frame pointer. The ABI suggests this be done, to mark
the outermost frame obviously. */
xorl %ebp, %ebp
/* Extract the arguments as encoded on the stack and set up
the arguments for __libc_start_main (int (*main) (int, char **, char **),
int argc, char *argv,
void (*init) (void), void (*fini) (void),
void (*rtld_fini) (void), void *stack_end).
The arguments are passed via registers and on the stack:
main: %rdi
argc: %rsi
argv: %rdx
init: %rcx
fini: %r8
rtld_fini: %r9
stack_end: stack. */
mov %RDX_LP, %R9_LP /* Address of the shared library termination
function. */
#ifdef __ILP32__
mov (%rsp), %esi /* Simulate popping 4-byte argument count. */
add $4, %esp
#else
popq %rsi /* Pop the argument count. */
#endif
/* argv starts just at the current stack top. */
mov %RSP_LP, %RDX_LP
/* Align the stack to a 16 byte boundary to follow the ABI. */
and $~15, %RSP_LP
/* Push garbage because we push 8 more bytes. */
pushq %rax
/* Provide the highest stack address to the user code (for stacks
which grow downwards). */
pushq %rsp
/* These used to be the addresses of .fini and .init. */
xorl %r8d, %r8d
xorl %ecx, %ecx
#ifdef PIC
mov main@GOTPCREL(%rip), %RDI_LP
#else
mov $main, %RDI_LP
#endif
/* Call the user's main function, and exit with its value.
But let the libc call main. Since __libc_start_main in
libc.so is called very early, lazy binding isn't relevant
here. Use indirect branch via GOT to avoid extra branch
to PLT slot. In case of static executable, ld in binutils
2.26 or above can convert indirect branch into direct
branch. */
call *__libc_start_main@GOTPCREL(%rip)
hlt /* Crash if somehow `exit' does return. */
END (_start)
/* Define a symbol for the first piece of initialized data. */
.data
.globl __data_start
__data_start:
.long 0
.weak data_start
data_start = __data_start
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