path: root/manual/install.texi

@c This is for making the `INSTALL' file for the distribution.
@c Makeinfo ignores it when processing the file from the include.
@setfilename INSTALL

@node Installation, Maintenance, Library Summary, Top
@c %MENU% How to install the GNU C library
@appendix Installing the GNU C Library

@menu
* Tools for Installation::      We recommend using these tools to build.
* Supported Configurations::    What systems the GNU C library runs on.
* Tips for Installation::       Useful hints for the installation.
* Reporting Bugs::              How to report bugs (if you want to
                                get them fixed) and other troubles
                                you may have with the GNU C library.
@end menu

Installation of the GNU C library is relatively simple, but usually
requires several GNU tools to be installed already.
@iftex
(@pxref{Tools for Installation}, below.)
@end iftex

Before you do anything else, you should read the file @file{FAQ} found
at the top level of the source tree.  This file answers common questions
and describes problems you may experience with compilation and
installation.  It is updated more frequently than this manual.

To configure the GNU C library for your system, run the shell script
@file{configure} with @code{sh}.  You might use an argument which is the
conventional GNU name for your system configuration---for example,
@samp{i486-pc-linux-gnu}, for Linux running on i486.
@xref{Installation, Installation, Installing GNU CC, gcc.info, Using and
Porting GNU CC}, for a full description of standard GNU configuration
names.  If you omit the configuration name, @file{configure} will try to
guess one for you by inspecting the system it is running on.  It may or
may not be able to come up with a guess, and the guess might be
wrong.  @file{configure} will tell you the canonical name of the chosen
configuration before proceeding.

Here are some options that you should specify (if appropriate) when
you run @code{configure}:

@table @samp
@item --with-binutils=@var{directory}
Use the binutils (assembler and linker) in @file{@var{directory}}, not
the ones the C compiler would default to.  You could use this option if
the default binutils on your system cannot deal with all the constructs
in the GNU C library.  (@code{configure} will detect the problem and
suppress these constructs, so the library will still be usable, but
functionality may be lost---for example, you can not build a shared libc
with old binutils.)

@c extra blank line makes it look better
@item --without-fp
@itemx --nfp

Use this option if your computer lacks hardware floating-point support
and your operating system does not emulate an FPU.

@item --prefix=@var{directory}
Install machine-independent data files in subdirectories of
@file{@var{directory}}.  (You can also set this in @file{configparms};
see below.)  The default is to install in `/usr/local'.

@item --exec-prefix=@var{directory}
Install the library and other machine-dependent files in subdirectories
of @file{@var{directory}}.  (You can also set this in
@file{configparms}; see below.)  The default is to use <prefix>/bin
and <prefix>/sbin.

@item --enable-shared
@itemx --disable-shared
Enable or disable building of an ELF shared library on systems that
support it.  The default is to build the shared library on systems using
ELF when the GNU @code{binutils} are available.

@item --enable-profile
@itemx --disable-profile
Enable or disable building of the profiled C library, @samp{-lc_p}.  The
default is to build the profiled library.  You may wish to disable it if
you don't plan to do profiling, because it doubles the build time of
compiling just the unprofiled static library.

@item --enable-omitfp
Enable building a highly-optimized but possibly undebuggable C
library.  This causes the normal static and shared (if enabled) C
libraries to be compiled with maximal optimization, including the
@samp{-fomit-frame-pointer} switch that makes debugging impossible on
many machines, and without debugging information (which makes the
binaries substantially smaller).  An additional static library is
compiled with no optimization and full debugging information, and
installed as @samp{-lc_g}.

@item --enable-add-ons[=LIST]
Certain components of the C library are distributed separately from the
rest of the sources.  In particular, the @code{crypt} function and its
friends are separated due to US export control regulations, and the
threading support code for Linux is maintained separately.  You can get
these @dfn{add-on} packages from the same place you got the libc
sources.  To use them, unpack them into your source tree, and give
@code{configure} the @samp{--enable-add-ons} option.

If you do not wish to use some add-on package that you have present in
your source tree, give this option a list of the add-ons that you
@emph{do} want used, like this: @samp{--enable-add-ons=crypt,linuxthreads}

@item --with-headers=DIRECTORY
Search only DIRECTORY and the C compiler's private directory for header
files not found in the libc sources.  @file{/usr/include} will not be
searched if this option is given.  On Linux, DIRECTORY should be the
kernel's private include directory (usually
@file{/usr/src/linux/include}).

This option is primarily of use on a system where the headers in
@file{/usr/include} come from an older version of glibc.  Conflicts can
occasionally happen in this case.  Note that Linux libc5 qualifies as an
older version of glibc.  You can also use this option if you want to
compile glibc with a newer set of kernel headers than the ones found in
@file{/usr/include}.
@end table

You should not build the library in the same directory as the sources,
because there are bugs in @code{make clean}.  Make a directory for the
build, and run @code{configure} from that directory, like this:

@smallexample
mkdir linux
cd linux
../configure
@end smallexample

@noindent
@code{configure} looks for the sources in whatever directory you
specified for finding @code{configure} itself.  It does not matter where
in the file system the source and build directories are---as long as you
specify the source directory when you run @code{configure}, you will get
the proper results.

This feature lets you keep sources and binaries in different
directories, and that makes it easy to build the library for several
different machines from the same set of sources.  Simply create a
build directory for each target machine, and run @code{configure} in
that directory specifying the target machine's configuration name.

The library has a number of special-purpose configuration parameters.
These are defined in the file @file{configparms}; see the comments in
that file for the details.  To change them, copy @file{configparms} into
your build directory and modify it as appropriate for your system.
@code{configure} will not notice your modifications if you change the
file in the source directory.

It is easy to configure the GNU C library for cross-compilation by
setting a few variables in @file{configparms}.  Set @code{CC} to the
cross-compiler for the target you configured the library for; it is
important to use this same @code{CC} value when running
@code{configure}, like this: @samp{CC=@var{target}-gcc configure
@var{target}}.  Set @code{BUILD_CC} to the compiler to use for for
programs run on the build system as part of compiling the library.  You
may need to set @code{AR} and @code{RANLIB} to cross-compiling versions
of @code{ar} and @code{ranlib} if the native tools are not configured to
work with object files for the target you configured for.

Some of the machine-dependent code for some machines uses extensions in
the GNU C compiler, so you may need to compile the library with GCC.
(In fact, all of the existing complete ports require GCC.)

To build the library and related programs, type @code{make}.  This will
produce a lot of output, some of which may look like errors from
@code{make} (but isn't).  Look for error messages from @code{make}
containing @samp{***}.  Those indicate that something is really wrong.

The compilation process takes several hours even on fast hardware;
expect at least two hours for the default configuration on i586 for
Linux.  For Hurd times are much longer.  All current releases of GCC
have a problem which causes them to take several minutes to compile
certain files in the iconvdata directory.  Do not panic if the compiler
appears to hang.

To build and run some test programs which exercise some of the library
facilities, type @code{make check}.  This will produce several files
with names like @file{@var{program}.out}.

To format the @cite{GNU C Library Reference Manual} for printing, type
@w{@code{make dvi}}.  You need a working @TeX{} installation to do this.

To install the library and its header files, and the Info files of the
manual, type @code{make install}.  This will build things if necessary,
before installing them.  If you want to install the files in a different
place than the one specified at configuration time you can specify a
value for the Makefile variable @code{install_root} on the command line.
This is useful to create chroot'ed environment or to prepare binary
releases.@refill

For now (in this alpha version, and at least on RedHat Linux), if you
are trying to install this as your default libraries, a different
installation method is recommended.  Move @file{/usr/include} out of the
way, create a new @file{/usr/include} directory (don't forget the
symlinks @file{/usr/include/asm} and @file{/usr/include/linux}, that
should point to @file{/usr/src/linux/include/asm} and
@file{/usr/src/linux/include/linux} -or wherever you keep your kernel
sources-respectively), build normally and install into somewhere else
via @code{install_root}. Then move your @code{/usr/include} back, and
copy the newly created stuff by hand over the old. Remember to copy
programs and shared libraries into @file{FILENAME.new} and then move
@file{FILENAME.new} to @file{FILENAME}, as the files might be in
use. You will have to @code{ranlib} your copies of the static libraries
@file{/usr/lib/libNAME.a}. You will see that @file{libbsd-compat.a},
@file{libieee.a}, and @file{libmcheck.a} are just object files, not
archives. This is normal.  Copy the new header files over the old ones
by something like @w{@code{cd /usr; (cd INSTALL_ROOT; tar cf - include) |
tar xf -}}.

@node Tools for Installation
@appendixsec Recommended Tools to Install the GNU C Library
@cindex installation tools
@cindex tools, for installing library

We recommend installing the following GNU tools before attempting to
build the GNU C library:

@itemize @bullet
@item
GNU @code{make} 3.75

You need the latest version of GNU @code{make}.  Modifying the GNU C
Library to work with other @code{make} programs would be so hard that we
recommend you port GNU @code{make} instead.  @strong{Really.}  We
recommend version GNU @code{make} version 3.75.  Versions 3.76 and
3.76.1 are known to have bugs which only show up in big projects like
GNU @code{libc}.

@item
GCC 2.8.1/EGCS 1.0.2

On most platforms, the GNU C library can only be compiled with the GNU C
compiler family.  We recommend GCC version 2.8.1 and EGCS version 1.0.2
or later versions of these two; earlier versions may have problems.

@item
GNU @code{binutils} 2.8.1.0.23

Using the GNU @code{binutils} (assembler, linker, and related tools) is
preferable when possible, and they are required to build an ELF shared C
library.  Version 2.1 of the library uses ELF symbol versioning
extensively.  Support for this feature is incomplete or buggy before
binutils 2.8.1.0.23, so you must use at least this version.

@item
GNU @code{texinfo} 3.11

To correctly translate and install the Texinfo documentation you need
this version of the @code{texinfo} package.  Earlier versions do not
understand all the tags used in the document, and the installation
mechanisms for the info files is not present or works differently.

On some Debian Linux based systems the @code{install-info} program
supplied with the system works differently from the one we expect.  You
must therefore run @code{make install} like this:

@smallexample
make INSTALL_INFO=/path/to/GNU/install-info install
@end smallexample

@item
GNU @code{awk} 3.0

Several files used during the build are generated using features of GNU
@code{awk} that are not found in other implementations.
@c XXX: Does mawk work?
@end itemize

@noindent
If you change any of the @file{configure.in} files you will also need

@itemize @bullet
@item
GNU @code{autoconf} 2.12
@end itemize

@noindent
and if you change any of the message translation files you will need

@itemize @bullet
@item
GNU @code{gettext} 0.10 or later
@end itemize

@noindent
You may also need these packages if you upgrade your source tree using
patches, although we try to avoid this.


@node Supported Configurations
@appendixsec Supported Configurations
@cindex configurations, all supported

The GNU C Library currently supports configurations that match the
following patterns:

@smallexample
alpha-@var{anything}-linux
arm-@var{anything}-linuxaout
arm-@var{anything}-none
i@var{x}86-@var{anything}-gnu
i@var{x}86-@var{anything}-linux
m68k-@var{anything}-linux
powerpc-@var{anything}-linux
sparc-@var{anything}-linux
sparc64-@var{anything}-linux
@end smallexample

Former releases of this library (version 1.09.1 and perhaps earlier
versions) used to run on the following configurations:

@smallexample
alpha-dec-osf1
alpha-@var{anything}-linuxecoff
i@var{x}86-@var{anything}-bsd4.3
i@var{x}86-@var{anything}-isc2.2
i@var{x}86-@var{anything}-isc3.@var{n}
i@var{x}86-@var{anything}-sco3.2
i@var{x}86-@var{anything}-sco3.2v4
i@var{x}86-@var{anything}-sysv
i@var{x}86-@var{anything}-sysv4
i@var{x}86-force_cpu386-none
i@var{x}86-sequent-bsd
i960-nindy960-none
m68k-hp-bsd4.3
m68k-mvme135-none
m68k-mvme136-none
m68k-sony-newsos3
m68k-sony-newsos4
m68k-sun-sunos4.@var{n}
mips-dec-ultrix4.@var{n}
mips-sgi-irix4.@var{n}
sparc-sun-solaris2.@var{n}
sparc-sun-sunos4.@var{n}
@end smallexample

Since no one has volunteered to test and fix these configurations,
they are not supported at the moment.  They probably don't compile;
they definitely don't work anymore.  Porting the library is not hard.
If you are interested in doing a port, please contact the glibc
maintainers by sending electronic mail to @email{bug-glibc@@gnu.org}.

Each case of @samp{i@var{x}86} can be @samp{i386}, @samp{i486},
@samp{i586}, or @samp{i686}.  All of those configurations produce a
library that can run on any of these processors.  The library will be
optimized for the specified processor, but will not use instructions not
available on all of them.

While no other configurations are supported, there are handy aliases for
these few.  (These aliases work in other GNU software as well.)

@smallexample
decstation
hp320-bsd4.3 hp300bsd
i486-gnu
i586-linux
i386-sco
i386-sco3.2v4
i386-sequent-dynix
i386-svr4
news
sun3-sunos4.@var{n} sun3
sun4-solaris2.@var{n} sun4-sunos5.@var{n}
sun4-sunos4.@var{n} sun4
@end smallexample

@node Tips for Installation
@appendixsec Useful hints for the installation

There are a some more or less obvious methods one should know when
compiling GNU libc:

@itemize @bullet
@item
Better never compile in the source directory.  Create a new directory
and run the @file{configure} from there.  Everything should happen
automagically.

@item
You can use the @code{-j} option of GNU make by changing the line
specifying @code{PARALLELMAKE} in the Makefile generated during the
configuration.

It is not useful to start the @code{make} process using the @code{-j}
option since this option is not propagated down to the sub-@code{make}s.

@item
If you made some changes after a complete build and only want to check
these changes run @code{make} while specifying the list of subdirs it
has to visit.

@smallexample
make subdirs="nss elf"
@end smallexample

The above build run will only visit the subdirectories @file{nss} and
@file{elf}.  Beside this it updates the @file{libc} files itself.
@end itemize

@node Reporting Bugs
@appendixsec Reporting Bugs
@cindex reporting bugs
@cindex bugs, reporting

There are probably bugs in the GNU C library.  There are certainly
errors and omissions in this manual.  If you report them, they will get
fixed.  If you don't, no one will ever know about them and they will
remain unfixed for all eternity, if not longer.

To report a bug, first you must find it.  Hopefully, this will be the
hard part.  Once you've found a bug, make sure it's really a bug.  A
good way to do this is to see if the GNU C library behaves the same way
some other C library does.  If so, probably you are wrong and the
libraries are right (but not necessarily).  If not, one of the libraries
is probably wrong.

Once you're sure you've found a bug, try to narrow it down to the
smallest test case that reproduces the problem.  In the case of a C
library, you really only need to narrow it down to one library
function call, if possible.  This should not be too difficult.

The final step when you have a simple test case is to report the bug.
When reporting a bug, send your test case, the results you got, the
results you expected, what you think the problem might be (if you've
thought of anything), your system type, and the version of the GNU C
library which you are using.  Also include the files
@file{config.status} and @file{config.make} which are created by running
@file{configure}; they will be in whatever directory was current when
you ran @file{configure}.

If you think you have found some way in which the GNU C library does not
conform to the ISO and POSIX standards (@pxref{Standards and
Portability}), that is definitely a bug.  Report it!@refill

Send bug reports to the Internet address @email{bug-glibc@@gnu.org}
using the @code{glibcbug} script which is installed by the GNU C
library.  If you have other problems with installation or use, please
report those as well.@refill

If you are not sure how a function should behave, and this manual
doesn't tell you, that's a bug in the manual.  Report that too!  If the
function's behavior disagrees with the manual, then either the library
or the manual has a bug, so report the disagreement.  If you find any
errors or omissions in this manual, please report them to the Internet
address @email{bug-glibc-manual@@gnu.org}.  If you refer to specific
sections when reporting on the manual, please include the section names
for easier identification.