/* * ==================================================== * Copyright (C) 1993 by Sun Microsystems, Inc. All rights reserved. * * Developed at SunPro, a Sun Microsystems, Inc. business. * Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this * software is freely granted, provided that this notice * is preserved. * ==================================================== */ /* Long double expansions are Copyright (C) 2001 Stephen L. Moshier and are incorporated herein by permission of the author. The author reserves the right to distribute this material elsewhere under different copying permissions. These modifications are distributed here under the following terms: This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or (at your option) any later version. This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU Lesser General Public License for more details. You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License along with this library; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307 USA */ /* __ieee754_asin(x) * Method : * Since asin(x) = x + x^3/6 + x^5*3/40 + x^7*15/336 + ... * we approximate asin(x) on [0,0.5] by * asin(x) = x + x*x^2*R(x^2) * Between .5 and .625 the approximation is * asin(0.5625 + x) = asin(0.5625) + x rS(x) / sS(x) * For x in [0.625,1] * asin(x) = pi/2-2*asin(sqrt((1-x)/2)) * Let y = (1-x), z = y/2, s := sqrt(z), and pio2_hi+pio2_lo=pi/2; * then for x>0.98 * asin(x) = pi/2 - 2*(s+s*z*R(z)) * = pio2_hi - (2*(s+s*z*R(z)) - pio2_lo) * For x<=0.98, let pio4_hi = pio2_hi/2, then * f = hi part of s; * c = sqrt(z) - f = (z-f*f)/(s+f) ...f+c=sqrt(z) * and * asin(x) = pi/2 - 2*(s+s*z*R(z)) * = pio4_hi+(pio4-2s)-(2s*z*R(z)-pio2_lo) * = pio4_hi+(pio4-2f)-(2s*z*R(z)-(pio2_lo+2c)) * * Special cases: * if x is NaN, return x itself; * if |x|>1, return NaN with invalid signal. * */ #include "math.h" #include "math_private.h" long double sqrtl (long double); #ifdef __STDC__ static const long double #else static long double #endif one = 1.0L, huge = 1.0e+300L, pio2_hi = 1.5707963267948966192313216916397514420986L, pio2_lo = 4.3359050650618905123985220130216759843812E-35L, pio4_hi = 7.8539816339744830961566084581987569936977E-1L, /* coefficient for R(x^2) */ /* asin(x) = x + x^3 pS(x^2) / qS(x^2) 0 <= x <= 0.5 peak relative error 1.9e-35 */ pS0 = -8.358099012470680544198472400254596543711E2L, pS1 = 3.674973957689619490312782828051860366493E3L, pS2 = -6.730729094812979665807581609853656623219E3L, pS3 = 6.643843795209060298375552684423454077633E3L, pS4 = -3.817341990928606692235481812252049415993E3L, pS5 = 1.284635388402653715636722822195716476156E3L, pS6 = -2.410736125231549204856567737329112037867E2L, pS7 = 2.219191969382402856557594215833622156220E1L, pS8 = -7.249056260830627156600112195061001036533E-1L, pS9 = 1.055923570937755300061509030361395604448E-3L, qS0 = -5.014859407482408326519083440151745519205E3L, qS1 = 2.430653047950480068881028451580393430537E4L, qS2 = -4.997904737193653607449250593976069726962E4L, qS3 = 5.675712336110456923807959930107347511086E4L, qS4 = -3.881523118339661268482937768522572588022E4L, qS5 = 1.634202194895541569749717032234510811216E4L, qS6 = -4.151452662440709301601820849901296953752E3L, qS7 = 5.956050864057192019085175976175695342168E2L, qS8 = -4.175375777334867025769346564600396877176E1L, /* 1.000000000000000000000000000000000000000E0 */ /* asin(0.5625 + x) = asin(0.5625) + x rS(x) / sS(x) -0.0625 <= x <= 0.0625 peak relative error 3.3e-35 */ rS0 = -5.619049346208901520945464704848780243887E0L, rS1 = 4.460504162777731472539175700169871920352E1L, rS2 = -1.317669505315409261479577040530751477488E2L, rS3 = 1.626532582423661989632442410808596009227E2L, rS4 = -3.144806644195158614904369445440583873264E1L, rS5 = -9.806674443470740708765165604769099559553E1L, rS6 = 5.708468492052010816555762842394927806920E1L, rS7 = 1.396540499232262112248553357962639431922E1L, rS8 = -1.126243289311910363001762058295832610344E1L, rS9 = -4.956179821329901954211277873774472383512E-1L, rS10 = 3.313227657082367169241333738391762525780E-1L, sS0 = -4.645814742084009935700221277307007679325E0L, sS1 = 3.879074822457694323970438316317961918430E1L, sS2 = -1.221986588013474694623973554726201001066E2L, sS3 = 1.658821150347718105012079876756201905822E2L, sS4 = -4.804379630977558197953176474426239748977E1L, sS5 = -1.004296417397316948114344573811562952793E2L, sS6 = 7.530281592861320234941101403870010111138E1L, sS7 = 1.270735595411673647119592092304357226607E1L, sS8 = -1.815144839646376500705105967064792930282E1L, sS9 = -7.821597334910963922204235247786840828217E-2L, /* 1.000000000000000000000000000000000000000E0 */ asinr5625 = 5.9740641664535021430381036628424864397707E-1L; #ifdef __STDC__ long double __ieee754_asinl (long double x) #else double __ieee754_asinl (x) long double x; #endif { long double t, w, p, q, c, r, s; int32_t ix, sign, flag; ieee854_long_double_shape_type u; flag = 0; u.value = x; sign = u.parts32.w0; ix = sign & 0x7fffffff; u.parts32.w0 = ix; /* |x| */ if (ix >= 0x3ff00000) /* |x|>= 1 */ { if (ix == 0x3ff00000 && (u.parts32.w1 | (u.parts32.w2 & 0x7fffffff) | u.parts32.w3) == 0) /* asin(1)=+-pi/2 with inexact */ return x * pio2_hi + x * pio2_lo; return (x - x) / (x - x); /* asin(|x|>1) is NaN */ } else if (ix < 0x3fe00000) /* |x| < 0.5 */ { if (ix < 0x3c600000) /* |x| < 2**-57 */ { if (huge + x > one) return x; /* return x with inexact if x!=0 */ } else { t = x * x; /* Mark to use pS, qS later on. */ flag = 1; } } else if (ix < 0x3fe40000) /* 0.625 */ { t = u.value - 0.5625; p = ((((((((((rS10 * t + rS9) * t + rS8) * t + rS7) * t + rS6) * t + rS5) * t + rS4) * t + rS3) * t + rS2) * t + rS1) * t + rS0) * t; q = ((((((((( t + sS9) * t + sS8) * t + sS7) * t + sS6) * t + sS5) * t + sS4) * t + sS3) * t + sS2) * t + sS1) * t + sS0; t = asinr5625 + p / q; if ((sign & 0x80000000) == 0) return t; else return -t; } else { /* 1 > |x| >= 0.625 */ w = one - u.value; t = w * 0.5; } p = (((((((((pS9 * t + pS8) * t + pS7) * t + pS6) * t + pS5) * t + pS4) * t + pS3) * t + pS2) * t + pS1) * t + pS0) * t; q = (((((((( t + qS8) * t + qS7) * t + qS6) * t + qS5) * t + qS4) * t + qS3) * t + qS2) * t + qS1) * t + qS0; if (flag) /* 2^-57 < |x| < 0.5 */ { w = p / q; return x + x * w; } s = __ieee754_sqrtl (t); if (ix >= 0x3fef3333) /* |x| > 0.975 */ { w = p / q; t = pio2_hi - (2.0 * (s + s * w) - pio2_lo); } else { u.value = s; u.parts32.w3 = 0; u.parts32.w2 = 0; w = u.value; c = (t - w * w) / (s + w); r = p / q; p = 2.0 * s * r - (pio2_lo - 2.0 * c); q = pio4_hi - 2.0 * w; t = pio4_hi - (p - q); } if ((sign & 0x80000000) == 0) return t; else return -t; } strong_alias (__ieee754_asinl, __asinl_finite)