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Crossing 2GB boundaries with indirect calls and jumps can use more
branch prediction resources on Intel Golden Cove CPU (see the
"Misprediction for Branches >2GB" section in Intel 64 and IA-32
Architectures Optimization Reference Manual.) There is visible
performance improvement on workloads with many PLT calls when executable
and shared libraries are mmapped below 2GB. Add the Prefer_MAP_32BIT_EXEC
bit so that mmap will try to map executable or denywrite pages in shared
libraries with MAP_32BIT first.
NB: Prefer_MAP_32BIT_EXEC reduces bits available for address space
layout randomization (ASLR), which is always disabled for SUID programs
and can only be enabled by the tunable, glibc.cpu.prefer_map_32bit_exec,
or the environment variable, LD_PREFER_MAP_32BIT_EXEC. This works only
between shared libraries or between shared libraries and executables with
addresses below 2GB. PIEs are usually loaded at a random address above
4GB by the kernel.
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