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@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-# @(#)europe	7.67
+# @(#)europe	7.69
 
 # This data is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better,
 # go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to
@@ -162,586 +162,15 @@
 
 # Howse writes (p 157) `DBST'; let's assume this is a typo.
 
-# From Peter Ilieve <peter@aldie.co.uk> (1998-04-19):
-# The following list attempts to show the complete history of Summer Time
-# legislation in the United Kingdom, and has quite a bit to say about
-# the Isle of Man and the Channel Islands as well.
-#
-# Things that I have not personally seen are marked (???). Things that
-# I haven't seen but Joseph Myers has are marked (jsm). The problem
-# with finding old Orders (rather than Acts) is that nobody seems to
-# keep the actual documents themselves, not even the Government. They
-# get bound into annual volumes, which are published, but by the time
-# this happens the Orders are mainly spent as the years they refer
-# to have come and gone, so they don't get included in the annual
-# volumes.
-#
-# Thanks are due to my learned legal friend Lorna Montgomerie, who dug out
-# the dusty old statutes, to Melanie Allison of the Ministry of Defence,
-# who provided the wartime regulations and a snippet of Hansard explaining
-# why double summer time started on a Monday in 1945 (it was Easter),
-# and to Joseph Myers <jsm28@cam.ac.uk>, who tracked down the Orders
-# up to 1945, some of the old Acts, and the first five EC Directives.
-#
-# Some definitions:
-#
-# Great Britain: England, Scotland and Wales
-# United Kingdom: Great Britain plus Ireland (up to 1922) or Northern
-# Ireland (since 1922)
-# S.I.: Statutory Instrument, the modern name for secondary legislation
-# S.R.&O.: Statutory Rules and Orders, the older name for secondary legislation
-#
-# Unless otherwise specified, Acts and secondary legislation are assumed
-# to apply throughout the United Kingdom, but not to the Isle of Man
-# or the Channel Islands.
-#
-# Some of the Acts and Orders I found in various libraries, and I don't
-# have copies. When I looked at them I was looking for dates and not things
-# like whether they applied to the Bailiwick of Jersey. I will try to
-# check these documents again.
-#
-# ---
-#
-# - The Statutes (Definition of Time) Act, 1880 (43 & 44 Vict. c. 9)
-#
-# Defined Greenwich mean time to be the standard time in Great Britain
-# and Dublin mean time to be the standard time in Ireland, superseding
-# various forms of local mean time.
-#
-# - The Statutory Time Act, 1883 (???)
-#
-# An Act of Tynwald, the Isle of Man Parliament. It appears to have
-# defined the standard time on the Isle of Man as GMT but as I haven't
-# seen it I don't know if it used Greenwich mean time, some other definition,
-# or just said that Isle of Man time would be the same as in Great Britain.
-#
-# - The Isle of Man (War Legislation) Act, 1914 (4 & 5 Geo. 5. c. 62)
-#
-# Gives the power, by Order in Council, to extend wartime legislation
-# to the Isle of Man.
-#
-# - The Summer Time Act, 1916 (6 & 7 Geo. 5. c. 14)
-#
-# Introduced Summer Time for the first time, in Great Britain and Ireland.
-# Specified a one hour offset from GMT (DMT in Ireland), dates of
-# Sunday 21 May and Sunday 1 October and times of 02:00 (GMT/DMT).
-# Gave a power to make Orders in subsequent years, for the duration
-# of the then current war.
-#
-# - The Time (Ireland) Act, 1916 (6 & 7 Geo. 5. c. 45)
-#
-# This abolished Dublin mean time at 02:00 DMT on Sunday 1 October 1916,
-# bringing the whole of the United Kingdom onto GMT. As Ireland was behind
-# GMT/BST at 02:00 DMT on 1 Oct Great Britain had already put the clocks back.
-# Using Paul Eggert's suggestion of IST for Irish Summer Time and the figure
-# derived from Whitman for the offset of IST from GMT (00:34:39) the sequence
-# would have been:
-# Dublin        London
-# 02:34:38 IST  02:59:59 BST
-# 02:34:39 IST  02:00:00 GMT
-# 02:59:59 IST  02:25:20 GMT
-# 02:25:21 GMT  02:25:21 GMT
-# with the transition 03:00:00 IST -> 02:00:00 DMT -> 02:25:21 GMT all at once.
-#
-# - S.R.&O. 1916, No. 382
-#
-# An Order made under the Isle of Man (War Legislation) Act, 1914
-# extending the Summer Time Act, 1916 to the Isle of Man. Dated
-# 23 May 1916, two days after the start of Summer Time, but it says that
-# the Act is deemed to have taken effect in the Isle of Man at the same
-# time as it took effect in the United Kingdom.
-#
-# - S.R.&O. 1917, No. 362
-#
-# An Order made under the Summer Time Act, 1916 giving dates
-# for Summer Time in 1917 of Sunday 8 April to Monday 17 September,
-# both at 02:00 GMT. Note that Summer Time ends on a Monday.
-#
-# - S.R.&O. 1917, No. 358
-#
-# An Order made under the Summer Time (Isle of Man) Act, 1916
-# (the thing created by S.R.&O. 1916, No. 382) specifying the same
-# dates of 8 April to 17 September, at 02:00 GMT for the Isle of Man.
-#
-# - S.R.&O. 1918, No. 274
-#
-# An Order made under the Summer Time Act, 1916 giving dates
-# for Summer Time in 1918 of Sunday 24 March to Monday 30 September,
-# both at 02:00 GMT.
-#
-# - S.R.&O. 1918, No. 429
-#
-# The matching Isle of Man Order for 1918 with the same dates and times.
-#
-# - The Termination of the Present War (Definition) Act, 1918
-#   (8 & 9 Geo. 5. c. 59)
-#
-# This gave power to specify a legal end date for the war just ended,
-# which would affect things like the Summer Time Act, 1916, which applied
-# only in wartime. This date was to be close to the date of formal
-# ratification of the treaty or treaties of peace.
-#
-# - S.R.&O. 1919, No. 297
-#
-# An Order made under the Summer Time Act, 1916 giving dates
-# for Summer Time in 1919 of Sunday 30 March to Monday 29 September,
-# both at 02:00 GMT.
-#
-# - S.R.&O. 1919, No. 366
-#
-# The matching Isle of Man Order for 1919 with the same dates and times.
-#
-# - S.R.&O. 1920, No. 458
-#
-# An Order made under the Summer Time Act, 1916 giving dates
-# for Summer Time in 1920 of Sunday 28 March to Monday 27 September,
-# both at 02:00 GMT.
-#
-# - S.R.&O. 1920, No. 573
-#
-# The matching Isle of Man Order for 1920 with the same dates and times.
-#
-# - S.R.&O. 1920, No. 1844
-#
-# An Order modifying both S.R.&O. 1920, No. 458 and S.R.&O. 1920, No. 573 to
-# change the end date for Summer Time from Monday 27 September to
-# Monday 25 October (the time remaining 02:00 GMT). The 1989 Green
-# Paper (Cm 722) says this was done because of a coal strike.
-#
-# - The War Emergency Laws (Continuance) Act, 1920 (10 Geo. 5. c. 5)
-#
-# This extends the power to make Orders under the Summer Time Act, 1916
-# for a period of 12 months after the termination of the war.
-# Came into force on 31 March 1920. Although the war had been over for more
-# than 12 months by then the legal end date had not yet been set.
-#
-# - S.R.&O. 1921, No. 363
-#
-# An Order made under the Summer Time Act, 1916 and the War
-# Emergency Laws (Continuance) Act, 1920 giving dates for Summer Time
-# in 1921 of Sunday 3 April to Monday 3 October, both at 02:00 GMT.
-#
-# - S.R.&O. 1921, No. 364
-#
-# The matching Isle of Man Order for 1921 with the same dates and times.
-#
-# - S.R.&O. 1922, No. 264
-#
-# An Order made under the Summer Time Act, 1916 and the War
-# Emergency Laws (Continuance) Act, 1920 giving dates for Summer Time
-# in 1921 of Sunday 26 March to Sunday 8 October, both at 02:00 GMT.
-# It also mentions the arrangements for defining the legal end date
-# for the late war. An Order was made on 10 August 1921, under the
-# Termination of the Present War (Definition) Act, 1918, setting
-# a date of 31 August 1921. This means the powers of the Summer Time
-# Act, 1916 would finally expire on 31 August 1922.
-#
-# - S.R.&O. 1922, No. 290 (???)
-#
-# This is probably the matching Isle of Man Order.
-#
-# - The Summer Time Act, 1922 (12 & 13 Geo. 5. c. 22)
-#
-# This specifies an offset of 1 hour and dates of the day after the third
-# Saturday in April, unless that be Easter, in which case it is the day after
-# the second Saturday, and the day after the third Saturday in September.
-# The time is 02:00 GMT. It applied in 1922 and 1923, and longer if Parliament
-# so approved. It applied to the Isle of Man and the Channel Islands as well.
-# Came into Force on 20 July 1920. Note the reversion to ending on a Sunday.
-#
-# - S.R.&O. 1922, No. 1205
-#
-# An Order made under the War Emergency Laws (Continuance) Act, 1920
-# dated 13 October 1922. It revokes (among other things) the Order extending
-# the Summer Time Act, 1916 to the Isle of Man.
-#
-# - The Expiring Laws Continuance Act, 1923 (13 & 14 Geo. 5. c. 37)
-#
-# This extended the Summer Time Act, 1922 (among other things) until
-# 31 December 1924.
-#
-# - The Expiring Laws Continuance Act, 1924 (15 Geo. 5. c. 1) (jsm)
-#
-# This further extended the Summer Time Act, 1922 (among other things) until
-# 31 December 1925.
-#
-# - The Time Act (Northern Ireland), 1924 (14 & 15 Geo. 5. c. 24 (N.I.))
-#
-# This Act says that while it remains in force, any Act or Order relating
-# to the time for general purposes in Great Britain shall also apply
-# in Northern Ireland, and the Time (Ireland) Act, 1916 shall have effect
-# accordingly.
-#
-# - The Summer Time Act, 1925 (15 & 16 Geo. 5. c. 64)
-#
-# This makes the 1922 Act permanent, with a change to the end date to the
-# day after the first Saturday in October. Came into force on 7 August 1925.
-#
-# - The Emergency Powers (Defence) Act, 1939 (2 & 3 Geo. 6. c. 62) (???)
-#
-# I haven't seen this one. It presumably gave the Government powers to
-# do all manner of things during the newly started war.
-#
-# - The Defence (Summer Time) Regulations, 1939, S.R.&O. 1939, No. 1379
-#
-# These were made under the Emergency Powers (Defence) Act, 1939.
-# They change the end date to be the day after the third Saturday in November.
-#
-# - S.R.&O. 1940, No. 172
-#
-# An Order in Council amending the Defence (Summer Time) Regulations, 1939.
-# It changed the start date to the day after the fourth Saturday in February
-# (ie. 25 Feb 1940).
-#
-# - S.R.&O. 1940, No. 1883
-#
-# Another Order amending the Defence (Summer Time) Regulations, 1939.
-# This continues summer time throughout the year after it starts in 1940.
-#
-# - S.R.&O. 1941, No. 476
-#
-# Another Order amending the Defence (Summer Time) Regulations, 1939.
-# This introduces double summer time, starting at 01:00 GMT on the day after
-# the first Saturday in May and ending at 01:00 GMT on the day after the
-# second Saturday in August, offset another hour from normal summer time,
-# which continues throughout the rest of the year.
-#
-# - S.R.&O. 1942, No. 506
-#
-# Another Order amending the Defence (Summer Time) Regulations, 1939.
-# This changes the start date of Double Summer Time to the day after the first
-# Saturday in April, bringing it forward from May.
-#
-# - S.R.&O. 1944, No. 932
-#
-# Another Order amending the Defence (Summer Time) Regulations, 1939.
-# This changed the end date of Double Summer Time to the day after the
-# third Saturday in September (ie. 17 September 1944).
-#
-# - S.R.&O. 1945, No. 312
-#
-# Another Order amending the Defence (Summer Time) Regulations, 1939.
-# This changes the start and end dates of Double Summer Time to the
-# day after the first Sunday in April and the day after the second Saturday
-# in July (ie. Mon 2 April to Sun 15 July).
-#
-# I have this quote from Hansard (the official record of the United Kingdom
-# Parliament), Oral Answers, 1 March 1945, cols 1559--60, explaining the
-# unusual start on a Monday:
-#
-#  `58. Major Sir Goronwy Owen asked the Secretary of State for the Home
-#   Department if he is now able to state the Government's proposals
-#   regarding double summer time.
-#
-#   [two other similar questions omitted]
-#
-#   Mr. H. Morrison: The Government, in reviewing the matter, have
-#   considered, [...] the conclusion has been reached that the adoption of
-#   double summer time from the beginning of April is essential to the
-#   maintenance of the war effort. [...] As 1st April is Easter Sunday,
-#   when very early services are held in many churches, it is proposed that
-#   double summer time shall start not in the night preceding Easter
-#   Sunday, but in the night of Sunday-Monday so that it will operate from
-#   Monday, 2nd April.'
-#
-# - S.R.&O. 1945, No. 1208
-#
-# An Order under the Emergency Powers (Defence) Acts, 1939 and 1940 revoking
-# a long list of things, including the Defence (Summer Time) Regulations, 1939.
-# This meant that Summer Time reverted to being set by the 1922 and 1925 Acts.
-# It was made on 28 September, early enough to end Summer Time on the
-# date defined by the 1925 Act: 7 October.
-#
-# - The Summer Time Act, 1947 (10 & 11 Geo. 6. c. 16)
-#
-# Came into force on 11 March 1947. Amended the Summer Time Acts, 1922 and
-# 1925 to change the dates of Summer Time and to introduce Double Summer Time
-# (although it doesn't give this, or any, name for this period of 2 hour
-# offset from GMT). Dates are given for 1947 only and are: 02:00 GMT Sunday
-# 16 March, 01:00 GMT Sunday 13 April, 01:00 GMT Sunday 10 August, and 02:00
-# Sunday 2 November. It gave a power to make Orders for subsequent years,
-# both to vary the dates and to continue Double Summer Time. It applied
-# to the Isle of Man and the Channel Islands.
-#
-# - Summer Time Order, 1948 (S.I. 1948/495)
-#
-# An Order made under the Summer Time Act, 1947. Gave dates for 1948 of
-# 14 March and 31 October, both at 02:00 GMT.
-#
-# Although the 1947 Act had legislated for Double Summer Time, this was
-# not continued after 1947.
-#
-# - Summer Time Order, 1949 (S.I. 1949/373)
-#
-# Another Order made under the Summer Time Act, 1947. Gave dates for 1949
-# of 3 April and 30 October, both at 02:00 GMT.
-#
-# - Summer Time Order, 1950 (S.I. 1950/518)
-#
-# Another Order made under the Summer Time Act, 1947. Gave dates for 1950
-# of 16 April and 22 October, both at 02:00 GMT.
-#
-# - Summer Time Order, 1951 (S.I. 1951/430)
-#
-# Another Order made under the Summer Time Act, 1947. Gave dates for 1951
-# of 15 April and 21 October, both at 02:00 GMT.
-#
-# - Summer Time Order, 1952 (S.I. 1952/451)
-#
-# Another Order made under the Summer Time Act, 1947. Gave dates for 1952
-# of 20 April and 26 October, both at 02:00 GMT.
-#
-# This is the last of this run of Orders, so for 1953 things reverted
-# to the 1922 and 1925 Acts.
-#
-# - The Interpretation Act (Northern Ireland), 1954 (1954 c. 33 (N.I.)) (???)
-#
-# I presume that section 39 of this Act is similar to section 9 of the
-# Interpretation Act, 1978 (listed below) in specifying GMT as the
-# legal time in Northern Ireland, replacing the Time (Ireland) Act, 1916.
-#
-# - Summer Time Order, 1961 (S.I. 1961/71)
-#
-# Specified dates of 26 March and 29 October (02:00 GMT) for 1961
-#
-# - Summer Time (1962) Order, 1961 (S.I. 1961/2465)
-#
-# Specified dates of 25 March to 28 October (02:00 GMT) for 1962.
-#
-# - Summer Time Order, 1963 (S.I. 1963/81)
-#
-# Specified dates of 31 March to 27 October (02:00 GMT) for 1963.
-#
-# - Summer Time (1964) Order, 1963 (S.I. 1963/2101)
-#
-# Specified dates of 22 March to 25 October (02:00 GMT) for 1964.
-#
-# - Summer Time Order, 1964 (S.I. 1964/1201)
-#
-# Specified dates for three years (all 02:00 GMT):
-#   1965: 21 March to 24 October
-#   1966: 20 March to 23 October
-#   1967: 19 March to 29 October
-#
-# - Summer Time Order, 1967 (S.I. 1967/1148)
-# - Summer Time Order, 1968 (S.I. 1968/117)
-#
-# The first of these specifies dates for 1968 of 18 February for the United
-# Kingdom but 7 April for the Isle of Man, both ending on 27 October,
-# all at 02:00 GMT. The second Order changes the Isle of Man start date
-# to 18 February to match the United Kingdom.
-#
-# - The British Standard Time Act 1968 (1968 c. 45)
-#
-# This came into force on 27 October 1968 and continued summer time throughout
-# the year. It expired at 02:00 GMT on 31 October 1971, as specified in the
-# Act, as Parliament did not move to make this experment permanent.
-# It applied to the Isle of Man and the Channel Islands.
-#
-# Interestingly, it says baldly `This Act shall come into force on
-# 27 October 1968', without giving a time. As S1 of the Act merely
-# stated that `The time for general purposes in the United Kingdom
-# (to be known as British standard time) shall be one hour in
-# advance of Greenwich mean time throughout the year; ...' you could
-# possibly argue that the start time of BStandardT was 00:00 1968-10-27,
-# especially as the Act repealed the Summer Time Acts 1916--1947 in toto,
-# thereby destroying the authority of the Summer Time Order specifying
-# summer time in 1968.
-#
-# - The Manx Time Act 1968
-#
-# This is an Act of Tynwald (the Isle of Man Parliament) that said that
-# henceforth Manx time would be the same as the time in Great Britain.
-#
-# - The Summer Time Act 1972 (1972 c. 6)
-#
-# This specified a reversion to normal Summer Time behaviour with a start
-# date of the day after the third Saturday in March, unless that is Easter,
-# when it is the day after the second Saturday, and an end date of the day
-# after the fourth Saturday in October. Times are at 02:00 GMT, offset is
-# 1 hour. It gives the power to make Orders to vary these dates and
-# times. This Act is still in force and is the legal authority for
-# implementing the EC Directives in the United Kingdom.
-#
-# - The Interpretation Act 1978 (1978 c. 30)
-#
-# Section 9 of this Act replaces section 1 of the Statutes (Definition of
-# Time) Act, 1880 with very similar wording maintaining GMT as the legal
-# time in Great Britain. This does not apply in Northern Ireland (it
-# has its own Interpretation Act listed above).
-#
-# - Council Directive of 22 July 1980 on summertime arrangements (80/737/EEC)
-#
-# The first of the European Directives on Summer Time. It specified start
-# dates for 1981 and 1982. No agreement had been reached on end dates.
-# Only dates were given, there was no rule like `last Sunday in March'.
-# The main change for the United Kingdom was a move to a 01:00 GMT change
-# time. The dates:
-#   1981: 29 March
-#   1982: 28 March
-#
-# - Summer Time Order, 1980 (S.I. 1980/1089)
-#
-# Specified dates for 1981 and 1982, with the start dates as in the
-# EC Directive and all times 01:00 GMT:
-#   1981: 29 March to 25 October
-#   1982: 28 March to 24 October
-#
-# - Second Council Directive of 10 June 1982 on summertime arrangements
-#   (82/399/EEC)
-#
-# The next European Directive. Specified dates for three years, 1983 to 1985.
-# Agreement still hadn't been reached on a common end date, and wouldn't
-# be until 1994 with the appeareance of the seventh Directive with a common
-# date for 1996 and beyond, but this time the Directive gave two sets of
-# end dates. The start date was specified by rule: the last Sunday in March.
-# All times were 01:00 GMT. The end dates were given without rule, as:
-#   1983: 25 September or 23 October
-#   1984: 30 September or 28 october
-#   1985: 29 September or 27 October
-#
-# - Summer Time Order, 1982 (S.I. 1982/1673)
-#
-# Implemented the second EC Directive, using the October end dates.
-#   1983: 27 March to 23 October
-#   1984: 25 March to 28 october
-#   1985: 31 March to 27 October
-#
-# - Third Council Directive of 12 December 1984 on summertime arrangements
-#   (84/634/EEC)
-#
-# Specified start dates of the last Sunday in March and two sets of end
-# dates, last Sunday in September and fourth Sunday in October, all at
-# 01:00 GMT. The end dates were also specified as dates:
-#   1986: 28 September or 26 October
-#   1987: 27 September or 25 October
-#   1988: 25 September or 23 October
-#
-# - Summer Time Order, 1986 (S.I. 1986/223)
-#
-# Implemented the third EC Directive, using the October end dates.
-#   1986: 30 March to 26 October
-#   1987: 29 March to 25 October
-#   1988: 27 March to 23 October
-#
-# - Council Directive of 20 December 1985 amending Directive 84/634/EEC
-#   on summertime arrangements (85/582/EEC)
-#
-# This was to do with the accession of Spain and Portugal to the EEC.
-# The previous directve had used wording like `Member States belonging
-# to the zero (Greenwich) time zone' when refering to the different
-# sets of end dates. Portugal was in that time zone but was not going
-# to follow the United Kingdom and Ireland dates, so the text was reworded
-# without any change to the dates themselves.
-#
-# - Fourth Council Directive of 22 December 1987 on summertime arrangements
-#   (88/14/EEC)
-#
-# This Directive covered only a single year: 1989. My guess is that
-# this was because 1989 was one of the years when the historic United Kingdom
-# end date of the Sunday after the fourth Saturday in October differed from
-# the rule in the previous Directive of the fourth Sunday in October.
-# All times are 01:00 GMT. No rule was specified, specific dates were given:
-#   1989: 26 March to 24 September or 29 October
-#
-# - Summer Time Order, 1988 (S.I. 1988/931)
-#
-# Implemented the dates of 26 March to 29 October for 1989.
-#
-# - Fifth Council Directive of 21 December 1988 on summertime arrangements
-#   (89/47/EEC)
-#
-# Covered the three years 1990 to 1992. All times are 01:00 GMT. Gave both
-# rules (last Sunday in March, last Sunday in September or fourth Sunday
-# in October) and specific dates:
-#   1990: 25 March to 30 September or 28 October
-#   1991: 31 March to 29 September or 27 October
-#   1992: 29 March to 27 September or 25 October
-#
-# - Summer Time Order, 1989 (S.I. 1989/985)
-#
-# Implemented the fifth Directive using the October end dates.
-#
-# - Sixth Council Directive 92/20/EEC of 26 March 1992 on summertime
-#   arrangements
-#
-# Covered the two years 1993 and 1994. All times are 01:00 GMT. Specified
-# both rules (same as the fifth Directive) and specific dates:
-#   1993: 28 March to 26 September or 24 October
-#   1994: 27 March to 25 September or 23 October
-#
-# - Summer Time Order, 1992 (S.I. 1992/1729)
-#
-# Implemented the sixth Directive using the October end dates.
-#
-# - Seventh Directive 94/21/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council
-#   of 30 May 1994 on summer-time arrangements
-#
-# Covered the three years 1995 to 1997. Agreement had finally been reached
-# on a common end date, to start in 1996. Both rules and dates were given.
-# The rules were the same last Sunday in March to last Sunday in September
-# or fourth Sunday in October for 1995, with the end rule changing to the
-# last Sunday in October for 1996 and 1997. The year 1995 was another of
-# the tricky ones where the EC and traditional United Kingdom rules differed
-# but this time the UK changed on the fourth Sunday, 22 October, earlier
-# than usual. All times are 01:00 GMT. Specific dates were also given:
-#   1995: 26 March to 24 September or 22 October
-#   1996: 31 March to 27 October
-#   1997: 30 March to 26 October
-#
-# - Summer Time Order 1994 (S.I. 1994/2798)
-#
-# Implements the seventh Directive using the October end date in 1995.
-# Applies also to the Bailiwick of Guernsey but not to the Bailiwick of
-# Jersey or the Isle of Man, which have their own (unspecified) legislation
-# on the subject.
-#
-# - Eighth Directive 97/44/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council
-#   of 22 July 1997 on summer-time arrangements
-#
-# Covers four years: 1998 to 2001. All times are 01:00 GMT. Specifies both
-# rules, last Sunday in March and last Sunday in October, and specific dates:
-#   1998: 29 March to 25 October
-#   1999: 28 March to 31 October
-#   2000: 26 March to 29 October
-#   2001: 25 March to 28 October
-#
-# <a href="http://www.hmso.gov.uk/si/si1997/97298201.htm">
-# - Summer Time Order 1997 (S.I. 1997/2982)
-# </a>
-#
-# Implements the eighth Directive. Has the same text about the Isle of Man,
-# Guernsey and Jersey as the 1994 Order.
+# Peter Ilieve <peter@aldie.co.uk> (1998-04-19) described at length
+# the history of summer time legislation in the United Kingdom.
+# Since 1998 Joseph S. Myers <jsm28@cam.ac.uk> has been updating
+# and extending this list, which can be found in
+# <a href="http://student.cusu.cam.ac.uk/~jsm28/british-time/">
+# History of legal time in Britain
+# </a> (2000-02-12).
 
-# From Joseph S. Myers (1999-09-02):
-# I today found the 1916 summer time orders for the Channel Islands in
-# the Public Record Office (HO 45/10811/312364)....  Alderney,
-# Jersey and Guernsey all enacted summer time for 1916 (and the
-# enactment for the Isle of Man is already noted).  This doesn't
-# complete the resolution of timekeeping in the Channel Islands, since
-# 1917-1921 need to be resolved for the Channel Islands, and it isn't
-# clear whether the islands were using GMT or local time then.  The
-# changes in Alderney and Guernsey were at the same 2am GMT time as
-# for Great Britain; the order for Jersey is more interesting.
-#
-# From Paul Eggert (1999-10-22):
-# Mark Brader kindly translated the 1916 Jersey order from the French.
-# It says that the 1916 transitions were 05-20 and 09-30 at midnight.
-# No doubt this was 24:00, two or three hours earlier than Great Britain.
-# It also says that after 1916 they'll sync with Great Britain.
-
-# From Joseph S. Myers (1999-09-28):
-# I have the 1918 orders for Guernsey, Alderney (both changing on same
-# dates as UK, 2am GMT) and Sark (same dates; start and end at 2am,
-# start "temps de Greenwich" (not specified as "temps moyen de
-# Greenwich" which was used in the other orders) and end in an
-# unspecified zone).  For Jersey the same file (Public Record Office: HO
-# 45/10892/357138) includes letters to the effect that in 1918 and 1919
-# the States of Jersey agreed the same start and end dates as the UK
-# (times unspecified, and it was the 1916 Jersey order that specified
-# change at midnight of an unspecified zone).
-
-# From Joseph S. Myers <jsm28@hermes.cam.ac.uk> (1998-01-06):
+# From Joseph S. Myers <jsm28@cam.ac.uk> (1998-01-06):
 #
 # The legal time in the UK outside of summer time is definitely GMT, not UTC;
 # see Lord Tanlaw's speech
@@ -749,19 +178,11 @@
 # (Lords Hansard 11 June 1997 columns 964 to 976)
 # </a>.
 
-# From Paul Eggert (1999-09-20):
+# From Paul Eggert (2000-02-17):
 #
-# The date `20 April 1924' in the table of ``Summer Time: A
-# Consultation Document'' (Cm 722, 1989) table is a transcription error;
-# 20 April was an Easter Sunday.  Shanks has 13 April, the correct date.
-# Also, the table is not quite right for 1925 through 1938; the correct rules
-# (which Shanks uses) are given in the Summer Time Acts of 1922 and 1925.
-# Shanks and the UK Government paper disagree about the Apr 1956 transition;
-# since we have no other data, and since Shanks was correct in the other
-# points of disagreement about London, we'll believe Shanks for now.
-# Also, for lack of other data, we'll follow Shanks for Eire in 1940-1948.
+# For lack of other data, we'll follow Shanks for Eire in 1940-1948.
 #
-# Given Peter Ilieve's comments, the following claims by Shanks are incorrect:
+# Given Ilieve and Myers's data, the following claims by Shanks are incorrect:
 #     * Wales did not switch from GMT to daylight saving time until
 #	1921 Apr 3, when they began to conform with the rest of Great Britain.
 # Actually, Wales was identical after 1880.
@@ -830,8 +251,8 @@ Rule	GB-Eire	1921	only	-	Apr	 3	2:00s	1:00	BST
 Rule	GB-Eire	1921	only	-	Oct	 3	2:00s	0	GMT
 # S.R.&O. 1922, No. 264
 Rule	GB-Eire	1922	only	-	Mar	26	2:00s	1:00	BST
-# The Summer Time Act, 1922
 Rule	GB-Eire	1922	only	-	Oct	 8	2:00s	0	GMT
+# The Summer Time Act, 1922
 Rule	GB-Eire	1923	only	-	Apr	Sun>=16	2:00s	1:00	BST
 Rule	GB-Eire	1923	1924	-	Sep	Sun>=16	2:00s	0	GMT
 Rule	GB-Eire	1924	only	-	Apr	Sun>=9	2:00s	1:00	BST
@@ -1326,6 +747,11 @@ Zone America/Thule	-4:35:08 -	LMT	1916 Jul 28 # Pituffik
 # for all member states until 2001.  Brussels has yet to decide what to do
 # after that. 
 
+# From Mart Oruaas (2000-01-29):
+# Regulation no. 301 (1999-10-12) obsoletes previous regulation
+# no. 206 (1998-09-22) and thus sticks Estonia to +02:00 GMT for all
+# the year round.  The regulation is effective 1999-11-01.
+
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Europe/Tallinn	1:39:00	-	LMT	1880
 			1:39:00	-	TMT	1918 Feb # Tallinn Mean Time
@@ -1337,7 +763,7 @@ Zone	Europe/Tallinn	1:39:00	-	LMT	1880
 			3:00	Russia	MSK/MSD	1989 Mar 26 2:00s
 			2:00	1:00	EEST	1989 Sep 24 2:00s
 			2:00	C-Eur	EE%sT	1998 Sep 22
-			2:00	EU	EE%sT	2000
+			2:00	EU	EE%sT	1999 Nov  1
 			2:00	-	EET
 
 # Finland