diff options
Diffstat (limited to 'timezone/europe')
| -rw-r--r-- | timezone/europe | 163 |
1 files changed, 148 insertions, 15 deletions
diff --git a/timezone/europe b/timezone/europe index 43b4af392a..b99053d184 100644 --- a/timezone/europe +++ b/timezone/europe @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ -# @(#)europe 7.78 +# @(#)europe 7.79 # This data is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better, # go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to @@ -41,7 +41,10 @@ # 0:00 GMT BST Greenwich, British Summer # 0:00 GMT IST Greenwich, Irish Summer # 0:00 WET WEST Western Europe +# 0:19:32 AMT NST Amsterdam, Netherlands Summer (1835-1937)* +# 0:20 NET NEST Netherlands (1937-1940)* # 1:00 CET CEST Central Europe +# 1:00:14 SET Swedish (1879-1899)* # 2:00 EET EEST Eastern Europe # 3:00 MSK MSD Moscow # @@ -1371,22 +1374,59 @@ Zone Europe/Monaco 0:29:32 - LMT 1891 Mar 15 1:00 EU CE%sT # Netherlands + # Howse writes that the Netherlands' railways used GMT between 1892 and 1940, # but for other purposes the Netherlands used Amsterdam mean time. -# The data before 1945 is taken from + +# However, Robert H. van Gent writes (2001-04-01): +# Howse's statement is only correct up to 1909. From 1909-05-01 (00:00:00 +# Amsterdam mean time) onwards, the whole of the Netherlands (including +# the Dutch railways) was required by law to observe Amsterdam mean time +# (19 minutes 32.13 seconds ahead of GMT). This had already been the +# common practice (except for the railways) for many decades but it was +# not until 1909 when the Dutch government finally defined this by law. +# On 1937-07-01 this was changed to 20 minutes (exactly) ahead of GMT and +# was generally known as Dutch Time ("Nederlandse Tijd"). +# +# (2001-04-08): +# 1892-05-01 was the date when the Dutch railways were by law required to +# observe GMT while the remainder of the Netherlands adhered to the common +# practice of following Amsterdam mean time. +# +# (2001-04-09): +# In 1835 the authorities of the province of North Holland requested the +# municipal authorities of the towns and cities in the province to observe +# Amsterdam mean time but I do not know in how many cases this request was +# actually followed. +# +# From 1852 onwards the Dutch telegraph offices were by law required to +# observe Amsterdam mean time. As the time signals from the observatory of +# Leiden were also distributed by the telegraph system, I assume that most +# places linked up with the telegraph (and railway) system automatically +# adopted Amsterdam mean time. +# +# Although the early Dutch railway companies initially observed a variety +# of times, most of them had adopted Amsterdam mean time by 1858 but it +# was not until 1866 when they were all required by law to observe +# Amsterdam mean time. + +# The data before 1945 are taken from # <http://www.phys.uu.nl/~vgent/wettijd/wettijd.htm>. + # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S Rule Neth 1916 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 NST # Netherlands Summer Time Rule Neth 1916 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 AMT # Amsterdam Mean Time Rule Neth 1917 only - Apr 16 2:00s 1:00 NST Rule Neth 1917 only - Sep 17 2:00s 0 AMT Rule Neth 1918 1921 - Apr Mon>=1 2:00s 1:00 NST -Rule Neth 1918 1921 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 AMT +Rule Neth 1918 1921 - Sep lastMon 2:00s 0 AMT Rule Neth 1922 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 NST Rule Neth 1922 1936 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 AMT Rule Neth 1923 only - Jun Fri>=1 2:00s 1:00 NST Rule Neth 1924 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 NST Rule Neth 1925 only - Jun Fri>=1 2:00s 1:00 NST +# From 1926 through 1939 DST began 05-15, except that it was delayed by a week +# in years when 05-15 fell in the Pentecost weekend. Rule Neth 1926 1931 - May 15 2:00s 1:00 NST Rule Neth 1932 only - May 22 2:00s 1:00 NST Rule Neth 1933 1936 - May 15 2:00s 1:00 NST @@ -1396,10 +1436,13 @@ Rule Neth 1937 1939 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 - Rule Neth 1938 1939 - May 15 2:00s 1:00 S Rule Neth 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 S Rule Neth 1945 only - Sep 16 2:00s 0 - +# +# Amsterdam Mean Time was +00:19:32.13 exactly, but the .13 is omitted +# below because the current format requires GMTOFF to be an integer. # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] -Zone Europe/Amsterdam 0:19:28 - LMT 1892 May - 0:19:28 Neth %s 1937 Jul - 0:20 Neth NE%sT 1940 May 17 0:00 +Zone Europe/Amsterdam 0:19:32 - LMT 1835 + 0:19:32 Neth %s 1937 Jul 1 + 0:20 Neth NE%sT 1940 May 17 0:00 # Dutch Time 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00 1:00 Neth CE%sT 1977 1:00 EU CE%sT @@ -1417,17 +1460,62 @@ Rule Norway 1959 1964 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 1:00 S Rule Norway 1959 1965 - Sep Sun>=15 2:00s 0 - Rule Norway 1965 only - Apr 25 2:00s 1:00 S # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] -Zone Europe/Oslo 0:43:00 - LMT 1895 +Zone Europe/Oslo 0:43:00 - LMT 1895 Jan 1 1:00 Norway CE%sT 1940 Aug 10 23:00 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00 1:00 Norway CE%sT 1980 1:00 EU CE%sT # Svalbard & Jan Mayen + +# From Steffen Thorsen (2001-05-01): +# Although I could not find it explicitly, it seems that Jan Mayen and +# Svalbard have been using the same time as Norway at least since the +# time they were declared as parts of Norway. Svalbard was declared +# as a part of Norway by law of 1925-07-17 no 11, section 4 and Jan +# Mayen by law of 1930-02-27 no 2, section 2. (From +# http://www.lovdata.no/all/nl-19250717-011.html and +# http://www.lovdata.no/all/nl-19300227-002.html). The law/regulation +# for normal/standard time in Norway is from 1894-06-29 no 1 (came +# into operation on 1895-01-01) and Svalbard/Jan Mayen seem to be a +# part of this law since 1925/1930. (From +# http://www.lovdata.no/all/nl-18940629-001.html ) I have not been +# able to find if Jan Mayen used a different time zone (e.g. -0100) +# before 1930. Jan Mayen has only been "inhabitated" since 1921 by +# Norwegian meteorologists and maybe used the same time as Norway ever +# since 1921. Svalbard (Arctic/Longyearbyen) has been inhabited since +# before 1895, and therefore probably changed the local time somewhere +# between 1895 and 1925 (inclusive). + +# From Paul Eggert (2001-05-01): +# +# Actually, Jan Mayen was never occupied by Germany during World War II, +# so it must have diverged from Oslo time during the war, as Olso was +# keeping Berlin time. +# +# <http://home.no.net/janmayen/history.htm> says that the meteorologists +# burned down their station in 1940 and left the island, but returned in +# 1941 with a small Norwegian garrison and continued operations despite +# frequent air ttacks from Germans. In 1943 the Americans established a +# radiolocating station on the island, called "Atlantic City". Possibly +# the UTC offset changed during the war, but I think it unlikely that +# Jan Mayen used German daylight-saving rules. +# +# Svalbard is more complicated, as it was raided in August 1941 by an +# Allied party that evacuated the civilian population to England (says +# <http://www.bartleby.com/65/sv/Svalbard.html>). The Svalbard FAQ +# <http://www.svalbard.com/SvalbardFAQ.html> says that the Germans were +# expelled on 1942-05-14. However, small parties of Germans did return, +# and according to Wilhelm Dege's book "War North of 80" (1954) +# <http://www.utpress.utoronto.ca/publishing/rights/dege_warnorthof80.htm> +# the German armed forces at the Svalbard weather station code-named +# Haudegen did not surrender to the Allies until September 1945. +# +# All these events predate our cutoff date of 1970. Unless we can +# come up with more definitive info about the timekeeping during the +# war years it's probably best just do do the following for now: Link Europe/Oslo Arctic/Longyearbyen -# From Whitman: -# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] -Zone Atlantic/Jan_Mayen -1:00 - EGT +Link Europe/Oslo Atlantic/Jan_Mayen # Poland # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S @@ -1638,7 +1726,7 @@ Zone Europe/Bucharest 1:44:24 - LMT 1891 Oct # enforcing curfew at the wrong time. # # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] -Zone Europe/Kaliningrad 1:22:00 - LMT 1893 Apr +Zone Europe/Kaliningrad 1:22:00 - LMT 1893 Apr 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 2:00 Poland CE%sT 1946 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1991 Mar 31 2:00s @@ -1795,11 +1883,56 @@ Zone Atlantic/Canary -1:01:36 - LMT 1922 Mar # Las Palmas de Gran C. # Ignore this for now, as the Canaries are part of the EU. # Sweden + +# From Ivan Nilsson (2001-04-13), superseding Shanks: +# +# The law "Svensk forfattningssamling 1878, no 14" about standard time in 1879: +# From the beginning of 1879 (that is 01-01 00:00) the time for all +# places in the country is "the mean solar time for the meridian at +# three degrees, or twelve minutes of time, to the west of the +# meridian of the Observatory of Stockholm". The law is dated 1878-05-31. +# +# The observatory at that time had the meridian 18 degrees 03' 30" +# eastern longitude = 01:12:14 in time. Less 12 minutes gives the +# national standard time as 01:00:14 ahead of GMT.... +# +# About the beginning of CET in Sweden. The lawtext ("Svensk +# forfattningssamling 1899, no 44") states, that "from the beginning +# of 1900... ... the same as the mean solar time for the meridian at +# the distance of one hour of time from the meridian of the English +# observatory at Greenwich, or at 12 minutes 14 seconds to the west +# from the meridian of the Observatory of Stockholm". The law is dated +# 1899-06-16. In short: At 1900-01-01 00:00:00 the new standard time +# in Sweden is 01:00:00 ahead of GMT. +# +# 1916: The lawtext ("Svensk forfattningssamling 1916, no 124") states +# that "1916-05-15 is considered to begin one hour earlier". It is +# pretty obvious that at 05-14 23:00 the clocks are set to 05-15 00:00.... +# Further the law says, that "1916-09-30 is considered to end one hour later". +# +# The laws regulating [DST] are available on the site of the Swedish +# Parliament beginning with 1985 - the laws regulating 1980/1984 are +# not available on the site (to my knowledge they are only available +# in Swedish): <http://www.riksdagen.se/english/work/sfst.asp> (type +# "sommartid" without the quotes in the field "Fritext" and then click +# the Sok-button). +# +# (2001-05-13): +# +# I have now found a newspaper stating that at 1916-10-01 01:00 +# summertime the church-clocks etc were set back one hour to show +# 1916-10-01 00:00 standard time. The article also reports that some +# people thought the switch to standard time would take place already +# at 1916-10-01 00:00 summer time, but they had to wait for another +# hour before the event took place. +# +# Source: The newspaper "Dagens Nyheter", 1916-10-01, page 7 upper left. + # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] -Zone Europe/Stockholm 1:12:12 - LMT 1878 May 31 - 1:12:12 - SMT 1900 Jan 1 1:00 # Stockholm MT - 1:00 - CET 1916 Apr 14 23:00s - 1:00 1:00 CEST 1916 Sep 30 23:00s +Zone Europe/Stockholm 1:12:12 - LMT 1879 Jan 1 + 1:00:14 - SET 1900 Jan 1 # Swedish Time + 1:00 - CET 1916 May 14 23:00 + 1:00 1:00 CEST 1916 Oct 1 01:00 1:00 - CET 1980 1:00 EU CE%sT |