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+.file "libm_ldexp.s"
+
+
+// Copyright (c) 2000 - 2003, Intel Corporation
+// All rights reserved.
+//
+// Contributed 2000 by the Intel Numerics Group, Intel Corporation
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+// * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//
+// * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
+// documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+//
+// * The name of Intel Corporation may not be used to endorse or promote
+// products derived from this software without specific prior written
+// permission.
+
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL INTEL OR ITS
+// CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL,
+// EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO,
+// PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR
+// PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY
+// OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY OR TORT (INCLUDING
+// NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS
+// SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+//
+// Intel Corporation is the author of this code, and requests that all
+// problem reports or change requests be submitted to it directly at
+// http://www.intel.com/software/products/opensource/libraries/num.htm.
+//
+// History
+//==============================================================
+// 02/02/00 Initial version
+// 01/26/01 ldexp completely reworked and now standalone version
+// 01/04/02 Added handling for int 32 or 64 bits
+// 05/20/02 Cleaned up namespace and sf0 syntax
+// 02/10/03 Reordered header: .section, .global, .proc, .align
+// 08/04/03 Improved performance
+//
+// API
+//==============================================================
+// double __libm_ldexp  (double x, int n, int int_type)
+// input  floating point f8 and int n (r33), int int_type (r34)
+// output floating point f8
+//
+// int_type = 0 if int is 32 bits
+// int_type = 1 if int is 64 bits
+//
+// Returns x* 2**n using an fma and detects overflow
+// and underflow.
+//
+//
+// Strategy:
+//  Compute biased exponent of result exp_Result = N + exp_X
+//  Break into ranges:
+//   exp_Result > 0x103fe                 -> Certain overflow
+//   exp_Result = 0x103fe                 -> Possible overflow
+//   0x0fc01 <= exp_Result < 0x103fe      -> No over/underflow (main path)
+//   0x0fc01 - 52 <= exp_Result < 0x0fc01 -> Possible underflow
+//   exp_Result < 0x0fc01 - 52            -> Certain underflow
+
+FR_Big         = f6
+FR_NBig        = f7
+FR_Floating_X  = f8
+FR_Result      = f8
+FR_Result2     = f9
+FR_Result3     = f10
+FR_Norm_X      = f11
+FR_Two_N       = f12
+
+GR_neg_ov_limit= r14
+GR_N_Biased    = r15
+GR_Big         = r16
+GR_NBig        = r17
+GR_exp_Result  = r18
+GR_pos_ov_limit= r19
+GR_Bias        = r20
+GR_N_as_int    = r21
+GR_signexp_X   = r22
+GR_exp_X       = r23
+GR_exp_mask    = r24
+GR_max_exp     = r25
+GR_min_exp     = r26
+GR_min_den_exp = r27
+
+GR_SAVE_B0          = r32
+GR_SAVE_GP          = r33
+GR_SAVE_PFS         = r34
+GR_Parameter_X      = r35
+GR_Parameter_Y      = r36
+GR_Parameter_RESULT = r37
+GR_Tag              = r38
+
+.section .text
+GLOBAL_LIBM_ENTRY(__libm_ldexp)
+
+//
+//   Is x NAN, INF, ZERO, +-?
+//   Build the exponent Bias
+//
+{    .mfi
+     getf.exp      GR_signexp_X = FR_Floating_X // Get signexp of x
+     fclass.m      p6,p0 = FR_Floating_X, 0xe7  // @snan | @qnan | @inf | @zero
+     mov           GR_Bias = 0x0ffff
+}
+//
+//   Normalize x
+//   Is integer type 32 bits?
+//
+{    .mfi
+     mov           GR_Big = 35000      // If N this big then certain overflow
+     fnorm.s1      FR_Norm_X = FR_Floating_X
+     cmp.eq        p8,p9 = r34,r0
+}
+;;
+
+//   Sign extend N if int is 32 bits
+{    .mfi
+(p9) mov           GR_N_as_int = r33     // Copy N if int is 64 bits
+     fclass.m      p9,p0 = FR_Floating_X, 0x0b // Test for x=unorm
+(p8) sxt4          GR_N_as_int = r33     // Sign extend N if int is 32 bits
+}
+{ .mfi
+     mov           GR_NBig = -35000    // If N this small then certain underflow
+     nop.f         0
+     mov           GR_max_exp = 0x103fe      // Exponent of maximum double
+}
+;;
+
+//   Create biased exponent for 2**N
+{    .mfi
+     add           GR_N_Biased = GR_Bias,GR_N_as_int
+     nop.f         0
+     cmp.ge        p7, p0 = GR_N_as_int, GR_Big  // Certain overflow?
+}
+{    .mib
+     cmp.le        p8, p0 = GR_N_as_int, GR_NBig // Certain underflow?
+     mov           GR_min_exp = 0x0fc01      // Exponent of minimum double
+(p9) br.cond.spnt  LDEXP_UNORM               // Branch if x=unorm
+}
+;;
+
+LDEXP_COMMON:
+// Main path continues.  Also return here from x=unorm path.
+//   Create 2**N
+.pred.rel "mutex",p7,p8
+{    .mfi
+     setf.exp      FR_Two_N = GR_N_Biased
+     nop.f         0
+(p7) mov           GR_N_as_int = GR_Big      // Limit max N
+}
+{    .mfi
+(p8) mov           GR_N_as_int = GR_NBig     // Limit min N
+     nop.f         0
+(p8) cmp.eq        p7,p0 = r0,r0             // Set p7 if |N| big
+}
+;;
+
+//
+//   Create biased exponent for 2**N for N big
+//   Is N zero?
+//
+{    .mfi
+(p7) add           GR_N_Biased = GR_Bias,GR_N_as_int
+     nop.f         0
+     cmp.eq.or     p6,p0 = r33,r0
+}
+{    .mfi
+     mov           GR_pos_ov_limit = 0x103ff // Exponent for positive overflow
+     nop.f         0
+     mov           GR_exp_mask = 0x1ffff     // Exponent mask
+}
+;;
+
+//
+//   Create 2**N for N big
+//   Return x when N = 0 or X = Nan, Inf, Zero
+//
+{    .mfi
+(p7) setf.exp      FR_Two_N = GR_N_Biased
+     nop.f         0
+     mov           GR_min_den_exp = 0x0fc01 - 52 // Exponent of min denorm dble
+}
+{    .mfb
+     and           GR_exp_X = GR_exp_mask, GR_signexp_X
+(p6) fma.d.s0      FR_Result = FR_Floating_X, f1, f0
+(p6) br.ret.spnt   b0
+}
+;;
+
+//
+//   Raise Denormal operand flag with compare
+//   Compute biased result exponent
+//
+{    .mfi
+     add           GR_exp_Result = GR_exp_X, GR_N_as_int
+     fcmp.ge.s0    p0,p11 = FR_Floating_X,f0
+     mov           GR_neg_ov_limit = 0x303ff // Exponent for negative overflow
+}
+;;
+
+//
+//   Do final operation
+//
+{    .mfi
+     cmp.lt        p7,p6 = GR_exp_Result, GR_max_exp  // Test no overflow
+     fma.d.s0      FR_Result = FR_Two_N,FR_Norm_X,f0
+     cmp.lt        p9,p0 = GR_exp_Result, GR_min_den_exp // Test sure underflow
+}
+{    .mfb
+     nop.m         0
+     nop.f         0
+(p9) br.cond.spnt  LDEXP_UNDERFLOW           // Branch if certain underflow
+}
+;;
+
+{    .mib
+(p6) cmp.gt.unc    p6,p8 = GR_exp_Result, GR_max_exp  // Test sure overflow
+(p7) cmp.ge.unc    p7,p9 = GR_exp_Result, GR_min_exp  // Test no over/underflow
+(p7) br.ret.sptk   b0                         // Return from main path
+}
+;;
+
+{    .bbb
+(p6) br.cond.spnt  LDEXP_OVERFLOW            // Branch if certain overflow
+(p8) br.cond.spnt  LDEXP_POSSIBLE_OVERFLOW   // Branch if possible overflow
+(p9) br.cond.spnt  LDEXP_POSSIBLE_UNDERFLOW  // Branch if possible underflow
+}
+;;
+
+// Here if possible underflow.
+// Resulting exponent: 0x0fc01-52 <= exp_Result < 0x0fc01
+LDEXP_POSSIBLE_UNDERFLOW:
+//
+// Here if possible overflow.
+// Resulting exponent: 0x103fe = exp_Result
+LDEXP_POSSIBLE_OVERFLOW:
+
+//   Set up necessary status fields
+//
+//   S0 user supplied status
+//   S2 user supplied status + WRE + TD  (Overflows)
+//   S3 user supplied status + FZ + TD   (Underflows)
+//
+{    .mfi
+     nop.m         0
+     fsetc.s3      0x7F,0x41
+     nop.i         0
+}
+{    .mfi
+     nop.m         0
+     fsetc.s2      0x7F,0x42
+     nop.i         0
+}
+;;
+
+//
+//   Do final operation with s2 and s3
+//
+{    .mfi
+     setf.exp      FR_NBig = GR_neg_ov_limit
+     fma.d.s3      FR_Result3 = FR_Two_N,FR_Norm_X,f0
+     nop.i         0
+}
+{    .mfi
+     setf.exp      FR_Big = GR_pos_ov_limit
+     fma.d.s2      FR_Result2 = FR_Two_N,FR_Norm_X,f0
+     nop.i         0
+}
+;;
+
+//   Check for overflow or underflow.
+//   Restore s3
+//   Restore s2
+//
+{    .mfi
+     nop.m         0
+     fsetc.s3      0x7F,0x40
+     nop.i         0
+}
+{    .mfi
+     nop.m         0
+     fsetc.s2      0x7F,0x40
+     nop.i         0
+}
+;;
+
+//
+//   Is the result zero?
+//
+{    .mfi
+     nop.m         0
+     fclass.m      p6, p0 =  FR_Result3, 0x007
+     nop.i         0
+}
+{    .mfi
+     nop.m         0
+     fcmp.ge.s1    p7, p8 = FR_Result2 , FR_Big
+     nop.i         0
+}
+;;
+
+//
+//   Detect masked underflow - Tiny + Inexact Only
+//
+{    .mfi
+     nop.m         0
+(p6) fcmp.neq.unc.s1 p6, p0 = FR_Result , FR_Result2
+     nop.i         0
+}
+;;
+
+//
+//   Is result bigger the allowed range?
+//   Branch out for underflow
+//
+{    .mfb
+     nop.m          0
+(p8) fcmp.le.unc.s1 p9, p10 = FR_Result2 , FR_NBig
+(p6) br.cond.spnt   LDEXP_UNDERFLOW
+}
+;;
+
+//
+//   Branch out for overflow
+//
+{ .bbb
+(p7) br.cond.spnt   LDEXP_OVERFLOW
+(p9) br.cond.spnt   LDEXP_OVERFLOW
+     br.ret.sptk    b0             //   Return from main path.
+}
+;;
+
+// Here if result overflows
+LDEXP_OVERFLOW:
+{ .mib
+     alloc         r32=ar.pfs,3,0,4,0
+     addl          GR_Tag = 146, r0    // Set error tag for overflow
+     br.cond.sptk  __libm_error_region // Call error support for overflow
+}
+;;
+
+// Here if result underflows
+LDEXP_UNDERFLOW:
+{ .mib
+     alloc         r32=ar.pfs,3,0,4,0
+     addl          GR_Tag = 147, r0    // Set error tag for underflow
+     br.cond.sptk  __libm_error_region // Call error support for underflow
+}
+;;
+
+// Here if x=unorm
+LDEXP_UNORM:
+{ .mib
+     getf.exp      GR_signexp_X = FR_Norm_X // Get signexp of normalized x
+     nop.i         0
+     br.cond.sptk  LDEXP_COMMON            // Return to main path
+}
+;;
+
+
+GLOBAL_LIBM_END(__libm_ldexp)
+LOCAL_LIBM_ENTRY(__libm_error_region)
+
+//
+// Get stack address of N
+//
+.prologue
+{ .mfi
+    add   GR_Parameter_Y=-32,sp
+    nop.f 0
+.save   ar.pfs,GR_SAVE_PFS
+    mov  GR_SAVE_PFS=ar.pfs
+}
+//
+// Adjust sp
+//
+{ .mfi
+.fframe 64
+   add sp=-64,sp
+   nop.f 0
+   mov GR_SAVE_GP=gp
+};;
+
+//
+//  Store N on stack in correct position
+//  Locate the address of x on stack
+//
+{ .mmi
+   st8 [GR_Parameter_Y] =  GR_N_as_int,16
+   add GR_Parameter_X = 16,sp
+.save   b0, GR_SAVE_B0
+   mov GR_SAVE_B0=b0
+};;
+
+//
+// Store x on the stack.
+// Get address for result on stack.
+//
+.body
+{ .mib
+   stfd [GR_Parameter_X] = FR_Norm_X
+   add   GR_Parameter_RESULT = 0,GR_Parameter_Y
+   nop.b 0
+}
+{ .mib
+   stfd [GR_Parameter_Y] = FR_Result
+   add   GR_Parameter_Y = -16,GR_Parameter_Y
+   br.call.sptk b0=__libm_error_support#
+};;
+
+//
+//  Get location of result on stack
+//
+{ .mmi
+   add   GR_Parameter_RESULT = 48,sp
+   nop.m 0
+   nop.i 0
+};;
+
+//
+//  Get the new result
+//
+{ .mmi
+   ldfd  FR_Result = [GR_Parameter_RESULT]
+.restore sp
+   add   sp = 64,sp
+   mov   b0 = GR_SAVE_B0
+};;
+
+//
+//  Restore gp, ar.pfs and return
+//
+{ .mib
+   mov   gp = GR_SAVE_GP
+   mov   ar.pfs = GR_SAVE_PFS
+   br.ret.sptk     b0
+};;
+
+LOCAL_LIBM_END(__libm_error_region)
+
+.type   __libm_error_support#,@function
+.global __libm_error_support#