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+//.file "ldexpl.s"
+
+// Copyright (C) 2000, 2001, Intel Corporation
+// All rights reserved.
+// 
+// Contributed 2/2/2000 by John Harrison, Ted Kubaska, Bob Norin, Shane Story,
+// and Ping Tak Peter Tang of the Computational Software Lab, Intel Corporation.
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+// * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//
+// * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
+// documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+//
+// * The name of Intel Corporation may not be used to endorse or promote
+// products derived from this software without specific prior written
+// permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS 
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT 
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL INTEL OR ITS 
+// CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL,
+// EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, 
+// PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR 
+// PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY 
+// OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY OR TORT (INCLUDING
+// NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS 
+// SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE. 
+// 
+// Intel Corporation is the author of this code, and requests that all
+// problem reports or change requests be submitted to it directly at 
+// http://developer.intel.com/opensource.
+//
+// History
+//==============================================================
+// 2/02/00  Initial version
+// 1/26/01  ldexpl completely reworked and now standalone version 
+//
+// API
+//==============================================================
+// double-extended = ldexpl  (double-extended x, int n) 
+// input  floating point f8 and int n (r34) 
+// output floating point f8
+//
+// Returns x* 2**n using an fma and detects overflow
+// and underflow.   
+//
+//
+
+#include "libm_support.h"
+
+FR_Big         = f6
+FR_NBig        = f7
+FR_Floating_X  = f8
+FR_Result      = f8
+FR_Result2     = f9
+FR_Result3     = f11
+FR_Norm_X      = f12
+FR_Two_N       = f14
+FR_Two_to_Big  = f15
+
+GR_N_Biased    = r15
+GR_Big         = r16
+GR_NBig        = r17
+GR_Scratch     = r18
+GR_Scratch1    = r19
+GR_Bias        = r20
+GR_N_as_int    = r21
+
+GR_SAVE_B0          = r32
+GR_SAVE_GP          = r33
+GR_SAVE_PFS         = r34
+GR_Parameter_X      = r35
+GR_Parameter_Y      = r36
+GR_Parameter_RESULT = r37
+GR_Tag              = r38
+
+.align 32
+.global ldexpl
+
+.section .text
+.proc  ldexpl
+.align 32
+
+ldexpl: 
+
+//
+//   Is x NAN, INF, ZERO, +-?
+//   Build the exponent Bias
+//
+{    .mfi
+     alloc         r32=ar.pfs,2,1,4,0
+     fclass.m.unc  p7,p0 = FR_Floating_X, 0xe7 //@snan | @qnan | @inf | @zero
+     addl          GR_Bias = 0x0FFFF,r0
+}
+
+//
+//   Sign extend input
+//   Is N zero?
+//   Normalize x
+//
+{    .mfi
+     cmp.eq.unc    p6,p0 = r34,r0  
+     fnorm.s1      FR_Norm_X  =   FR_Floating_X 
+     sxt4          GR_N_as_int = r34
+}
+;;
+
+//
+//   Normalize x
+//   Branch and return special values.
+//   Create -35000
+//   Create 35000
+//
+{    .mfi
+     addl          GR_Big = 35000,r0
+     nop.f         0
+     add           GR_N_Biased = GR_Bias,GR_N_as_int
+}
+{    .mfb
+     addl          GR_NBig = -35000,r0
+(p7) fma.s0      FR_Result = FR_Floating_X,f1, f0 
+(p7) br.ret.spnt   b0  
+};;
+
+//
+//   Build the exponent Bias
+//   Return x when N = 0
+//
+{    .mfi
+     setf.exp      FR_Two_N = GR_N_Biased                   
+     nop.f         0
+     addl          GR_Scratch1  = 0x063BF,r0 
+}
+{    .mfb
+     addl          GR_Scratch  = 0x019C3F,r0 
+(p6) fma.s0      FR_Result = FR_Floating_X,f1, f0 
+(p6) br.ret.spnt   b0  
+};;
+
+//
+//   Create 2*big
+//   Create 2**-big 
+//   Is N > 35000     
+//   Is N < -35000     
+//   Raise Denormal operand flag with compare
+//   Main path, create 2**N
+//
+{    .mfi
+     setf.exp      FR_NBig = GR_Scratch1                  
+     nop.f         0
+     cmp.ge.unc    p6, p0 = GR_N_as_int, GR_Big
+}
+{    .mfi
+     setf.exp      FR_Big = GR_Scratch                  
+     fcmp.ge.s0    p0,p11 = FR_Floating_X,f0
+     cmp.le.unc    p8, p0 = GR_N_as_int, GR_NBig
+};;
+
+//
+//   Adjust 2**N if N was very small or very large
+//
+{    .mfi
+     nop.m 0
+(p6) fma.s1        FR_Two_N = FR_Big,f1,f0
+     nop.i 0
+}
+{ .mlx
+     nop.m 999
+(p0) movl          GR_Scratch = 0x0000000000033FFF 
+};;
+
+
+{    .mfi
+     nop.m 0
+(p8) fma.s1        FR_Two_N = FR_NBig,f1,f0
+     nop.i 0
+}
+{    .mlx
+     nop.m 999
+(p0) movl          GR_Scratch1= 0x0000000000013FFF 
+};;
+
+//   Set up necessary status fields 
+//
+//   S0 user supplied status
+//   S2 user supplied status + WRE + TD  (Overflows)
+//   S3 user supplied status + FZ + TD   (Underflows)
+//
+{    .mfi
+     nop.m 999
+(p0) fsetc.s3      0x7F,0x41
+     nop.i 999
+}
+{    .mfi
+     nop.m 999
+(p0) fsetc.s2      0x7F,0x42
+     nop.i 999
+};;
+
+//
+//   Do final operation
+//
+{    .mfi
+     setf.exp      FR_NBig = GR_Scratch
+     fma.s0      FR_Result = FR_Two_N,FR_Norm_X,f0 
+     nop.i         999
+}
+{    .mfi
+     nop.m         999
+     fma.s3      FR_Result3 = FR_Two_N,FR_Norm_X,f0 
+     nop.i         999
+};;
+{    .mfi
+     setf.exp      FR_Big = GR_Scratch1
+     fma.s2      FR_Result2 = FR_Two_N,FR_Norm_X,f0 
+     nop.i         999
+};;
+
+//   Check for overflow or underflow.
+//   Restore s3
+//   Restore s2
+//
+{    .mfi
+     nop.m 0
+     fsetc.s3      0x7F,0x40
+     nop.i 999 
+}
+{    .mfi
+     nop.m 0
+     fsetc.s2      0x7F,0x40
+     nop.i 999
+};;
+
+//
+//   Is the result zero?
+//
+{    .mfi
+     nop.m 999
+     fclass.m.unc  p6, p0 =  FR_Result3, 0x007
+     nop.i 999 
+} 
+{    .mfi
+     addl          GR_Tag = 144, r0
+     fcmp.ge.unc.s1 p7, p8 = FR_Result2 , FR_Big
+     nop.i 0
+};;
+
+//
+//   Detect masked underflow - Tiny + Inexact Only
+//
+{    .mfi
+     nop.m 999
+(p6) fcmp.neq.unc.s1 p6, p0 = FR_Result , FR_Result2
+     nop.i 999 
+};; 
+
+//
+//   Is result bigger the allowed range?
+//   Branch out for underflow
+//
+{    .mfb
+(p6) addl           GR_Tag = 145, r0
+(p8) fcmp.le.unc.s1 p9, p10 = FR_Result2 , FR_NBig
+(p6) br.cond.spnt   L(ldexpl_UNDERFLOW) 
+};;
+
+//
+//   Branch out for overflow
+//
+{ .mbb
+     nop.m 0
+(p7) br.cond.spnt   L(ldexpl_OVERFLOW) 
+(p9) br.cond.spnt   L(ldexpl_OVERFLOW) 
+};;
+
+//
+//   Return from main path.
+//
+{    .mfb
+     nop.m 999
+     nop.f 0
+     br.ret.sptk     b0;;                   
+}
+
+.endp ldexpl
+ASM_SIZE_DIRECTIVE(ldexpl)
+.proc __libm_error_region
+__libm_error_region:
+
+L(ldexpl_OVERFLOW): 
+L(ldexpl_UNDERFLOW): 
+
+//
+// Get stack address of N
+//
+.prologue
+{ .mfi
+    add   GR_Parameter_Y=-32,sp         
+    nop.f 0
+.save   ar.pfs,GR_SAVE_PFS
+    mov  GR_SAVE_PFS=ar.pfs              
+}
+//
+// Adjust sp 
+//
+{ .mfi
+.fframe 64
+   add sp=-64,sp                         
+   nop.f 0
+   mov GR_SAVE_GP=gp       
+};;
+
+//
+//  Store N on stack in correct position 
+//  Locate the address of x on stack
+//
+{ .mmi
+   st8 [GR_Parameter_Y] =  GR_N_as_int,16       
+   add GR_Parameter_X = 16,sp          
+.save   b0, GR_SAVE_B0
+   mov GR_SAVE_B0=b0                  
+};;
+
+//
+// Store x on the stack.
+// Get address for result on stack.
+//
+.body
+{ .mib
+   stfe [GR_Parameter_X] = FR_Norm_X 
+   add   GR_Parameter_RESULT = 0,GR_Parameter_Y   
+   nop.b 0
+}
+{ .mib
+   stfe [GR_Parameter_Y] = FR_Result                 
+   add   GR_Parameter_Y = -16,GR_Parameter_Y
+   br.call.sptk b0=__libm_error_support#   
+};;
+
+//
+//  Get location of result on stack
+//
+{ .mmi
+   nop.m 0
+   nop.m 0
+   add   GR_Parameter_RESULT = 48,sp    
+};;
+
+//
+//  Get the new result 
+//
+{ .mmi
+   ldfe  FR_Result = [GR_Parameter_RESULT]      
+.restore sp
+   add   sp = 64,sp                       
+   mov   b0 = GR_SAVE_B0                  
+};;
+
+//
+//  Restore gp, ar.pfs and return
+//
+{ .mib
+   mov   gp = GR_SAVE_GP                  
+   mov   ar.pfs = GR_SAVE_PFS             
+   br.ret.sptk     b0                  
+};;
+
+.endp __libm_error_region
+ASM_SIZE_DIRECTIVE(__libm_error_region)
+
+.type   __libm_error_support#,@function
+.global __libm_error_support#