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+/* Manipulation of the bit representation of 'long double' quantities.
+   Copyright (C) 2006-2017 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+   This file is part of the GNU C Library.
+
+   The GNU C Library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
+   modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public
+   License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
+   version 2.1 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
+
+   The GNU C Library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
+   Lesser General Public License for more details.
+
+   You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
+   License along with the GNU C Library; if not, see
+   <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.  */
+
+#ifndef _MATH_LDBL_H_
+#define _MATH_LDBL_H_ 1
+
+#include <ieee754.h>
+#include <stdint.h>
+
+/* To suit our callers we return *hi64 and *lo64 as if they came from
+   an ieee854 112 bit mantissa, that is, 48 bits in *hi64 (plus one
+   implicit bit) and 64 bits in *lo64.  */
+
+static inline void
+ldbl_extract_mantissa (int64_t *hi64, uint64_t *lo64, int *exp, long double x)
+{
+  /* We have 105 bits of mantissa plus one implicit digit.  Since
+     106 bits are representable we use the first implicit digit for
+     the number before the decimal point and the second implicit bit
+     as bit 53 of the mantissa.  */
+  uint64_t hi, lo;
+  union ibm_extended_long_double u;
+
+  u.ld = x;
+  *exp = u.d[0].ieee.exponent - IEEE754_DOUBLE_BIAS;
+
+  lo = ((uint64_t) u.d[1].ieee.mantissa0 << 32) | u.d[1].ieee.mantissa1;
+  hi = ((uint64_t) u.d[0].ieee.mantissa0 << 32) | u.d[0].ieee.mantissa1;
+
+  if (u.d[0].ieee.exponent != 0)
+    {
+      int ediff;
+
+      /* If not a denormal or zero then we have an implicit 53rd bit.  */
+      hi |= (uint64_t) 1 << 52;
+
+      if (u.d[1].ieee.exponent != 0)
+	lo |= (uint64_t) 1 << 52;
+      else
+	/* A denormal is to be interpreted as having a biased exponent
+	   of 1.  */
+	lo = lo << 1;
+
+      /* We are going to shift 4 bits out of hi later, because we only
+	 want 48 bits in *hi64.  That means we want 60 bits in lo, but
+	 we currently only have 53.  Shift the value up.  */
+      lo = lo << 7;
+
+      /* The lower double is normalized separately from the upper.
+	 We may need to adjust the lower mantissa to reflect this.
+	 The difference between the exponents can be larger than 53
+	 when the low double is much less than 1ULP of the upper
+	 (in which case there are significant bits, all 0's or all
+	 1's, between the two significands).  The difference between
+	 the exponents can be less than 53 when the upper double
+	 exponent is nearing its minimum value (in which case the low
+	 double is denormal ie. has an exponent of zero).  */
+      ediff = u.d[0].ieee.exponent - u.d[1].ieee.exponent - 53;
+      if (ediff > 0)
+	{
+	  if (ediff < 64)
+	    lo = lo >> ediff;
+	  else
+	    lo = 0;
+	}
+      else if (ediff < 0)
+	lo = lo << -ediff;
+
+      if (u.d[0].ieee.negative != u.d[1].ieee.negative
+	  && lo != 0)
+	{
+	  hi--;
+	  lo = ((uint64_t) 1 << 60) - lo;
+	  if (hi < (uint64_t) 1 << 52)
+	    {
+	      /* We have a borrow from the hidden bit, so shift left 1.  */
+	      hi = (hi << 1) | (lo >> 59);
+	      lo = (((uint64_t) 1 << 60) - 1) & (lo << 1);
+	      *exp = *exp - 1;
+	    }
+	}
+    }
+  else
+    /* If the larger magnitude double is denormal then the smaller
+       one must be zero.  */
+    hi = hi << 1;
+
+  *lo64 = (hi << 60) | lo;
+  *hi64 = hi >> 4;
+}
+
+static inline long double
+ldbl_insert_mantissa (int sign, int exp, int64_t hi64, uint64_t lo64)
+{
+  union ibm_extended_long_double u;
+  int expnt2;
+  uint64_t hi, lo;
+
+  u.d[0].ieee.negative = sign;
+  u.d[1].ieee.negative = sign;
+  u.d[0].ieee.exponent = exp + IEEE754_DOUBLE_BIAS;
+  u.d[1].ieee.exponent = 0;
+  expnt2 = exp - 53 + IEEE754_DOUBLE_BIAS;
+
+  /* Expect 113 bits (112 bits + hidden) right justified in two longs.
+     The low order 53 bits (52 + hidden) go into the lower double */
+  lo = (lo64 >> 7) & (((uint64_t) 1 << 53) - 1);
+  /* The high order 53 bits (52 + hidden) go into the upper double */
+  hi = lo64 >> 60;
+  hi |= hi64 << 4;
+
+  if (lo != 0)
+    {
+      int lzcount;
+
+      /* hidden bit of low double controls rounding of the high double.
+	 If hidden is '1' and either the explicit mantissa is non-zero
+	 or hi is odd, then round up hi and adjust lo (2nd mantissa)
+	 plus change the sign of the low double to compensate.  */
+      if ((lo & ((uint64_t) 1 << 52)) != 0
+	  && ((hi & 1) != 0 || (lo & (((uint64_t) 1 << 52) - 1)) != 0))
+	{
+	  hi++;
+	  if ((hi & ((uint64_t) 1 << 53)) != 0)
+	    {
+	      hi = hi >> 1;
+	      u.d[0].ieee.exponent++;
+	    }
+	  u.d[1].ieee.negative = !sign;
+	  lo = ((uint64_t) 1 << 53) - lo;
+	}
+
+      /* Normalize the low double.  Shift the mantissa left until
+	 the hidden bit is '1' and adjust the exponent accordingly.  */
+
+      if (sizeof (lo) == sizeof (long))
+	lzcount = __builtin_clzl (lo);
+      else if ((lo >> 32) != 0)
+	lzcount = __builtin_clzl ((long) (lo >> 32));
+      else
+	lzcount = __builtin_clzl ((long) lo) + 32;
+      lzcount = lzcount - (64 - 53);
+      lo <<= lzcount;
+      expnt2 -= lzcount;
+
+      if (expnt2 >= 1)
+	/* Not denormal.  */
+	u.d[1].ieee.exponent = expnt2;
+      else
+	{
+	  /* Is denormal.  Note that biased exponent of 0 is treated
+	     as if it was 1, hence the extra shift.  */
+	  if (expnt2 > -53)
+	    lo >>= 1 - expnt2;
+	  else
+	    lo = 0;
+	}
+    }
+  else
+    u.d[1].ieee.negative = 0;
+
+  u.d[1].ieee.mantissa1 = lo;
+  u.d[1].ieee.mantissa0 = lo >> 32;
+  u.d[0].ieee.mantissa1 = hi;
+  u.d[0].ieee.mantissa0 = hi >> 32;
+  return u.ld;
+}
+
+/* Handy utility functions to pack/unpack/cononicalize and find the nearbyint
+   of long double implemented as double double.  */
+static inline long double
+default_ldbl_pack (double a, double aa)
+{
+  union ibm_extended_long_double u;
+  u.d[0].d = a;
+  u.d[1].d = aa;
+  return u.ld;
+}
+
+static inline void
+default_ldbl_unpack (long double l, double *a, double *aa)
+{
+  union ibm_extended_long_double u;
+  u.ld = l;
+  *a = u.d[0].d;
+  *aa = u.d[1].d;
+}
+
+#ifndef ldbl_pack
+# define ldbl_pack   default_ldbl_pack
+#endif
+#ifndef ldbl_unpack
+# define ldbl_unpack default_ldbl_unpack
+#endif
+
+/* Extract high double.  */
+#define ldbl_high(x) ((double) x)
+
+/* Convert a finite long double to canonical form.
+   Does not handle +/-Inf properly.  */
+static inline void
+ldbl_canonicalize (double *a, double *aa)
+{
+  double xh, xl;
+
+  xh = *a + *aa;
+  xl = (*a - xh) + *aa;
+  *a = xh;
+  *aa = xl;
+}
+
+/* Simple inline nearbyint (double) function.
+   Only works in the default rounding mode
+   but is useful in long double rounding functions.  */
+static inline double
+ldbl_nearbyint (double a)
+{
+  double two52 = 0x1p52;
+
+  if (__glibc_likely ((__builtin_fabs (a) < two52)))
+    {
+      if (__glibc_likely ((a > 0.0)))
+	{
+	  a += two52;
+	  a -= two52;
+	}
+      else if (__glibc_likely ((a < 0.0)))
+	{
+	  a = two52 - a;
+	  a = -(a - two52);
+	}
+    }
+  return a;
+}
+
+/* Canonicalize a result from an integer rounding function, in any
+   rounding mode.  *A and *AA are finite and integers, with *A being
+   nonzero; if the result is not already canonical, *AA is plus or
+   minus a power of 2 that does not exceed the least set bit in
+   *A.  */
+static inline void
+ldbl_canonicalize_int (double *a, double *aa)
+{
+  /* Previously we used EXTRACT_WORDS64 from math_private.h, but in order
+     to avoid including internal headers we duplicate that code here.  */
+  uint64_t ax, aax;
+  union { double value; uint64_t word; } extractor;
+  extractor.value = *a;
+  ax = extractor.word;
+  extractor.value = *aa;
+  aax = extractor.word;
+
+  int expdiff = ((ax >> 52) & 0x7ff) - ((aax >> 52) & 0x7ff);
+  if (expdiff <= 53)
+    {
+      if (expdiff == 53)
+	{
+	  /* Half way between two double values; noncanonical iff the
+	     low bit of A's mantissa is 1.  */
+	  if ((ax & 1) != 0)
+	    {
+	      *a += 2 * *aa;
+	      *aa = -*aa;
+	    }
+	}
+      else
+	{
+	  /* The sum can be represented in a single double.  */
+	  *a += *aa;
+	  *aa = 0;
+	}
+    }
+}
+
+#endif /* math_ldbl.h */