about summary refs log tree commit diff
path: root/REORG.TODO/resolv/res_send.c
diff options
context:
space:
mode:
Diffstat (limited to 'REORG.TODO/resolv/res_send.c')
-rw-r--r--REORG.TODO/resolv/res_send.c1502
1 files changed, 1502 insertions, 0 deletions
diff --git a/REORG.TODO/resolv/res_send.c b/REORG.TODO/resolv/res_send.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..b7b8ecdfc4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/REORG.TODO/resolv/res_send.c
@@ -0,0 +1,1502 @@
+/* Copyright (C) 2016-2017 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+   This file is part of the GNU C Library.
+
+   The GNU C Library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
+   modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public
+   License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
+   version 2.1 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
+
+   The GNU C Library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
+   Lesser General Public License for more details.
+
+   You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
+   License along with the GNU C Library; if not, see
+   <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.  */
+
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 1985, 1989, 1993
+ *    The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
+ *
+ * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+ * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
+ * are met:
+ * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+ *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+ * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+ *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
+ *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+ * 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
+ *    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
+ *    without specific prior written permission.
+ *
+ * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
+ * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
+ * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
+ * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
+ * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
+ * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
+ * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
+ * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
+ * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
+ * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
+ * SUCH DAMAGE.
+ */
+
+/*
+ * Portions Copyright (c) 1993 by Digital Equipment Corporation.
+ *
+ * Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software for any
+ * purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above
+ * copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies, and that
+ * the name of Digital Equipment Corporation not be used in advertising or
+ * publicity pertaining to distribution of the document or software without
+ * specific, written prior permission.
+ *
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND DIGITAL EQUIPMENT CORP. DISCLAIMS ALL
+ * WARRANTIES WITH REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE, INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES
+ * OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS.   IN NO EVENT SHALL DIGITAL EQUIPMENT
+ * CORPORATION BE LIABLE FOR ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
+ * DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR
+ * PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS
+ * ACTION, ARISING OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS
+ * SOFTWARE.
+ */
+
+/*
+ * Portions Copyright (c) 1996-1999 by Internet Software Consortium.
+ *
+ * Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software for any
+ * purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above
+ * copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies.
+ *
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND INTERNET SOFTWARE CONSORTIUM DISCLAIMS
+ * ALL WARRANTIES WITH REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES
+ * OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL INTERNET SOFTWARE
+ * CONSORTIUM BE LIABLE FOR ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
+ * DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR
+ * PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS
+ * ACTION, ARISING OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS
+ * SOFTWARE.
+ */
+
+/*
+ * Send query to name server and wait for reply.
+ */
+
+#include <assert.h>
+#include <sys/types.h>
+#include <sys/param.h>
+#include <sys/time.h>
+#include <sys/socket.h>
+#include <sys/uio.h>
+#include <sys/poll.h>
+
+#include <netinet/in.h>
+#include <arpa/nameser.h>
+#include <arpa/inet.h>
+#include <sys/ioctl.h>
+
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <fcntl.h>
+#include <netdb.h>
+#include <resolv/resolv-internal.h>
+#include <signal.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+#include <kernel-features.h>
+#include <libc-diag.h>
+
+#if PACKETSZ > 65536
+#define MAXPACKET       PACKETSZ
+#else
+#define MAXPACKET       65536
+#endif
+
+/* From ev_streams.c.  */
+
+static inline void
+__attribute ((always_inline))
+evConsIovec(void *buf, size_t cnt, struct iovec *vec) {
+	memset(vec, 0xf5, sizeof (*vec));
+	vec->iov_base = buf;
+	vec->iov_len = cnt;
+}
+
+/* From ev_timers.c.  */
+
+#define BILLION 1000000000
+
+static inline void
+evConsTime(struct timespec *res, time_t sec, long nsec) {
+	res->tv_sec = sec;
+	res->tv_nsec = nsec;
+}
+
+static inline void
+evAddTime(struct timespec *res, const struct timespec *addend1,
+	  const struct timespec *addend2) {
+	res->tv_sec = addend1->tv_sec + addend2->tv_sec;
+	res->tv_nsec = addend1->tv_nsec + addend2->tv_nsec;
+	if (res->tv_nsec >= BILLION) {
+		res->tv_sec++;
+		res->tv_nsec -= BILLION;
+	}
+}
+
+static inline void
+evSubTime(struct timespec *res, const struct timespec *minuend,
+	  const struct timespec *subtrahend) {
+       res->tv_sec = minuend->tv_sec - subtrahend->tv_sec;
+	if (minuend->tv_nsec >= subtrahend->tv_nsec)
+		res->tv_nsec = minuend->tv_nsec - subtrahend->tv_nsec;
+	else {
+		res->tv_nsec = (BILLION
+				- subtrahend->tv_nsec + minuend->tv_nsec);
+		res->tv_sec--;
+	}
+}
+
+static int
+evCmpTime(struct timespec a, struct timespec b) {
+	long x = a.tv_sec - b.tv_sec;
+
+	if (x == 0L)
+		x = a.tv_nsec - b.tv_nsec;
+	return (x < 0L ? (-1) : x > 0L ? (1) : (0));
+}
+
+static void
+evNowTime(struct timespec *res) {
+	struct timeval now;
+
+	if (gettimeofday(&now, NULL) < 0)
+		evConsTime(res, 0, 0);
+	else
+		TIMEVAL_TO_TIMESPEC (&now, res);
+}
+
+
+/* Options.  Leave them on. */
+/* #undef DEBUG */
+#include "res_debug.h"
+
+#define EXT(res) ((res)->_u._ext)
+
+/* Forward. */
+
+static struct sockaddr *get_nsaddr (res_state, int);
+static int		send_vc(res_state, const u_char *, int,
+				const u_char *, int,
+				u_char **, int *, int *, int, u_char **,
+				u_char **, int *, int *, int *);
+static int		send_dg(res_state, const u_char *, int,
+				const u_char *, int,
+				u_char **, int *, int *, int,
+				int *, int *, u_char **,
+				u_char **, int *, int *, int *);
+#ifdef DEBUG
+static void		Aerror(const res_state, FILE *, const char *, int,
+			       const struct sockaddr *);
+static void		Perror(const res_state, FILE *, const char *, int);
+#endif
+static int		sock_eq(struct sockaddr_in6 *, struct sockaddr_in6 *);
+
+/* Public. */
+
+/* int
+ * res_isourserver(ina)
+ *	looks up "ina" in _res.ns_addr_list[]
+ * returns:
+ *	0  : not found
+ *	>0 : found
+ * author:
+ *	paul vixie, 29may94
+ */
+int
+res_ourserver_p(const res_state statp, const struct sockaddr_in6 *inp)
+{
+	int ns;
+
+	if (inp->sin6_family == AF_INET) {
+	    struct sockaddr_in *in4p = (struct sockaddr_in *) inp;
+	    in_port_t port = in4p->sin_port;
+	    in_addr_t addr = in4p->sin_addr.s_addr;
+
+	    for (ns = 0;  ns < statp->nscount;  ns++) {
+		const struct sockaddr_in *srv =
+		    (struct sockaddr_in *) get_nsaddr (statp, ns);
+
+		if ((srv->sin_family == AF_INET) &&
+		    (srv->sin_port == port) &&
+		    (srv->sin_addr.s_addr == INADDR_ANY ||
+		     srv->sin_addr.s_addr == addr))
+		    return (1);
+	    }
+	} else if (inp->sin6_family == AF_INET6) {
+	    for (ns = 0;  ns < statp->nscount;  ns++) {
+		const struct sockaddr_in6 *srv
+		  = (struct sockaddr_in6 *) get_nsaddr (statp, ns);
+		if ((srv->sin6_family == AF_INET6) &&
+		    (srv->sin6_port == inp->sin6_port) &&
+		    !(memcmp(&srv->sin6_addr, &in6addr_any,
+			     sizeof (struct in6_addr)) &&
+		      memcmp(&srv->sin6_addr, &inp->sin6_addr,
+			     sizeof (struct in6_addr))))
+		    return (1);
+	    }
+	}
+	return (0);
+}
+
+/* int
+ * res_nameinquery(name, type, class, buf, eom)
+ *	look for (name,type,class) in the query section of packet (buf,eom)
+ * requires:
+ *	buf + HFIXEDSZ <= eom
+ * returns:
+ *	-1 : format error
+ *	0  : not found
+ *	>0 : found
+ * author:
+ *	paul vixie, 29may94
+ */
+int
+res_nameinquery(const char *name, int type, int class,
+		const u_char *buf, const u_char *eom)
+{
+	const u_char *cp = buf + HFIXEDSZ;
+	int qdcount = ntohs(((HEADER*)buf)->qdcount);
+
+	while (qdcount-- > 0) {
+		char tname[MAXDNAME+1];
+		int n, ttype, tclass;
+
+		n = dn_expand(buf, eom, cp, tname, sizeof tname);
+		if (n < 0)
+			return (-1);
+		cp += n;
+		if (cp + 2 * INT16SZ > eom)
+			return (-1);
+		NS_GET16(ttype, cp);
+		NS_GET16(tclass, cp);
+		if (ttype == type && tclass == class &&
+		    ns_samename(tname, name) == 1)
+			return (1);
+	}
+	return (0);
+}
+libresolv_hidden_def (res_nameinquery)
+
+/* int
+ * res_queriesmatch(buf1, eom1, buf2, eom2)
+ *	is there a 1:1 mapping of (name,type,class)
+ *	in (buf1,eom1) and (buf2,eom2)?
+ * returns:
+ *	-1 : format error
+ *	0  : not a 1:1 mapping
+ *	>0 : is a 1:1 mapping
+ * author:
+ *	paul vixie, 29may94
+ */
+int
+res_queriesmatch(const u_char *buf1, const u_char *eom1,
+		 const u_char *buf2, const u_char *eom2)
+{
+	if (buf1 + HFIXEDSZ > eom1 || buf2 + HFIXEDSZ > eom2)
+		return (-1);
+
+	/*
+	 * Only header section present in replies to
+	 * dynamic update packets.
+	 */
+	if ((((HEADER *)buf1)->opcode == ns_o_update) &&
+	    (((HEADER *)buf2)->opcode == ns_o_update))
+		return (1);
+
+	/* Note that we initially do not convert QDCOUNT to the host byte
+	   order.  We can compare it with the second buffer's QDCOUNT
+	   value without doing this.  */
+	int qdcount = ((HEADER*)buf1)->qdcount;
+	if (qdcount != ((HEADER*)buf2)->qdcount)
+		return (0);
+
+	qdcount = htons (qdcount);
+	const u_char *cp = buf1 + HFIXEDSZ;
+
+	while (qdcount-- > 0) {
+		char tname[MAXDNAME+1];
+		int n, ttype, tclass;
+
+		n = dn_expand(buf1, eom1, cp, tname, sizeof tname);
+		if (n < 0)
+			return (-1);
+		cp += n;
+		if (cp + 2 * INT16SZ > eom1)
+			return (-1);
+		NS_GET16(ttype, cp);
+		NS_GET16(tclass, cp);
+		if (!res_nameinquery(tname, ttype, tclass, buf2, eom2))
+			return (0);
+	}
+	return (1);
+}
+libresolv_hidden_def (res_queriesmatch)
+
+int
+__libc_res_nsend(res_state statp, const u_char *buf, int buflen,
+		 const u_char *buf2, int buflen2,
+		 u_char *ans, int anssiz, u_char **ansp, u_char **ansp2,
+		 int *nansp2, int *resplen2, int *ansp2_malloced)
+{
+  int gotsomewhere, terrno, try, v_circuit, resplen, ns, n;
+
+	if (statp->nscount == 0) {
+		__set_errno (ESRCH);
+		return (-1);
+	}
+
+	if (anssiz < (buf2 == NULL ? 1 : 2) * HFIXEDSZ) {
+		__set_errno (EINVAL);
+		return (-1);
+	}
+
+	DprintQ((statp->options & RES_DEBUG) || (statp->pfcode & RES_PRF_QUERY),
+		(stdout, ";; res_send()\n"), buf, buflen);
+	v_circuit = ((statp->options & RES_USEVC)
+		     || buflen > PACKETSZ
+		     || buflen2 > PACKETSZ);
+	gotsomewhere = 0;
+	terrno = ETIMEDOUT;
+
+	/*
+	 * If the ns_addr_list in the resolver context has changed, then
+	 * invalidate our cached copy and the associated timing data.
+	 */
+	if (EXT(statp).nscount != 0) {
+		int needclose = 0;
+
+		if (EXT(statp).nscount != statp->nscount)
+			needclose++;
+		else
+			for (ns = 0; ns < statp->nscount; ns++) {
+				if (statp->nsaddr_list[ns].sin_family != 0
+				    && !sock_eq((struct sockaddr_in6 *)
+						&statp->nsaddr_list[ns],
+						EXT(statp).nsaddrs[ns]))
+				{
+					needclose++;
+					break;
+				}
+			}
+		if (needclose) {
+			__res_iclose(statp, false);
+			EXT(statp).nscount = 0;
+		}
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * Maybe initialize our private copy of the ns_addr_list.
+	 */
+	if (EXT(statp).nscount == 0) {
+		for (ns = 0; ns < statp->nscount; ns++) {
+			EXT(statp).nssocks[ns] = -1;
+			if (statp->nsaddr_list[ns].sin_family == 0)
+				continue;
+			if (EXT(statp).nsaddrs[ns] == NULL)
+				EXT(statp).nsaddrs[ns] =
+				    malloc(sizeof (struct sockaddr_in6));
+			if (EXT(statp).nsaddrs[ns] != NULL)
+				memset (mempcpy(EXT(statp).nsaddrs[ns],
+						&statp->nsaddr_list[ns],
+						sizeof (struct sockaddr_in)),
+					'\0',
+					sizeof (struct sockaddr_in6)
+					- sizeof (struct sockaddr_in));
+		}
+		EXT(statp).nscount = statp->nscount;
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * Some resolvers want to even out the load on their nameservers.
+	 * Note that RES_BLAST overrides RES_ROTATE.
+	 */
+	if (__glibc_unlikely ((statp->options & RES_ROTATE) != 0)) {
+		struct sockaddr_in ina;
+		struct sockaddr_in6 *inp;
+		int lastns = statp->nscount - 1;
+		int fd;
+
+		inp = EXT(statp).nsaddrs[0];
+		ina = statp->nsaddr_list[0];
+		fd = EXT(statp).nssocks[0];
+		for (ns = 0; ns < lastns; ns++) {
+		    EXT(statp).nsaddrs[ns] = EXT(statp).nsaddrs[ns + 1];
+		    statp->nsaddr_list[ns] = statp->nsaddr_list[ns + 1];
+		    EXT(statp).nssocks[ns] = EXT(statp).nssocks[ns + 1];
+		}
+		EXT(statp).nsaddrs[lastns] = inp;
+		statp->nsaddr_list[lastns] = ina;
+		EXT(statp).nssocks[lastns] = fd;
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * Send request, RETRY times, or until successful.
+	 */
+	for (try = 0; try < statp->retry; try++) {
+	    for (ns = 0; ns < statp->nscount; ns++)
+	    {
+#ifdef DEBUG
+		char tmpbuf[40];
+		struct sockaddr *nsap = get_nsaddr (statp, ns);
+#endif
+
+	    same_ns:
+		Dprint(statp->options & RES_DEBUG,
+		       (stdout, ";; Querying server (# %d) address = %s\n",
+			ns + 1, inet_ntop(nsap->sa_family,
+					  (nsap->sa_family == AF_INET6
+					   ? (void *) &((struct sockaddr_in6 *) nsap)->sin6_addr
+					   : (void *) &((struct sockaddr_in *) nsap)->sin_addr),
+					  tmpbuf, sizeof (tmpbuf))));
+
+		if (__glibc_unlikely (v_circuit))       {
+			/* Use VC; at most one attempt per server. */
+			try = statp->retry;
+			n = send_vc(statp, buf, buflen, buf2, buflen2,
+				    &ans, &anssiz, &terrno,
+				    ns, ansp, ansp2, nansp2, resplen2,
+				    ansp2_malloced);
+			if (n < 0)
+				return (-1);
+			if (n == 0 && (buf2 == NULL || *resplen2 == 0))
+				goto next_ns;
+		} else {
+			/* Use datagrams. */
+			n = send_dg(statp, buf, buflen, buf2, buflen2,
+				    &ans, &anssiz, &terrno,
+				    ns, &v_circuit, &gotsomewhere, ansp,
+				    ansp2, nansp2, resplen2, ansp2_malloced);
+			if (n < 0)
+				return (-1);
+			if (n == 0 && (buf2 == NULL || *resplen2 == 0))
+				goto next_ns;
+			if (v_circuit)
+			  // XXX Check whether both requests failed or
+			  // XXX whether one has been answered successfully
+				goto same_ns;
+		}
+
+		resplen = n;
+
+		Dprint((statp->options & RES_DEBUG) ||
+		       ((statp->pfcode & RES_PRF_REPLY) &&
+			(statp->pfcode & RES_PRF_HEAD1)),
+		       (stdout, ";; got answer:\n"));
+
+		DprintQ((statp->options & RES_DEBUG) ||
+			(statp->pfcode & RES_PRF_REPLY),
+			(stdout, "%s", ""),
+			ans, (resplen > anssiz) ? anssiz : resplen);
+		if (buf2 != NULL) {
+		  DprintQ((statp->options & RES_DEBUG) ||
+			  (statp->pfcode & RES_PRF_REPLY),
+			  (stdout, "%s", ""),
+			  *ansp2, (*resplen2 > *nansp2) ? *nansp2 : *resplen2);
+		}
+
+		/*
+		 * If we have temporarily opened a virtual circuit,
+		 * or if we haven't been asked to keep a socket open,
+		 * close the socket.
+		 */
+		if ((v_circuit && (statp->options & RES_USEVC) == 0) ||
+		    (statp->options & RES_STAYOPEN) == 0) {
+			__res_iclose(statp, false);
+		}
+		return (resplen);
+ next_ns: ;
+	   } /*foreach ns*/
+	} /*foreach retry*/
+	__res_iclose(statp, false);
+	if (!v_circuit) {
+		if (!gotsomewhere)
+			__set_errno (ECONNREFUSED);	/* no nameservers found */
+		else
+			__set_errno (ETIMEDOUT);	/* no answer obtained */
+	} else
+		__set_errno (terrno);
+	return (-1);
+}
+
+int
+res_nsend(res_state statp,
+	  const u_char *buf, int buflen, u_char *ans, int anssiz)
+{
+  return __libc_res_nsend(statp, buf, buflen, NULL, 0, ans, anssiz,
+			  NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL);
+}
+libresolv_hidden_def (res_nsend)
+
+/* Private */
+
+static struct sockaddr *
+get_nsaddr (res_state statp, int n)
+{
+
+  if (statp->nsaddr_list[n].sin_family == 0 && EXT(statp).nsaddrs[n] != NULL)
+    /* EXT(statp).nsaddrs[n] holds an address that is larger than
+       struct sockaddr, and user code did not update
+       statp->nsaddr_list[n].  */
+    return (struct sockaddr *) EXT(statp).nsaddrs[n];
+  else
+    /* User code updated statp->nsaddr_list[n], or statp->nsaddr_list[n]
+       has the same content as EXT(statp).nsaddrs[n].  */
+    return (struct sockaddr *) (void *) &statp->nsaddr_list[n];
+}
+
+/* Close the resolver structure, assign zero to *RESPLEN2 if RESPLEN2
+   is not NULL, and return zero.  */
+static int
+__attribute__ ((warn_unused_result))
+close_and_return_error (res_state statp, int *resplen2)
+{
+  __res_iclose(statp, false);
+  if (resplen2 != NULL)
+    *resplen2 = 0;
+  return 0;
+}
+
+/* The send_vc function is responsible for sending a DNS query over TCP
+   to the nameserver numbered NS from the res_state STATP i.e.
+   EXT(statp).nssocks[ns].  The function supports sending both IPv4 and
+   IPv6 queries at the same serially on the same socket.
+
+   Please note that for TCP there is no way to disable sending both
+   queries, unlike UDP, which honours RES_SNGLKUP and RES_SNGLKUPREOP
+   and sends the queries serially and waits for the result after each
+   sent query.  This implementation should be corrected to honour these
+   options.
+
+   Please also note that for TCP we send both queries over the same
+   socket one after another.  This technically violates best practice
+   since the server is allowed to read the first query, respond, and
+   then close the socket (to service another client).  If the server
+   does this, then the remaining second query in the socket data buffer
+   will cause the server to send the client an RST which will arrive
+   asynchronously and the client's OS will likely tear down the socket
+   receive buffer resulting in a potentially short read and lost
+   response data.  This will force the client to retry the query again,
+   and this process may repeat until all servers and connection resets
+   are exhausted and then the query will fail.  It's not known if this
+   happens with any frequency in real DNS server implementations.  This
+   implementation should be corrected to use two sockets by default for
+   parallel queries.
+
+   The query stored in BUF of BUFLEN length is sent first followed by
+   the query stored in BUF2 of BUFLEN2 length.  Queries are sent
+   serially on the same socket.
+
+   Answers to the query are stored firstly in *ANSP up to a max of
+   *ANSSIZP bytes.  If more than *ANSSIZP bytes are needed and ANSCP
+   is non-NULL (to indicate that modifying the answer buffer is allowed)
+   then malloc is used to allocate a new response buffer and ANSCP and
+   ANSP will both point to the new buffer.  If more than *ANSSIZP bytes
+   are needed but ANSCP is NULL, then as much of the response as
+   possible is read into the buffer, but the results will be truncated.
+   When truncation happens because of a small answer buffer the DNS
+   packets header field TC will bet set to 1, indicating a truncated
+   message and the rest of the socket data will be read and discarded.
+
+   Answers to the query are stored secondly in *ANSP2 up to a max of
+   *ANSSIZP2 bytes, with the actual response length stored in
+   *RESPLEN2.  If more than *ANSSIZP bytes are needed and ANSP2
+   is non-NULL (required for a second query) then malloc is used to
+   allocate a new response buffer, *ANSSIZP2 is set to the new buffer
+   size and *ANSP2_MALLOCED is set to 1.
+
+   The ANSP2_MALLOCED argument will eventually be removed as the
+   change in buffer pointer can be used to detect the buffer has
+   changed and that the caller should use free on the new buffer.
+
+   Note that the answers may arrive in any order from the server and
+   therefore the first and second answer buffers may not correspond to
+   the first and second queries.
+
+   It is not supported to call this function with a non-NULL ANSP2
+   but a NULL ANSCP.  Put another way, you can call send_vc with a
+   single unmodifiable buffer or two modifiable buffers, but no other
+   combination is supported.
+
+   It is the caller's responsibility to free the malloc allocated
+   buffers by detecting that the pointers have changed from their
+   original values i.e. *ANSCP or *ANSP2 has changed.
+
+   If errors are encountered then *TERRNO is set to an appropriate
+   errno value and a zero result is returned for a recoverable error,
+   and a less-than zero result is returned for a non-recoverable error.
+
+   If no errors are encountered then *TERRNO is left unmodified and
+   a the length of the first response in bytes is returned.  */
+static int
+send_vc(res_state statp,
+	const u_char *buf, int buflen, const u_char *buf2, int buflen2,
+	u_char **ansp, int *anssizp,
+	int *terrno, int ns, u_char **anscp, u_char **ansp2, int *anssizp2,
+	int *resplen2, int *ansp2_malloced)
+{
+	const HEADER *hp = (HEADER *) buf;
+	const HEADER *hp2 = (HEADER *) buf2;
+	HEADER *anhp = (HEADER *) *ansp;
+	struct sockaddr *nsap = get_nsaddr (statp, ns);
+	int truncating, connreset, n;
+	/* On some architectures compiler might emit a warning indicating
+	   'resplen' may be used uninitialized.  However if buf2 == NULL
+	   then this code won't be executed; if buf2 != NULL, then first
+	   time round the loop recvresp1 and recvresp2 will be 0 so this
+	   code won't be executed but "thisresplenp = &resplen;" followed
+	   by "*thisresplenp = rlen;" will be executed so that subsequent
+	   times round the loop resplen has been initialized.  So this is
+	   a false-positive.
+	 */
+	DIAG_PUSH_NEEDS_COMMENT;
+	DIAG_IGNORE_NEEDS_COMMENT (5, "-Wmaybe-uninitialized");
+	int resplen;
+	DIAG_POP_NEEDS_COMMENT;
+	struct iovec iov[4];
+	u_short len;
+	u_short len2;
+	u_char *cp;
+
+	connreset = 0;
+ same_ns:
+	truncating = 0;
+
+	/* Are we still talking to whom we want to talk to? */
+	if (statp->_vcsock >= 0 && (statp->_flags & RES_F_VC) != 0) {
+		struct sockaddr_in6 peer;
+		socklen_t size = sizeof peer;
+
+		if (getpeername(statp->_vcsock,
+				(struct sockaddr *)&peer, &size) < 0 ||
+		    !sock_eq(&peer, (struct sockaddr_in6 *) nsap)) {
+			__res_iclose(statp, false);
+			statp->_flags &= ~RES_F_VC;
+		}
+	}
+
+	if (statp->_vcsock < 0 || (statp->_flags & RES_F_VC) == 0) {
+		if (statp->_vcsock >= 0)
+		  __res_iclose(statp, false);
+
+		statp->_vcsock = socket
+		  (nsap->sa_family, SOCK_STREAM | SOCK_CLOEXEC, 0);
+		if (statp->_vcsock < 0) {
+			*terrno = errno;
+			Perror(statp, stderr, "socket(vc)", errno);
+			if (resplen2 != NULL)
+			  *resplen2 = 0;
+			return (-1);
+		}
+		__set_errno (0);
+		if (connect(statp->_vcsock, nsap,
+			    nsap->sa_family == AF_INET
+			    ? sizeof (struct sockaddr_in)
+			    : sizeof (struct sockaddr_in6)) < 0) {
+			*terrno = errno;
+			Aerror(statp, stderr, "connect/vc", errno, nsap);
+			return close_and_return_error (statp, resplen2);
+		}
+		statp->_flags |= RES_F_VC;
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * Send length & message
+	 */
+	len = htons ((u_short) buflen);
+	evConsIovec(&len, INT16SZ, &iov[0]);
+	evConsIovec((void*)buf, buflen, &iov[1]);
+	int niov = 2;
+	ssize_t explen = INT16SZ + buflen;
+	if (buf2 != NULL) {
+		len2 = htons ((u_short) buflen2);
+		evConsIovec(&len2, INT16SZ, &iov[2]);
+		evConsIovec((void*)buf2, buflen2, &iov[3]);
+		niov = 4;
+		explen += INT16SZ + buflen2;
+	}
+	if (TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY (writev(statp->_vcsock, iov, niov)) != explen) {
+		*terrno = errno;
+		Perror(statp, stderr, "write failed", errno);
+		return close_and_return_error (statp, resplen2);
+	}
+	/*
+	 * Receive length & response
+	 */
+	int recvresp1 = 0;
+	/* Skip the second response if there is no second query.
+	   To do that we mark the second response as received.  */
+	int recvresp2 = buf2 == NULL;
+	uint16_t rlen16;
+ read_len:
+	cp = (u_char *)&rlen16;
+	len = sizeof(rlen16);
+	while ((n = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY (read(statp->_vcsock, cp,
+					     (int)len))) > 0) {
+		cp += n;
+		if ((len -= n) <= 0)
+			break;
+	}
+	if (n <= 0) {
+		*terrno = errno;
+		Perror(statp, stderr, "read failed", errno);
+		/*
+		 * A long running process might get its TCP
+		 * connection reset if the remote server was
+		 * restarted.  Requery the server instead of
+		 * trying a new one.  When there is only one
+		 * server, this means that a query might work
+		 * instead of failing.  We only allow one reset
+		 * per query to prevent looping.
+		 */
+		if (*terrno == ECONNRESET && !connreset)
+		  {
+		    __res_iclose (statp, false);
+		    connreset = 1;
+		    goto same_ns;
+		  }
+		return close_and_return_error (statp, resplen2);
+	}
+	int rlen = ntohs (rlen16);
+
+	int *thisanssizp;
+	u_char **thisansp;
+	int *thisresplenp;
+	if ((recvresp1 | recvresp2) == 0 || buf2 == NULL) {
+		/* We have not received any responses
+		   yet or we only have one response to
+		   receive.  */
+		thisanssizp = anssizp;
+		thisansp = anscp ?: ansp;
+		assert (anscp != NULL || ansp2 == NULL);
+		thisresplenp = &resplen;
+	} else {
+		thisanssizp = anssizp2;
+		thisansp = ansp2;
+		thisresplenp = resplen2;
+	}
+	anhp = (HEADER *) *thisansp;
+
+	*thisresplenp = rlen;
+	/* Is the answer buffer too small?  */
+	if (*thisanssizp < rlen) {
+		/* If the current buffer is not the the static
+		   user-supplied buffer then we can reallocate
+		   it.  */
+		if (thisansp != NULL && thisansp != ansp) {
+			/* Always allocate MAXPACKET, callers expect
+			   this specific size.  */
+			u_char *newp = malloc (MAXPACKET);
+			if (newp == NULL)
+			  {
+			    *terrno = ENOMEM;
+			    return close_and_return_error (statp, resplen2);
+			  }
+			*thisanssizp = MAXPACKET;
+			*thisansp = newp;
+			if (thisansp == ansp2)
+			  *ansp2_malloced = 1;
+			anhp = (HEADER *) newp;
+			/* A uint16_t can't be larger than MAXPACKET
+			   thus it's safe to allocate MAXPACKET but
+			   read RLEN bytes instead.  */
+			len = rlen;
+		} else {
+			Dprint(statp->options & RES_DEBUG,
+				(stdout, ";; response truncated\n")
+			);
+			truncating = 1;
+			len = *thisanssizp;
+		}
+	} else
+		len = rlen;
+
+	if (__glibc_unlikely (len < HFIXEDSZ))       {
+		/*
+		 * Undersized message.
+		 */
+		Dprint(statp->options & RES_DEBUG,
+		       (stdout, ";; undersized: %d\n", len));
+		*terrno = EMSGSIZE;
+		return close_and_return_error (statp, resplen2);
+	}
+
+	cp = *thisansp;
+	while (len != 0 && (n = read(statp->_vcsock, (char *)cp, (int)len)) > 0){
+		cp += n;
+		len -= n;
+	}
+	if (__glibc_unlikely (n <= 0))       {
+		*terrno = errno;
+		Perror(statp, stderr, "read(vc)", errno);
+		return close_and_return_error (statp, resplen2);
+	}
+	if (__glibc_unlikely (truncating))       {
+		/*
+		 * Flush rest of answer so connection stays in synch.
+		 */
+		anhp->tc = 1;
+		len = rlen - *thisanssizp;
+		while (len != 0) {
+			char junk[PACKETSZ];
+
+			n = read(statp->_vcsock, junk,
+				 (len > sizeof junk) ? sizeof junk : len);
+			if (n > 0)
+				len -= n;
+			else
+				break;
+		}
+	}
+	/*
+	 * If the calling application has bailed out of
+	 * a previous call and failed to arrange to have
+	 * the circuit closed or the server has got
+	 * itself confused, then drop the packet and
+	 * wait for the correct one.
+	 */
+	if ((recvresp1 || hp->id != anhp->id)
+	    && (recvresp2 || hp2->id != anhp->id)) {
+		DprintQ((statp->options & RES_DEBUG) ||
+			(statp->pfcode & RES_PRF_REPLY),
+			(stdout, ";; old answer (unexpected):\n"),
+			*thisansp,
+			(rlen > *thisanssizp) ? *thisanssizp: rlen);
+		goto read_len;
+	}
+
+	/* Mark which reply we received.  */
+	if (recvresp1 == 0 && hp->id == anhp->id)
+	  recvresp1 = 1;
+	else
+	  recvresp2 = 1;
+	/* Repeat waiting if we have a second answer to arrive.  */
+	if ((recvresp1 & recvresp2) == 0)
+		goto read_len;
+
+	/*
+	 * All is well, or the error is fatal.  Signal that the
+	 * next nameserver ought not be tried.
+	 */
+	return resplen;
+}
+
+static int
+reopen (res_state statp, int *terrno, int ns)
+{
+	if (EXT(statp).nssocks[ns] == -1) {
+		struct sockaddr *nsap = get_nsaddr (statp, ns);
+		socklen_t slen;
+
+		/* only try IPv6 if IPv6 NS and if not failed before */
+		if (nsap->sa_family == AF_INET6 && !statp->ipv6_unavail) {
+			EXT(statp).nssocks[ns] = socket
+			  (PF_INET6,
+			   SOCK_DGRAM | SOCK_NONBLOCK | SOCK_CLOEXEC, 0);
+			if (EXT(statp).nssocks[ns] < 0)
+			    statp->ipv6_unavail = errno == EAFNOSUPPORT;
+			slen = sizeof (struct sockaddr_in6);
+		} else if (nsap->sa_family == AF_INET) {
+			EXT(statp).nssocks[ns] = socket
+			  (PF_INET,
+			   SOCK_DGRAM | SOCK_NONBLOCK | SOCK_CLOEXEC, 0);
+			slen = sizeof (struct sockaddr_in);
+		}
+		if (EXT(statp).nssocks[ns] < 0) {
+			*terrno = errno;
+			Perror(statp, stderr, "socket(dg)", errno);
+			return (-1);
+		}
+
+		/*
+		 * On a 4.3BSD+ machine (client and server,
+		 * actually), sending to a nameserver datagram
+		 * port with no nameserver will cause an
+		 * ICMP port unreachable message to be returned.
+		 * If our datagram socket is "connected" to the
+		 * server, we get an ECONNREFUSED error on the next
+		 * socket operation, and select returns if the
+		 * error message is received.  We can thus detect
+		 * the absence of a nameserver without timing out.
+		 */
+		/* With GCC 5.3 when compiling with -Os the compiler
+		   emits a warning that slen may be used uninitialized,
+		   but that is never true.  Both slen and
+		   EXT(statp).nssocks[ns] are initialized together or
+		   the function return -1 before control flow reaches
+		   the call to connect with slen.  */
+		DIAG_PUSH_NEEDS_COMMENT;
+		DIAG_IGNORE_Os_NEEDS_COMMENT (5, "-Wmaybe-uninitialized");
+		if (connect(EXT(statp).nssocks[ns], nsap, slen) < 0) {
+		DIAG_POP_NEEDS_COMMENT;
+			Aerror(statp, stderr, "connect(dg)", errno, nsap);
+			__res_iclose(statp, false);
+			return (0);
+		}
+	}
+
+	return 1;
+}
+
+/* The send_dg function is responsible for sending a DNS query over UDP
+   to the nameserver numbered NS from the res_state STATP i.e.
+   EXT(statp).nssocks[ns].  The function supports IPv4 and IPv6 queries
+   along with the ability to send the query in parallel for both stacks
+   (default) or serially (RES_SINGLKUP).  It also supports serial lookup
+   with a close and reopen of the socket used to talk to the server
+   (RES_SNGLKUPREOP) to work around broken name servers.
+
+   The query stored in BUF of BUFLEN length is sent first followed by
+   the query stored in BUF2 of BUFLEN2 length.  Queries are sent
+   in parallel (default) or serially (RES_SINGLKUP or RES_SNGLKUPREOP).
+
+   Answers to the query are stored firstly in *ANSP up to a max of
+   *ANSSIZP bytes.  If more than *ANSSIZP bytes are needed and ANSCP
+   is non-NULL (to indicate that modifying the answer buffer is allowed)
+   then malloc is used to allocate a new response buffer and ANSCP and
+   ANSP will both point to the new buffer.  If more than *ANSSIZP bytes
+   are needed but ANSCP is NULL, then as much of the response as
+   possible is read into the buffer, but the results will be truncated.
+   When truncation happens because of a small answer buffer the DNS
+   packets header field TC will bet set to 1, indicating a truncated
+   message, while the rest of the UDP packet is discarded.
+
+   Answers to the query are stored secondly in *ANSP2 up to a max of
+   *ANSSIZP2 bytes, with the actual response length stored in
+   *RESPLEN2.  If more than *ANSSIZP bytes are needed and ANSP2
+   is non-NULL (required for a second query) then malloc is used to
+   allocate a new response buffer, *ANSSIZP2 is set to the new buffer
+   size and *ANSP2_MALLOCED is set to 1.
+
+   The ANSP2_MALLOCED argument will eventually be removed as the
+   change in buffer pointer can be used to detect the buffer has
+   changed and that the caller should use free on the new buffer.
+
+   Note that the answers may arrive in any order from the server and
+   therefore the first and second answer buffers may not correspond to
+   the first and second queries.
+
+   It is not supported to call this function with a non-NULL ANSP2
+   but a NULL ANSCP.  Put another way, you can call send_vc with a
+   single unmodifiable buffer or two modifiable buffers, but no other
+   combination is supported.
+
+   It is the caller's responsibility to free the malloc allocated
+   buffers by detecting that the pointers have changed from their
+   original values i.e. *ANSCP or *ANSP2 has changed.
+
+   If an answer is truncated because of UDP datagram DNS limits then
+   *V_CIRCUIT is set to 1 and the return value non-zero to indicate to
+   the caller to retry with TCP.  The value *GOTSOMEWHERE is set to 1
+   if any progress was made reading a response from the nameserver and
+   is used by the caller to distinguish between ECONNREFUSED and
+   ETIMEDOUT (the latter if *GOTSOMEWHERE is 1).
+
+   If errors are encountered then *TERRNO is set to an appropriate
+   errno value and a zero result is returned for a recoverable error,
+   and a less-than zero result is returned for a non-recoverable error.
+
+   If no errors are encountered then *TERRNO is left unmodified and
+   a the length of the first response in bytes is returned.  */
+static int
+send_dg(res_state statp,
+	const u_char *buf, int buflen, const u_char *buf2, int buflen2,
+	u_char **ansp, int *anssizp,
+	int *terrno, int ns, int *v_circuit, int *gotsomewhere, u_char **anscp,
+	u_char **ansp2, int *anssizp2, int *resplen2, int *ansp2_malloced)
+{
+	const HEADER *hp = (HEADER *) buf;
+	const HEADER *hp2 = (HEADER *) buf2;
+	struct timespec now, timeout, finish;
+	struct pollfd pfd[1];
+	int ptimeout;
+	struct sockaddr_in6 from;
+	int resplen = 0;
+	int n;
+
+	/*
+	 * Compute time for the total operation.
+	 */
+	int seconds = (statp->retrans << ns);
+	if (ns > 0)
+		seconds /= statp->nscount;
+	if (seconds <= 0)
+		seconds = 1;
+	bool single_request_reopen = (statp->options & RES_SNGLKUPREOP) != 0;
+	bool single_request = (((statp->options & RES_SNGLKUP) != 0)
+			       | single_request_reopen);
+	int save_gotsomewhere = *gotsomewhere;
+
+	int retval;
+ retry_reopen:
+	retval = reopen (statp, terrno, ns);
+	if (retval <= 0)
+	  {
+	    if (resplen2 != NULL)
+	      *resplen2 = 0;
+	    return retval;
+	  }
+ retry:
+	evNowTime(&now);
+	evConsTime(&timeout, seconds, 0);
+	evAddTime(&finish, &now, &timeout);
+	int need_recompute = 0;
+	int nwritten = 0;
+	int recvresp1 = 0;
+	/* Skip the second response if there is no second query.
+	   To do that we mark the second response as received.  */
+	int recvresp2 = buf2 == NULL;
+	pfd[0].fd = EXT(statp).nssocks[ns];
+	pfd[0].events = POLLOUT;
+ wait:
+	if (need_recompute) {
+	recompute_resend:
+		evNowTime(&now);
+		if (evCmpTime(finish, now) <= 0) {
+		poll_err_out:
+			Perror(statp, stderr, "poll", errno);
+			return close_and_return_error (statp, resplen2);
+		}
+		evSubTime(&timeout, &finish, &now);
+		need_recompute = 0;
+	}
+	/* Convert struct timespec in milliseconds.  */
+	ptimeout = timeout.tv_sec * 1000 + timeout.tv_nsec / 1000000;
+
+	n = 0;
+	if (nwritten == 0)
+	  n = __poll (pfd, 1, 0);
+	if (__glibc_unlikely (n == 0))       {
+		n = __poll (pfd, 1, ptimeout);
+		need_recompute = 1;
+	}
+	if (n == 0) {
+		Dprint(statp->options & RES_DEBUG, (stdout, ";; timeout\n"));
+		if (resplen > 1 && (recvresp1 || (buf2 != NULL && recvresp2)))
+		  {
+		    /* There are quite a few broken name servers out
+		       there which don't handle two outstanding
+		       requests from the same source.  There are also
+		       broken firewall settings.  If we time out after
+		       having received one answer switch to the mode
+		       where we send the second request only once we
+		       have received the first answer.  */
+		    if (!single_request)
+		      {
+			statp->options |= RES_SNGLKUP;
+			single_request = true;
+			*gotsomewhere = save_gotsomewhere;
+			goto retry;
+		      }
+		    else if (!single_request_reopen)
+		      {
+			statp->options |= RES_SNGLKUPREOP;
+			single_request_reopen = true;
+			*gotsomewhere = save_gotsomewhere;
+			__res_iclose (statp, false);
+			goto retry_reopen;
+		      }
+
+		    *resplen2 = 1;
+		    return resplen;
+		  }
+
+		*gotsomewhere = 1;
+		if (resplen2 != NULL)
+		  *resplen2 = 0;
+		return 0;
+	}
+	if (n < 0) {
+		if (errno == EINTR)
+			goto recompute_resend;
+
+		goto poll_err_out;
+	}
+	__set_errno (0);
+	if (pfd[0].revents & POLLOUT) {
+#ifndef __ASSUME_SENDMMSG
+		static int have_sendmmsg;
+#else
+# define have_sendmmsg 1
+#endif
+		if (have_sendmmsg >= 0 && nwritten == 0 && buf2 != NULL
+		    && !single_request)
+		  {
+		    struct iovec iov[2];
+		    struct mmsghdr reqs[2];
+		    reqs[0].msg_hdr.msg_name = NULL;
+		    reqs[0].msg_hdr.msg_namelen = 0;
+		    reqs[0].msg_hdr.msg_iov = &iov[0];
+		    reqs[0].msg_hdr.msg_iovlen = 1;
+		    iov[0].iov_base = (void *) buf;
+		    iov[0].iov_len = buflen;
+		    reqs[0].msg_hdr.msg_control = NULL;
+		    reqs[0].msg_hdr.msg_controllen = 0;
+
+		    reqs[1].msg_hdr.msg_name = NULL;
+		    reqs[1].msg_hdr.msg_namelen = 0;
+		    reqs[1].msg_hdr.msg_iov = &iov[1];
+		    reqs[1].msg_hdr.msg_iovlen = 1;
+		    iov[1].iov_base = (void *) buf2;
+		    iov[1].iov_len = buflen2;
+		    reqs[1].msg_hdr.msg_control = NULL;
+		    reqs[1].msg_hdr.msg_controllen = 0;
+
+		    int ndg = __sendmmsg (pfd[0].fd, reqs, 2, MSG_NOSIGNAL);
+		    if (__glibc_likely (ndg == 2))
+		      {
+			if (reqs[0].msg_len != buflen
+			    || reqs[1].msg_len != buflen2)
+			  goto fail_sendmmsg;
+
+			pfd[0].events = POLLIN;
+			nwritten += 2;
+		      }
+		    else if (ndg == 1 && reqs[0].msg_len == buflen)
+		      goto just_one;
+		    else if (ndg < 0 && (errno == EINTR || errno == EAGAIN))
+		      goto recompute_resend;
+		    else
+		      {
+#ifndef __ASSUME_SENDMMSG
+			if (__glibc_unlikely (have_sendmmsg == 0))
+			  {
+			    if (ndg < 0 && errno == ENOSYS)
+			      {
+				have_sendmmsg = -1;
+				goto try_send;
+			      }
+			    have_sendmmsg = 1;
+			  }
+#endif
+
+		      fail_sendmmsg:
+			Perror(statp, stderr, "sendmmsg", errno);
+			return close_and_return_error (statp, resplen2);
+		      }
+		  }
+		else
+		  {
+		    ssize_t sr;
+#ifndef __ASSUME_SENDMMSG
+		  try_send:
+#endif
+		    if (nwritten != 0)
+		      sr = send (pfd[0].fd, buf2, buflen2, MSG_NOSIGNAL);
+		    else
+		      sr = send (pfd[0].fd, buf, buflen, MSG_NOSIGNAL);
+
+		    if (sr != (nwritten != 0 ? buflen2 : buflen)) {
+		      if (errno == EINTR || errno == EAGAIN)
+			goto recompute_resend;
+		      Perror(statp, stderr, "send", errno);
+		      return close_and_return_error (statp, resplen2);
+		    }
+		  just_one:
+		    if (nwritten != 0 || buf2 == NULL || single_request)
+		      pfd[0].events = POLLIN;
+		    else
+		      pfd[0].events = POLLIN | POLLOUT;
+		    ++nwritten;
+		  }
+		goto wait;
+	} else if (pfd[0].revents & POLLIN) {
+		int *thisanssizp;
+		u_char **thisansp;
+		int *thisresplenp;
+
+		if ((recvresp1 | recvresp2) == 0 || buf2 == NULL) {
+			/* We have not received any responses
+			   yet or we only have one response to
+			   receive.  */
+			thisanssizp = anssizp;
+			thisansp = anscp ?: ansp;
+			assert (anscp != NULL || ansp2 == NULL);
+			thisresplenp = &resplen;
+		} else {
+			thisanssizp = anssizp2;
+			thisansp = ansp2;
+			thisresplenp = resplen2;
+		}
+
+		if (*thisanssizp < MAXPACKET
+		    /* If the current buffer is not the the static
+		       user-supplied buffer then we can reallocate
+		       it.  */
+		    && (thisansp != NULL && thisansp != ansp)
+#ifdef FIONREAD
+		    /* Is the size too small?  */
+		    && (ioctl (pfd[0].fd, FIONREAD, thisresplenp) < 0
+			|| *thisanssizp < *thisresplenp)
+#endif
+                    ) {
+			/* Always allocate MAXPACKET, callers expect
+			   this specific size.  */
+			u_char *newp = malloc (MAXPACKET);
+			if (newp != NULL) {
+				*thisanssizp = MAXPACKET;
+				*thisansp = newp;
+				if (thisansp == ansp2)
+				  *ansp2_malloced = 1;
+			}
+		}
+		/* We could end up with truncation if anscp was NULL
+		   (not allowed to change caller's buffer) and the
+		   response buffer size is too small.  This isn't a
+		   reliable way to detect truncation because the ioctl
+		   may be an inaccurate report of the UDP message size.
+		   Therefore we use this only to issue debug output.
+		   To do truncation accurately with UDP we need
+		   MSG_TRUNC which is only available on Linux.  We
+		   can abstract out the Linux-specific feature in the
+		   future to detect truncation.  */
+		if (__glibc_unlikely (*thisanssizp < *thisresplenp)) {
+			Dprint(statp->options & RES_DEBUG,
+			       (stdout, ";; response may be truncated (UDP)\n")
+			);
+		}
+
+		HEADER *anhp = (HEADER *) *thisansp;
+		socklen_t fromlen = sizeof(struct sockaddr_in6);
+		assert (sizeof(from) <= fromlen);
+		*thisresplenp = recvfrom(pfd[0].fd, (char*)*thisansp,
+					 *thisanssizp, 0,
+					(struct sockaddr *)&from, &fromlen);
+		if (__glibc_unlikely (*thisresplenp <= 0))       {
+			if (errno == EINTR || errno == EAGAIN) {
+				need_recompute = 1;
+				goto wait;
+			}
+			Perror(statp, stderr, "recvfrom", errno);
+			return close_and_return_error (statp, resplen2);
+		}
+		*gotsomewhere = 1;
+		if (__glibc_unlikely (*thisresplenp < HFIXEDSZ))       {
+			/*
+			 * Undersized message.
+			 */
+			Dprint(statp->options & RES_DEBUG,
+			       (stdout, ";; undersized: %d\n",
+				*thisresplenp));
+			*terrno = EMSGSIZE;
+			return close_and_return_error (statp, resplen2);
+		}
+		if ((recvresp1 || hp->id != anhp->id)
+		    && (recvresp2 || hp2->id != anhp->id)) {
+			/*
+			 * response from old query, ignore it.
+			 * XXX - potential security hazard could
+			 *	 be detected here.
+			 */
+			DprintQ((statp->options & RES_DEBUG) ||
+				(statp->pfcode & RES_PRF_REPLY),
+				(stdout, ";; old answer:\n"),
+				*thisansp,
+				(*thisresplenp > *thisanssizp)
+				? *thisanssizp : *thisresplenp);
+			goto wait;
+		}
+		if (!(statp->options & RES_INSECURE1) &&
+		    !res_ourserver_p(statp, &from)) {
+			/*
+			 * response from wrong server? ignore it.
+			 * XXX - potential security hazard could
+			 *	 be detected here.
+			 */
+			DprintQ((statp->options & RES_DEBUG) ||
+				(statp->pfcode & RES_PRF_REPLY),
+				(stdout, ";; not our server:\n"),
+				*thisansp,
+				(*thisresplenp > *thisanssizp)
+				? *thisanssizp : *thisresplenp);
+			goto wait;
+		}
+		if (!(statp->options & RES_INSECURE2)
+		    && (recvresp1 || !res_queriesmatch(buf, buf + buflen,
+						       *thisansp,
+						       *thisansp
+						       + *thisanssizp))
+		    && (recvresp2 || !res_queriesmatch(buf2, buf2 + buflen2,
+						       *thisansp,
+						       *thisansp
+						       + *thisanssizp))) {
+			/*
+			 * response contains wrong query? ignore it.
+			 * XXX - potential security hazard could
+			 *	 be detected here.
+			 */
+			DprintQ((statp->options & RES_DEBUG) ||
+				(statp->pfcode & RES_PRF_REPLY),
+				(stdout, ";; wrong query name:\n"),
+				*thisansp,
+				(*thisresplenp > *thisanssizp)
+				? *thisanssizp : *thisresplenp);
+			goto wait;
+		}
+		if (anhp->rcode == SERVFAIL ||
+		    anhp->rcode == NOTIMP ||
+		    anhp->rcode == REFUSED) {
+			DprintQ(statp->options & RES_DEBUG,
+				(stdout, "server rejected query:\n"),
+				*thisansp,
+				(*thisresplenp > *thisanssizp)
+				? *thisanssizp : *thisresplenp);
+
+		next_ns:
+			if (recvresp1 || (buf2 != NULL && recvresp2)) {
+			  *resplen2 = 0;
+			  return resplen;
+			}
+			if (buf2 != NULL)
+			  {
+			    /* No data from the first reply.  */
+			    resplen = 0;
+			    /* We are waiting for a possible second reply.  */
+			    if (hp->id == anhp->id)
+			      recvresp1 = 1;
+			    else
+			      recvresp2 = 1;
+
+			    goto wait;
+			  }
+
+			/* don't retry if called from dig */
+			if (!statp->pfcode)
+			  return close_and_return_error (statp, resplen2);
+			__res_iclose(statp, false);
+		}
+		if (anhp->rcode == NOERROR && anhp->ancount == 0
+		    && anhp->aa == 0 && anhp->ra == 0 && anhp->arcount == 0) {
+			DprintQ(statp->options & RES_DEBUG,
+				(stdout, "referred query:\n"),
+				*thisansp,
+				(*thisresplenp > *thisanssizp)
+				? *thisanssizp : *thisresplenp);
+			goto next_ns;
+		}
+		if (!(statp->options & RES_IGNTC) && anhp->tc) {
+			/*
+			 * To get the rest of answer,
+			 * use TCP with same server.
+			 */
+			Dprint(statp->options & RES_DEBUG,
+			       (stdout, ";; truncated answer\n"));
+			*v_circuit = 1;
+			__res_iclose(statp, false);
+			// XXX if we have received one reply we could
+			// XXX use it and not repeat it over TCP...
+			if (resplen2 != NULL)
+			  *resplen2 = 0;
+			return (1);
+		}
+		/* Mark which reply we received.  */
+		if (recvresp1 == 0 && hp->id == anhp->id)
+			recvresp1 = 1;
+		else
+			recvresp2 = 1;
+		/* Repeat waiting if we have a second answer to arrive.  */
+		if ((recvresp1 & recvresp2) == 0) {
+			if (single_request) {
+				pfd[0].events = POLLOUT;
+				if (single_request_reopen) {
+					__res_iclose (statp, false);
+					retval = reopen (statp, terrno, ns);
+					if (retval <= 0)
+					  {
+					    if (resplen2 != NULL)
+					      *resplen2 = 0;
+					    return retval;
+					  }
+					pfd[0].fd = EXT(statp).nssocks[ns];
+				}
+			}
+			goto wait;
+		}
+		/* All is well.  We have received both responses (if
+		   two responses were requested).  */
+		return (resplen);
+	} else if (pfd[0].revents & (POLLERR | POLLHUP | POLLNVAL))
+	  /* Something went wrong.  We can stop trying.  */
+	  return close_and_return_error (statp, resplen2);
+	else {
+		/* poll should not have returned > 0 in this case.  */
+		abort ();
+	}
+}
+
+#ifdef DEBUG
+static void
+Aerror(const res_state statp, FILE *file, const char *string, int error,
+       const struct sockaddr *address)
+{
+	int save = errno;
+
+	if ((statp->options & RES_DEBUG) != 0) {
+		char tmp[sizeof "xxxx.xxxx.xxxx.255.255.255.255"];
+
+		fprintf(file, "res_send: %s ([%s].%u): %s\n",
+			string,
+			(address->sa_family == AF_INET
+			 ? inet_ntop(address->sa_family,
+				     &((const struct sockaddr_in *) address)->sin_addr,
+				     tmp, sizeof tmp)
+			 : inet_ntop(address->sa_family,
+				     &((const struct sockaddr_in6 *) address)->sin6_addr,
+				     tmp, sizeof tmp)),
+			(address->sa_family == AF_INET
+			 ? ntohs(((struct sockaddr_in *) address)->sin_port)
+			 : address->sa_family == AF_INET6
+			 ? ntohs(((struct sockaddr_in6 *) address)->sin6_port)
+			 : 0),
+			strerror(error));
+	}
+	__set_errno (save);
+}
+
+static void
+Perror(const res_state statp, FILE *file, const char *string, int error) {
+	int save = errno;
+
+	if ((statp->options & RES_DEBUG) != 0)
+		fprintf(file, "res_send: %s: %s\n",
+			string, strerror(error));
+	__set_errno (save);
+}
+#endif
+
+static int
+sock_eq(struct sockaddr_in6 *a1, struct sockaddr_in6 *a2) {
+	if (a1->sin6_family == a2->sin6_family) {
+		if (a1->sin6_family == AF_INET)
+			return ((((struct sockaddr_in *)a1)->sin_port ==
+				 ((struct sockaddr_in *)a2)->sin_port) &&
+				(((struct sockaddr_in *)a1)->sin_addr.s_addr ==
+				 ((struct sockaddr_in *)a2)->sin_addr.s_addr));
+		else
+			return ((a1->sin6_port == a2->sin6_port) &&
+				!memcmp(&a1->sin6_addr, &a2->sin6_addr,
+					sizeof (struct in6_addr)));
+	}
+	if (a1->sin6_family == AF_INET) {
+		struct sockaddr_in6 *sap = a1;
+		a1 = a2;
+		a2 = sap;
+	} /* assumes that AF_INET and AF_INET6 are the only possibilities */
+	return ((a1->sin6_port == ((struct sockaddr_in *)a2)->sin_port) &&
+		IN6_IS_ADDR_V4MAPPED(&a1->sin6_addr) &&
+		(a1->sin6_addr.s6_addr32[3] ==
+		 ((struct sockaddr_in *)a2)->sin_addr.s_addr));
+}