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+/* Copyright (C) 1997-2017 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+   This file is part of the GNU C Library.
+   Contributed by Geoffrey Keating <Geoff.Keating@anu.edu.au>, 1997.
+
+   The GNU C Library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
+   modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public
+   License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
+   version 2.1 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
+
+   The GNU C Library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
+   Lesser General Public License for more details.
+
+   You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
+   License along with the GNU C Library; if not, see
+   <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.  */
+
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <math.h>
+#include <gmp.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <limits.h>
+#include <assert.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+
+#define PRINT_ERRORS 0
+
+#define TOL 80
+#define N2 18
+#define FRAC (32*4)
+
+#define mpbpl (CHAR_BIT * sizeof (mp_limb_t))
+#define SZ (FRAC / mpbpl + 1)
+typedef mp_limb_t mp1[SZ], mp2[SZ * 2];
+
+#if BITS_PER_MP_LIMB == 64
+# define LIMB64(L, H) 0x ## H ## L
+#elif BITS_PER_MP_LIMB == 32
+# define LIMB64(L, H) 0x ## L, 0x ## H
+#else
+# error
+#endif
+
+/* Once upon a time these constants were generated to 400 bits.
+   We only need FRAC bits (128) at present, but we retain 384 bits
+   in the text Just In Case.  */
+#define CONSTSZ(INT, F1, F2, F3, F4, F5, F6, F7, F8, F9, Fa, Fb, Fc) \
+	LIMB64(F4, F3), LIMB64(F2, F1), INT
+
+static const mp1 mp_exp1 = {
+  CONSTSZ (2, b7e15162, 8aed2a6a, bf715880, 9cf4f3c7, 62e7160f, 38b4da56,
+           a784d904, 5190cfef, 324e7738, 926cfbe5, f4bf8d8d, 8c31d763)
+};
+
+static const mp1 mp_log2 = {
+  CONSTSZ (0, b17217f7, d1cf79ab, c9e3b398, 03f2f6af, 40f34326, 7298b62d,
+           8a0d175b, 8baafa2b, e7b87620, 6debac98, 559552fb, 4afa1b10)
+};
+
+static void
+print_mpn_fp (const mp_limb_t *x, unsigned int dp, unsigned int base)
+{
+   static const char hexdig[16] = "0123456789abcdef";
+   unsigned int i;
+   mp1 tx;
+
+   memcpy (tx, x, sizeof (mp1));
+   if (base == 16)
+     fputs ("0x", stdout);
+   assert (x[SZ-1] < base);
+   fputc (hexdig[x[SZ - 1]], stdout);
+   fputc ('.', stdout);
+   for (i = 0; i < dp; i++)
+     {
+       tx[SZ - 1] = 0;
+       mpn_mul_1 (tx, tx, SZ, base);
+       assert (tx[SZ - 1] < base);
+       fputc (hexdig[tx[SZ - 1]], stdout);
+     }
+}
+
+/* Compute e^x.  */
+static void
+exp_mpn (mp1 ex, mp1 x)
+{
+   unsigned int n;
+   mp1 xp;
+   mp2 tmp;
+   mp_limb_t chk __attribute__ ((unused));
+   mp1 tol;
+
+   memset (xp, 0, sizeof (mp1));
+   memset (ex, 0, sizeof (mp1));
+   xp[FRAC / mpbpl] = (mp_limb_t)1 << FRAC % mpbpl;
+   memset (tol, 0, sizeof (mp1));
+   tol[(FRAC - TOL) / mpbpl] = (mp_limb_t)1 << (FRAC - TOL) % mpbpl;
+
+   n = 0;
+
+   do
+     {
+       /* Calculate sum(x^n/n!) until the next term is sufficiently small.  */
+
+       mpn_mul_n (tmp, xp, x, SZ);
+       assert(tmp[SZ * 2 - 1] == 0);
+       if (n > 0)
+	 mpn_divmod_1 (xp, tmp + FRAC / mpbpl, SZ, n);
+       chk = mpn_add_n (ex, ex, xp, SZ);
+       assert (chk == 0);
+       ++n;
+       assert (n < 80); /* Catch too-high TOL.  */
+     }
+   while (n < 10 || mpn_cmp (xp, tol, SZ) >= 0);
+}
+
+/* Calculate 2^x.  */
+static void
+exp2_mpn (mp1 ex, mp1 x)
+{
+  mp2 tmp;
+  mpn_mul_n (tmp, x, mp_log2, SZ);
+  assert(tmp[SZ * 2 - 1] == 0);
+  exp_mpn (ex, tmp + FRAC / mpbpl);
+}
+
+
+static int
+mpn_bitsize(const mp_limb_t *SRC_PTR, mp_size_t SIZE)
+{
+  int i, j;
+  for (i = SIZE - 1; i > 0; --i)
+    if (SRC_PTR[i] != 0)
+      break;
+  for (j = mpbpl - 1; j >= 0; --j)
+    if ((SRC_PTR[i] & (mp_limb_t)1 << j) != 0)
+      break;
+
+  return i * mpbpl + j;
+}
+
+static int
+do_test (void)
+{
+  mp1 ex, x, xt, e2, e3;
+  int i;
+  int errors = 0;
+  int failures = 0;
+  mp1 maxerror;
+  int maxerror_s = 0;
+  const double sf = pow (2, mpbpl);
+
+  /* assert(mpbpl == mp_bits_per_limb); */
+  assert(FRAC / mpbpl * mpbpl == FRAC);
+
+  memset (maxerror, 0, sizeof (mp1));
+  memset (xt, 0, sizeof (mp1));
+  xt[(FRAC - N2) / mpbpl] = (mp_limb_t)1 << (FRAC - N2) % mpbpl;
+
+  for (i = 0; i < (1 << N2); ++i)
+    {
+      int e2s, e3s, j;
+      double de2;
+
+      mpn_mul_1 (x, xt, SZ, i);
+      exp2_mpn (ex, x);
+      de2 = exp2 (i / (double) (1 << N2));
+      for (j = SZ - 1; j >= 0; --j)
+	{
+	  e2[j] = (mp_limb_t) de2;
+	  de2 = (de2 - e2[j]) * sf;
+	}
+      if (mpn_cmp (ex, e2, SZ) >= 0)
+	mpn_sub_n (e3, ex, e2, SZ);
+      else
+	mpn_sub_n (e3, e2, ex, SZ);
+
+      e2s = mpn_bitsize (e2, SZ);
+      e3s = mpn_bitsize (e3, SZ);
+      if (e3s >= 0 && e2s - e3s < 54)
+	{
+#if PRINT_ERRORS
+	  printf ("%06x ", i * (0x100000 / (1 << N2)));
+	  print_mpn_fp (ex, (FRAC / 4) + 1, 16);
+	  putchar ('\n');
+	  fputs ("       ",stdout);
+	  print_mpn_fp (e2, (FRAC / 4) + 1, 16);
+	  putchar ('\n');
+	  printf (" %c     ",
+		  e2s - e3s < 54 ? e2s - e3s == 53 ? 'e' : 'F' : 'P');
+	  print_mpn_fp (e3, (FRAC / 4) + 1, 16);
+	  putchar ('\n');
+#endif
+	  errors += (e2s - e3s == 53);
+	  failures += (e2s - e3s < 53);
+	}
+      if (e3s >= maxerror_s
+	  && mpn_cmp (e3, maxerror, SZ) > 0)
+	{
+	  memcpy (maxerror, e3, sizeof (mp1));
+	  maxerror_s = e3s;
+	}
+    }
+
+  /* Check exp_mpn against precomputed value of exp(1).  */
+  memset (x, 0, sizeof (mp1));
+  x[FRAC / mpbpl] = (mp_limb_t)1 << FRAC % mpbpl;
+  exp_mpn (ex, x);
+  if (mpn_cmp (ex, mp_exp1, SZ) >= 0)
+    mpn_sub_n (e3, ex, mp_exp1, SZ);
+  else
+    mpn_sub_n (e3, mp_exp1, ex, SZ);
+
+  printf ("%d failures; %d errors; error rate %0.2f%%\n", failures, errors,
+	  errors * 100.0 / (double) (1 << N2));
+  fputs ("maximum error:   ", stdout);
+  print_mpn_fp (maxerror, (FRAC / 4) + 1, 16);
+  putchar ('\n');
+  fputs ("error in exp(1): ", stdout);
+  print_mpn_fp (e3, (FRAC / 4) + 1, 16);
+  putchar ('\n');
+
+  return failures == 0 ? 0 : 1;
+}
+
+#define TIMEOUT 300
+#define TEST_FUNCTION do_test ()
+#include "../test-skeleton.c"