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Diffstat (limited to 'FAQ')
| -rw-r--r-- | FAQ | 195 |
1 files changed, 112 insertions, 83 deletions
diff --git a/FAQ b/FAQ index 73385871e8..6491b389ad 100644 --- a/FAQ +++ b/FAQ @@ -22,9 +22,9 @@ please let me know. 1.2. What compiler do I need to build GNU libc? 1.3. When I try to compile glibc I get only error messages. What's wrong? -1.4. Do I need a special linker or archiver? +1.4. Do I need a special linker or assembler? 1.5. Which compiler should I use for powerpc? -1.6. Do I need some more things to compile GNU C Library? +1.6. Do I need some more things to compile the GNU C Library? 1.7. What version of the Linux kernel headers should be used? 1.8. The compiler hangs while building iconvdata modules. What's wrong? @@ -58,38 +58,41 @@ please let me know. functions `stat', `lstat', `fstat', and `mknod' and while linking on my Linux system I get error messages. How is this supposed to work? -2.8. How can I compile gcc 2.7.2.1 from the gcc source code using +2.8. When I run an executable on one system which I compiled on + another, I get dynamic linker errors. Both systems have the same + version of glibc installed. What's wrong? +2.9. How can I compile gcc 2.7.2.1 from the gcc source code using glibc 2.x? -2.9. The `gencat' utility cannot process the catalog sources which +2.10. The `gencat' utility cannot process the catalog sources which were used on my Linux libc5 based system. Why? -2.10. Programs using libc have their messages translated, but other +2.11. Programs using libc have their messages translated, but other behavior is not localized (e.g. collating order); why? -2.11. I have set up /etc/nis.conf, and the Linux libc 5 with NYS +2.12. I have set up /etc/nis.conf, and the Linux libc 5 with NYS works great. But the glibc NIS+ doesn't seem to work. -2.12. I have killed ypbind to stop using NIS, but glibc +2.13. I have killed ypbind to stop using NIS, but glibc continues using NIS. -2.13. Under Linux/Alpha, I always get "do_ypcall: clnt_call: +2.14. Under Linux/Alpha, I always get "do_ypcall: clnt_call: RPC: Unable to receive; errno = Connection refused" when using NIS. -2.14. After installing glibc name resolving doesn't work properly. -2.15. How do I create the databases for NSS? -2.16. I have /usr/include/net and /usr/include/scsi as symlinks +2.15. After installing glibc name resolving doesn't work properly. +2.16. How do I create the databases for NSS? +2.17. I have /usr/include/net and /usr/include/scsi as symlinks into my Linux source tree. Is that wrong? -2.17. Programs like `logname', `top', `uptime' `users', `w' and +2.18. Programs like `logname', `top', `uptime' `users', `w' and `who', show incorrect information about the (number of) users on my system. Why? -2.18. After upgrading to glibc 2.1 with symbol versioning I get +2.19. After upgrading to glibc 2.1 with symbol versioning I get errors about undefined symbols. What went wrong? -2.19. When I start the program XXX after upgrading the library +2.20. When I start the program XXX after upgrading the library I get XXX: Symbol `_sys_errlist' has different size in shared object, consider re-linking Why? What should I do? -2.20. What do I need for C++ development? -2.21. Even statically linked programs need some shared libraries +2.21. What do I need for C++ development? +2.22. Even statically linked programs need some shared libraries which is not acceptable for me. What can I do? -2.22. I just upgraded my Linux system to glibc and now I get +2.23. I just upgraded my Linux system to glibc and now I get errors whenever I try to link any program. -2.23. When I use nscd the machine freezes. +2.24. When I use nscd the machine freezes. 3. Source and binary incompatibilities, and what to do about them @@ -188,6 +191,9 @@ may not have all the features GNU libc requires. The current releases of egcs (1.0.3 and 1.1) and GNU CC (2.8.1) should work with the GNU C library (for powerpc see question question 1.5). +{ZW} You may have problems if you try to mix code compiled with +EGCS and with GCC 2.8.1. See question 2.8 for details. + 1.3. When I try to compile glibc I get only error messages. What's wrong? @@ -195,32 +201,27 @@ egcs (1.0.3 and 1.1) and GNU CC (2.8.1) should work with the GNU C library {UD} You definitely need GNU make to translate GNU libc. No other make program has the needed functionality. -We recommend version GNU make version 3.75. Versions 3.76 and 3.76.1 have -bugs which appear when building big projects like GNU libc. Versions before -3.74 have bugs and/or are missing features. - - -1.4. Do I need a special linker or archiver? +We recommend version GNU make version 3.75 or 3.77. Versions before 3.75 +have bugs and/or are missing features. Version 3.76 has bugs which +appear when building big projects like GNU libc. 3.76.1 appears to work but +some people have reported problems. -{UD} You may be able to use your system linker, but GNU libc works best with -GNU binutils. -On systems where the native linker does not support weak symbols you will -not get a fully ISO C compliant C library. Generally speaking you should -use the GNU binutils if they provide at least the same functionality as your -system's tools. +1.4. Do I need a special linker or assembler? -Always get the newest release of GNU binutils available. Older releases are -known to have bugs that prevent a successful compilation. +{ZW} If you want a shared library, you need a linker and assembler that +understand all the features of ELF, including weak and versioned symbols. +The static library can be compiled with less featureful tools, but lacks key +features such as NSS. -{AJ} Please don't use binutils 2.7. That release contains some bugs which -might make it necessary that you've got to recompile all your glibc2 -binaries when upgrading the GNU C library. +For Linux or Hurd, you want binutils 2.8.1.0.23, 2.9.1, or 2.9.1.0.15 or +higher. These are the only versions we've tested and found reliable. Other +versions after 2.8.1.0.23 may work but we don't recommend them, especially +not when C++ is involved. Earlier versions do not work at all. -{ZW} As of release 2.1 a linker supporting symbol versions is required. For -Linux, get binutils-2.8.1.0.23 or later. Other systems may have native -linker support, but it's moot right now, because glibc has not been ported -to them. +Other operating systems may come with system tools that have all the +necessary features, but this is moot because glibc hasn't been ported to +them. 1.5. Which compiler should I use for powerpc? @@ -237,7 +238,7 @@ variables. There is a temporary patch at: Later versions of egcs may fix this problem. -1.6. Do I need some more things to compile GNU C Library? +1.6. Do I need some more things to compile the GNU C Library? {UD} Yes, there are some more :-). @@ -247,15 +248,15 @@ Later versions of egcs may fix this problem. site. (We distribute compiled message catalogs, but they may not be updated in patches.) -* Some files depend on special tools. E.g., files ending in .gperf - need a `gperf' program. The GNU version (part of libg++) is known - to work while some vendor versions do not. +* Some files are built with special tools. E.g., files ending in .gperf + need a `gperf' program. The GNU version (now available in a separate + package, formerly only as part of libg++) is known to work while some + vendor versions do not. You should not need these tools unless you change the source files. -* Some scripts need perl5 - but at the moment those scripts are not - vital for building and installing GNU libc (some data files will not - be created). +* Perl 5 is needed if you wish to test an installation of GNU libc + as the primary C library. * When compiling for Linux, the header files of the Linux kernel must be available to the compiler as <linux/*.h> and <asm/*.h>. @@ -298,7 +299,7 @@ recompile libc if you ever upgrade to kernel 2.1 or 2.2. To tell libc which headers to use, give configure the --with-headers switch (e.g. --with-headers=/usr/src/linux-2.1.107/include). -Note that you must configure the 2.1 kernel if you do this; otherwise libc +Note that you must configure the 2.1 kernel if you do this, otherwise libc will be unable to find <linux/version.h>. Just copy .config from your 2.0 kernel sources to the 2.1 tree, do `make oldconfig', and say no to all the new options. @@ -307,8 +308,9 @@ new options. 1.8. The compiler hangs while building iconvdata modules. What's wrong? -{ZW} This is a problem of older GCC. Initialization of large static arrays -is very slow. The compiler will eventually finish; give it time. +{ZW} This is a problem with old versions of GCC. Initialization of large +static arrays is very slow. The compiler will eventually finish; give it +time. The problem is fixed in egcs 1.1 but not in earlier releases. @@ -675,7 +677,36 @@ not a symlink to libc.so.6. It should look something like this: GROUP ( libc.so.6 libc_nonshared.a ) -2.8. How can I compile gcc 2.7.2.1 from the gcc source code using +2.8. When I run an executable on one system which I compiled on + another, I get dynamic linker errors. Both systems have the same + version of glibc installed. What's wrong? + +{ZW} Glibc on one of these systems was compiled with gcc 2.7 or 2.8, the +other with egcs (any version). Egcs has functions in its internal +`libgcc.a' to support exception handling with C++. They are linked into +any program or dynamic library compiled with egcs, whether it needs them or +not. Dynamic libraries then turn around and export those functions again +unless special steps are taken to prevent them. + +When you link your program, it resolves its references to the exception +functions to the ones exported accidentally by libc.so. That works fine as +long as libc has those functions. On the other system, libc doesn't have +those functions because it was compiled by gcc 2.8, and you get undefined +symbol errors. The symbols in question are named things like +`__register_frame_info'. + +For glibc 2.0, the workaround is to not compile libc with egcs. We've also +incorporated a patch which should prevent the EH functions sneaking into +libc. It doesn't matter what compiler you use to compile your program. + +For glibc 2.1, we've chosen to do it the other way around: libc.so +explicitly provides the EH functions. This is to prevent other shared +libraries from doing it. You must therefore compile glibc 2.1 with EGCS +unless you don't care about ever importing binaries from other systems. +Again, it doesn't matter what compiler you use for your programs. + + +2.9. How can I compile gcc 2.7.2.1 from the gcc source code using glibc 2.x? {AJ} There's only correct support for glibc 2.0.x in gcc 2.7.2.3 or later. @@ -683,7 +714,7 @@ But you should get at least gcc 2.8.1 or egcs 1.0.2 (or later versions) instead. -2.9. The `gencat' utility cannot process the catalog sources which +2.10. The `gencat' utility cannot process the catalog sources which were used on my Linux libc5 based system. Why? {UD} The `gencat' utility provided with glibc complies to the XPG standard. @@ -718,7 +749,7 @@ files to the XPG4 form: ----------------------------------------------------------------------- -2.10. Programs using libc have their messages translated, but other +2.11. Programs using libc have their messages translated, but other behavior is not localized (e.g. collating order); why? {ZW} Translated messages are automatically installed, but the locale @@ -731,7 +762,7 @@ set up the French Canadian locale, simply issue the command Please see localedata/README in the source tree for further details. -2.11. I have set up /etc/nis.conf, and the Linux libc 5 with NYS +2.12. I have set up /etc/nis.conf, and the Linux libc 5 with NYS works great. But the glibc NIS+ doesn't seem to work. {TK} The glibc NIS+ implementation uses a /var/nis/NIS_COLD_START file for @@ -744,7 +775,7 @@ package; available at http://www-vt.uni-paderborn.de/~kukuk/linux/nisplus.html -2.12. I have killed ypbind to stop using NIS, but glibc +2.13. I have killed ypbind to stop using NIS, but glibc continues using NIS. {TK} For faster NIS lookups, glibc uses the /var/yp/binding/ files from @@ -755,7 +786,7 @@ Until ypbind 3.4 is released, you can find a patch at ftp://ftp.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/net/NIS/ypbind-3.3-glibc4.diff.gz -2.13. Under Linux/Alpha, I always get "do_ypcall: clnt_call: +2.14. Under Linux/Alpha, I always get "do_ypcall: clnt_call: RPC: Unable to receive; errno = Connection refused" when using NIS. {TK} You need a ypbind version which is 64bit clean. Some versions are not @@ -764,14 +795,14 @@ you need the patch from ftp.kernel.org (See the previous question). I don't know about other versions. -2.14. After installing glibc name resolving doesn't work properly. +2.15. After installing glibc name resolving doesn't work properly. {AJ} You probably should read the manual section describing nsswitch.conf (just type `info libc "NSS Configuration File"'). The NSS configuration file is usually the culprit. -2.15. How do I create the databases for NSS? +2.16. How do I create the databases for NSS? {AJ} If you have an entry "db" in /etc/nsswitch.conf you should also create the database files. The glibc sources contain a Makefile which does the @@ -782,7 +813,7 @@ database. Currently passwd, group, ethers, protocol, rpc, services shadow and netgroup are implemented. -2.16. I have /usr/include/net and /usr/include/scsi as symlinks +2.17. I have /usr/include/net and /usr/include/scsi as symlinks into my Linux source tree. Is that wrong? {PB} This was necessary for libc5, but is not correct when using glibc. @@ -793,14 +824,14 @@ in place before you install glibc. However, /usr/include/asm and /usr/include/linux should remain as they were. -2.17. Programs like `logname', `top', `uptime' `users', `w' and +2.18. Programs like `logname', `top', `uptime' `users', `w' and `who', show incorrect information about the (number of) users on my system. Why? {MK} See question 3.2. -2.18. After upgrading to glibc 2.1 with symbol versioning I get +2.19. After upgrading to glibc 2.1 with symbol versioning I get errors about undefined symbols. What went wrong? {AJ} The problem is caused either by wrong program code or tools. In the @@ -814,7 +845,7 @@ price you might have to pay once for quite a number of advantages with symbol versioning. -2.19. When I start the program XXX after upgrading the library +2.20. When I start the program XXX after upgrading the library I get XXX: Symbol `_sys_errlist' has different size in shared object, consider re-linking @@ -836,26 +867,26 @@ be possible that a symbol changed size when that should not have happened. So in case of doubt report such a warning message as a problem. -2.20. What do I need for C++ development? +2.21. What do I need for C++ development? + +{HJ,AJ} You need either egcs 1.1 which comes directly with libstdc++ or +gcc-2.8.1 together with libstdc++ 2.8.1.1. egcs 1.1 has the better C++ +support and works directly with glibc 2.1. If you use gcc-2.8.1 with +libstdc++ 2.8.1.1, you need to modify libstdc++ a bit. A patch is available +as: + ftp://alpha.gnu.org/gnu/libstdc++-2.8.1.1-glibc2.1-diff.gz -{HJ,AJ} You need either egcs 1.1 which comes directly with libstdc++ or -gcc-2.8.1 together with libstdc++ 2.8.1.1. egcs 1.1 has the better C++ -support and works directly with glibc 2.1. If you use gcc-2.8.1 with -libstdc++ 2.8.1.1, you need to modify libstdc++ a bit. A patch is available -as: - ftp://alpha.gnu.org/gnu/libstdc++-2.8.1.1-glibc2.1-diff.gz - -Please note that libg++ 2.7.2 (and the Linux Versions 2.7.2.x) doesn't work -very well with the GNU C library due to vtable thunks. If you're upgrading -from glibc 2.0.x to 2.1 you have to recompile libstdc++ since the library -compiled for 2.0 is not compatible due to the new Large File Support (LFS) -in version 2.1. +Please note that libg++ 2.7.2 (and the Linux Versions 2.7.2.x) doesn't work +very well with the GNU C library due to vtable thunks. If you're upgrading +from glibc 2.0.x to 2.1 you have to recompile libstdc++ since the library +compiled for 2.0 is not compatible due to the new Large File Support (LFS) +in version 2.1. {UD} But since in the case of a shared libstdc++ the version numbers should be different existing programs will continue to work. -2.21. Even statically linked programs need some shared libraries +2.22. Even statically linked programs need some shared libraries which is not acceptable for me. What can I do? {AJ} NSS (for details just type `info libc "Name Service Switch"') won't @@ -882,7 +913,7 @@ option is using NSS. There is no switch anymore. Therefore it is the behaviour of the programs on the system inconsistent. -2.22. I just upgraded my Linux system to glibc and now I get +2.23. I just upgraded my Linux system to glibc and now I get errors whenever I try to link any program. {ZW} This happens when you have installed glibc as the primary C library but @@ -901,15 +932,13 @@ detect these situations. If the script reports problems, something is really screwed up. -2.23. When I use nscd the machine freezes. +2.24. When I use nscd the machine freezes. -{UD} It is well known that you cannot use nscd with Linux 2.0.*. There -is functionality missing in the kernel and work-arounds are not suitable. -Beside this some parts of the kernel are too buggy when it comes to using -threads. +{UD} You cannot use nscd with Linux 2.0.*. There is functionality missing +in the kernel and work-arounds are not suitable. Besides, some parts of the +kernel are too buggy when it comes to using threads. -So you have the possibilities to run Linux 2.0.* or update to a higher -version and start using nscd. +If you need nscd, you have to use a 2.1 kernel. Note that I have at this point no information about any other platform. |