.

1 files changed, 107 insertions, 147 deletions

diff --git a/timezone/europe b/timezone/europe
index b3a3b269d3..54146d7400 100644
--- a/timezone/europe
+++ b/timezone/europe
@@ -1,14 +1,14 @@
-# @(#)europe	8.6
+# @(#)europe	8.1
 # <pre>
 
 # This data is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better,
 # go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to
 # tz@elsie.nci.nih.gov for general use in the future).
 
-# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
+# From Paul Eggert (1999-10-29):
 # A good source for time zone historical data outside the U.S. is
-# Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition),
-# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003).
+# Thomas G. Shanks, The International Atlas (5th edition),
+# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (1999).
 #
 # Gwillim Law writes that a good source
 # for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport
@@ -16,8 +16,8 @@
 # published semiannually.  Law sent in several helpful summaries
 # of the IATA's data after 1990.
 #
-# Except where otherwise noted, Shanks & Pottenger is the source for
-# entries through 1991, and IATA SSIM is the source for entries afterwards.
+# Except where otherwise noted, Shanks is the source for entries through 1991,
+# and IATA SSIM is the source for entries afterwards.
 #
 # Other sources occasionally used include:
 #
@@ -221,12 +221,11 @@
 # (Lords Hansard 11 June 1997 columns 964 to 976)
 # </a>.
 
-# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
+# From Paul Eggert (2001-07-18):
 #
-# For lack of other data, follow Shanks & Pottenger for Eire in 1940-1948.
+# For lack of other data, we'll follow Shanks for Eire in 1940-1948.
 #
-# Given Ilieve and Myers's data, the following claims by Shanks & Pottenger
-# are incorrect:
+# Given Ilieve and Myers's data, the following claims by Shanks are incorrect:
 #     * Wales did not switch from GMT to daylight saving time until
 #	1921 Apr 3, when they began to conform with the rest of Great Britain.
 # Actually, Wales was identical after 1880.
@@ -238,19 +237,18 @@
 # Actually, that date saw the usual switch to summer time.
 # Standard time was not changed until 1968-10-27 (the clocks didn't change).
 #
-# Here is another incorrect claim by Shanks & Pottenger:
+# Here is another incorrect claim by Shanks:
 #     * Jersey, Guernsey, and the Isle of Man did not switch from GMT
 #	to daylight saving time until 1921 Apr 3, when they began to
 #	conform with Great Britain.
 # S.R.&O. 1916, No. 382 and HO 45/10811/312364 (quoted above) say otherwise.
 #
-# The following claim by Shanks & Pottenger is possible though doubtful;
+# The following claim by Shanks is possible though doubtful;
 # we'll ignore it for now.
 #     * Dublin's 1971-10-31 switch was at 02:00, even though London's was 03:00.
 #
 #
-# Whitman says Dublin Mean Time was -0:25:21, which is more precise than
-# Shanks & Pottenger.
+# Whitman says Dublin Mean Time was -0:25:21, which is more precise than Shanks.
 # Perhaps this was Dunsink Observatory Time, as Dunsink Observatory
 # (8 km NW of Dublin's center) seemingly was to Dublin as Greenwich was
 # to London.  For example:
@@ -420,14 +418,11 @@ Rule	GB-Eire 1990	1995	-	Oct	Sun>=22	1:00u	0	GMT
 # See EU for rules starting in 1996.
 
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone	Europe/London	-0:01:15 -	LMT	1847 Dec  1 0:00s
+Zone	Europe/London	-0:01:15 -	LMT	1847 Dec  1
 			 0:00	GB-Eire	%s	1968 Oct 27
 			 1:00	-	BST	1971 Oct 31 2:00u
 			 0:00	GB-Eire	%s	1996
 			 0:00	EU	GMT/BST
-Link	Europe/London	Europe/Jersey
-Link	Europe/London	Europe/Guernsey
-Link	Europe/London	Europe/Isle_of_Man
 Zone	Europe/Dublin	-0:25:00 -	LMT	1880 Aug  2
 			-0:25:21 -	DMT	1916 May 21 2:00
 			-0:25:21 1:00	IST	1916 Oct  1 2:00s
@@ -481,7 +476,7 @@ Rule	C-Eur	1942	only	-	Nov	 2	 2:00s	0	-
 Rule	C-Eur	1943	only	-	Mar	29	 2:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	C-Eur	1943	only	-	Oct	 4	 2:00s	0	-
 Rule	C-Eur	1944	only	-	Apr	 3	 2:00s	1:00	S
-# Whitman gives 1944 Oct 7; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
+# Whitman gives 1944 Oct 7; go with Shanks.
 Rule	C-Eur	1944	only	-	Oct	 2	 2:00s	0	-
 Rule	C-Eur	1977	1980	-	Apr	Sun>=1	 2:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	C-Eur	1977	only	-	Sep	lastSun	 2:00s	0	-
@@ -601,12 +596,12 @@ Zone	Europe/Andorra	0:06:04 -	LMT	1901
 
 # Austria
 
-# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): Shanks & Pottenger give 1918-06-16 and
+# From Paul Eggert (2003-02-28): Shanks gives 1918-06-16 and
 # 1945-11-18, but the Austrian Federal Office of Metrology and
 # Surveying (BEV) gives 1918-09-16 and for Vienna gives the "alleged"
 # date of 1945-04-12 with no time.  For the 1980-04-06 transition
-# Shanks & Pottenger give 02:00, the BEV 00:00.  Go with the BEV,
-# and guess 02:00 for 1945-04-12.
+# Shanks gives 02:00, the BEV 00:00.  Go with the BEV, and guess 02:00
+# for 1945-04-12.
 
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	Austria	1920	only	-	Apr	 5	2:00s	1:00	S
@@ -706,7 +701,7 @@ Zone	Europe/Brussels	0:17:30 -	LMT	1880
 			1:00	EU	CE%sT
 
 # Bosnia and Herzegovina
-# see Serbia
+# see Serbia and Montenegro
 
 # Bulgaria
 #
@@ -718,7 +713,7 @@ Zone	Europe/Brussels	0:17:30 -	LMT	1880
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	Bulg	1979	only	-	Mar	31	23:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Bulg	1979	only	-	Oct	 1	 1:00	0	-
-Rule	Bulg	1980	1982	-	Apr	Sat>=1	23:00	1:00	S
+Rule	Bulg	1980	1982	-	Apr	Sat<=7	23:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Bulg	1980	only	-	Sep	29	 1:00	0	-
 Rule	Bulg	1981	only	-	Sep	27	 2:00	0	-
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
@@ -733,7 +728,7 @@ Zone	Europe/Sofia	1:33:16 -	LMT	1880
 			2:00	EU	EE%sT
 
 # Croatia
-# see Serbia
+# see Serbia and Montenegro
 
 # Cyprus
 # Please see the `asia' file for Asia/Nicosia.
@@ -818,10 +813,10 @@ Zone Atlantic/Faeroe	-0:27:04 -	LMT	1908 Jan 11	# Torshavn
 # East Greenland and Franz Josef Land, but we don't know their time zones.
 # My source for this is Wilhelm Dege's book mentioned under Svalbard.
 #
-# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
+# From Paul Eggert (1996-11-22):
 # Greenland joined the EU as part of Denmark, obtained home rule on 1979-05-01,
 # and left the EU on 1985-02-01.  It therefore should have been using EU
-# rules at least through 1984.  Shanks & Pottenger say Scoresbysund and Godthab
+# rules at least through 1984.  Shanks says Scoresbysund and Godthab
 # used C-Eur rules after 1980, but IATA SSIM (1991/1996) says they use EU
 # rules since at least 1991.  Assume EU rules since 1980.
 
@@ -876,28 +871,24 @@ Zone Atlantic/Faeroe	-0:27:04 -	LMT	1908 Jan 11	# Torshavn
 # I heard back from someone stationed at Thule; the time change took place
 # there at 2:00 AM.
 
-# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
-# From 1997 on the CIA map shows Danmarkshavn on GMT;
-# the 1995 map as like Godthab.
+# From Paul Eggert (2001-11-19):
+# The 1997 CIA map shows Danmarkshavn on GMT; the 1995 map as like Godthab.
 # For lack of better info, assume they were like Godthab before 1996.
 # startkart.no says Thule does not observe DST, but this is clearly an error,
-# so go with Shanks & Pottenger for Thule transitions until this year.
-# For 2007 on assume Thule will stay in sync with US DST rules.
+# so go with Shanks for all Thule transitions.
 #
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	Thule	1991	1992	-	Mar	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Thule	1991	1992	-	Sep	lastSun	2:00	0	S
-Rule	Thule	1993	2006	-	Apr	Sun>=1	2:00	1:00	D
-Rule	Thule	1993	2006	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	0	S
-Rule	Thule	2007	max	-	Mar	Sun>=8	2:00	1:00	D
-Rule	Thule	2007	max	-	Nov	Sun>=1	2:00	0	S
+Rule	Thule	1993	max	-	Apr	Sun>=1	2:00	1:00	D
+Rule	Thule	1993	max	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	0	S
 #
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone America/Danmarkshavn -1:14:40 -	LMT	1916 Jul 28
 			-3:00	-	WGT	1980 Apr  6 2:00
 			-3:00	EU	WG%sT	1996
 			0:00	-	GMT
-Zone America/Scoresbysund -1:27:52 -	LMT	1916 Jul 28 # Ittoqqortoormiit
+Zone America/Scoresbysund -1:29:00 -	LMT	1916 Jul 28 # Ittoqqortoormiit
 			-2:00	-	CGT	1980 Apr  6 2:00
 			-2:00	C-Eur	CG%sT	1981 Mar 29
 			-1:00	EU	EG%sT
@@ -972,13 +963,13 @@ Zone	Europe/Tallinn	1:39:00	-	LMT	1880
 
 # Finland
 #
-# From Hannu Strang (1994-09-25 06:03:37 UTC):
+# From Hannu Strang (25 Sep 1994 06:03:37 UTC):
 # Well, here in Helsinki we're just changing from summer time to regular one,
 # and it's supposed to change at 4am...
 #
-# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
-# Shanks & Pottenger say Finland has switched at 02:00 standard time
-# since 1981.  Go with Strang instead.
+# From Paul Eggert (25 Sep 1994):
+# Shanks says Finland has switched at 02:00 standard time since 1981.
+# Go with Strang instead.
 #
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	Finland	1942	only	-	Apr	3	0:00	1:00	S
@@ -1008,7 +999,7 @@ Link	Europe/Helsinki	Europe/Mariehamn
 
 
 #
-# Shank & Pottenger seem to use `24:00' ambiguously; resolve it with Whitman.
+# Shanks seems to use `24:00' ambiguously; we resolve it with Whitman.
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	France	1916	only	-	Jun	14	23:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	France	1916	1919	-	Oct	Sun>=1	23:00s	0	-
@@ -1022,7 +1013,7 @@ Rule	France	1921	only	-	Oct	25	23:00s	0	-
 Rule	France	1922	only	-	Mar	25	23:00s	1:00	S
 # DSH writes that a law of 1923-05-24 specified 3rd Sat in Apr at 23:00 to 1st
 # Sat in Oct at 24:00; and that in 1930, because of Easter, the transitions
-# were Apr 12 and Oct 5.  Go with Shanks & Pottenger.
+# were Apr 12 and Oct 5.  Go with Shanks.
 Rule	France	1922	1938	-	Oct	Sat>=1	23:00s	0	-
 Rule	France	1923	only	-	May	26	23:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	France	1924	only	-	Mar	29	23:00s	1:00	S
@@ -1043,8 +1034,8 @@ Rule	France	1938	only	-	Mar	26	23:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	France	1939	only	-	Apr	15	23:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	France	1939	only	-	Nov	18	23:00s	0	-
 Rule	France	1940	only	-	Feb	25	 2:00	1:00	S
-# The French rules for 1941-1944 were not used in Paris, but Shanks & Pottenger
-# write that they were used in Monaco and in many French locations.
+# The French rules for 1941-1944 were not used in Paris, but Shanks writes
+# that they were used in Monaco and in many French locations.
 # Le Corre writes that the upper limit of the free zone was Arneguy, Orthez,
 # Mont-de-Marsan, Bazas, Langon, Lamotte-Montravel, Marouil, La
 # Rochefoucault, Champagne-Mouton, La Roche-Posay, La Haye-Decartes,
@@ -1052,7 +1043,7 @@ Rule	France	1940	only	-	Feb	25	 2:00	1:00	S
 # Paray-le-Monial, Montceau-les-Mines, Chalons-sur-Saone, Arbois,
 # Dole, Morez, St-Claude, and Collognes (Haute-Savioe).
 Rule	France	1941	only	-	May	 5	 0:00	2:00	M # Midsummer
-# Shanks & Pottenger say this transition occurred at Oct 6 1:00,
+# Shanks says this transition occurred at Oct 6 1:00,
 # but go with Denis Excoffier (1997-12-12),
 # who quotes the Ephemerides Astronomiques for 1998 from Bureau des Longitudes
 # as saying 5/10/41 22hUT.
@@ -1065,21 +1056,21 @@ Rule	France	1944	only	-	Apr	 3	 2:00	2:00	M
 Rule	France	1944	only	-	Oct	 8	 1:00	1:00	S
 Rule	France	1945	only	-	Apr	 2	 2:00	2:00	M
 Rule	France	1945	only	-	Sep	16	 3:00	0	-
-# Shanks & Pottenger give Mar 28 2:00 and Sep 26 3:00;
+# Shanks gives Mar 28 2:00 and Sep 26 3:00;
 # go with Excoffier's 28/3/76 0hUT and 25/9/76 23hUT.
 Rule	France	1976	only	-	Mar	28	 1:00	1:00	S
 Rule	France	1976	only	-	Sep	26	 1:00	0	-
-# Shanks & Pottenger give 0:09:20 for Paris Mean Time, and Whitman 0:09:05,
+# Shanks gives 0:09 for Paris Mean Time, and Whitman gives 0:09:05,
 # but Howse quotes the actual French legislation as saying 0:09:21.
 # Go with Howse.  Howse writes that the time in France was officially based
 # on PMT-0:09:21 until 1978-08-09, when the time base finally switched to UTC.
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Europe/Paris	0:09:21 -	LMT	1891 Mar 15  0:01
 			0:09:21	-	PMT	1911 Mar 11  0:01  # Paris MT
-# Shanks & Pottenger give 1940 Jun 14 0:00; go with Excoffier and Le Corre.
+# Shanks gives 1940 Jun 14 0:00; go with Excoffier and Le Corre.
 			0:00	France	WE%sT	1940 Jun 14 23:00
 # Le Corre says Paris stuck with occupied-France time after the liberation;
-# go with Shanks & Pottenger.
+# go with Shanks.
 			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1944 Aug 25
 			0:00	France	WE%sT	1945 Sep 16  3:00
 			1:00	France	CE%sT	1977
@@ -1130,23 +1121,23 @@ Zone	Europe/Berlin	0:53:28 -	LMT	1893 Apr
 
 # Gibraltar
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone Europe/Gibraltar	-0:21:24 -	LMT	1880 Aug  2 0:00s
+Zone Europe/Gibraltar	-0:21:24 -	LMT	1880 Aug  2
 			0:00	GB-Eire	%s	1957 Apr 14 2:00
 			1:00	-	CET	1982
 			1:00	EU	CE%sT
 
 # Greece
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
-# Whitman gives 1932 Jul 5 - Nov 1; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
+# Whitman gives 1932 Jul 5 - Nov 1; go with Shanks.
 Rule	Greece	1932	only	-	Jul	 7	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Greece	1932	only	-	Sep	 1	0:00	0	-
-# Whitman gives 1941 Apr 25 - ?; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
+# Whitman gives 1941 Apr 25 - ?; go with Shanks.
 Rule	Greece	1941	only	-	Apr	 7	0:00	1:00	S
-# Whitman gives 1942 Feb 2 - ?; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
+# Whitman gives 1942 Feb 2 - ?; go with Shanks.
 Rule	Greece	1942	only	-	Nov	 2	3:00	0	-
 Rule	Greece	1943	only	-	Mar	30	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Greece	1943	only	-	Oct	 4	0:00	0	-
-# Whitman gives 1944 Oct 3 - Oct 31; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
+# Whitman gives 1944 Oct 3 - Oct 31; go with Shanks.
 Rule	Greece	1952	only	-	Jul	 1	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Greece	1952	only	-	Nov	 2	0:00	0	-
 Rule	Greece	1975	only	-	Apr	12	0:00s	1:00	S
@@ -1166,7 +1157,7 @@ Zone	Europe/Athens	1:34:52 -	LMT	1895 Sep 14
 			2:00	Greece	EE%sT	1941 Apr 30
 			1:00	Greece	CE%sT	1944 Apr  4
 			2:00	Greece	EE%sT	1981
-			# Shanks & Pottenger say it switched to C-Eur in 1981;
+			# Shanks says they switched to C-Eur in 1981;
 			# go with EU instead, since Greece joined it on Jan 1.
 			2:00	EU	EE%sT
 
@@ -1229,10 +1220,10 @@ Zone	Europe/Budapest	1:16:20 -	LMT	1890 Oct
 # might be a reference to the Julian calendar as opposed to Gregorian, or it
 # might mean something else (???).
 #
-# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
-# The Iceland Almanak, Shanks & Pottenger, and Whitman disagree on many points.
-# We go with the Almanak, except for one claim from Shanks & Pottenger, namely
-# that Reykavik was 21W57 from 1837 to 1908, local mean time before that.
+# From Paul Eggert (1999-10-29):
+# The Iceland Almanak, Shanks and Whitman disagree on many points.
+# We go with the Almanak, except for one claim from Shanks, namely that
+# Reykavik was 21W57 from 1837 to 1908, local mean time before that.
 #
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	Iceland	1917	1918	-	Feb	19	23:00	1:00	S
@@ -1270,16 +1261,15 @@ Zone Atlantic/Reykjavik	-1:27:24 -	LMT	1837
 # But these events all occurred before the 1970 cutoff,
 # so record only the time in Rome.
 #
-# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
-# For Italian DST we have three sources: Shanks & Pottenger, Whitman, and
-# F. Pollastri
+# From Paul Eggert (1996-05-06):
+# For Italian DST we have three sources: Shanks, Whitman, and F. Pollastri
 # <a href="http://toi.iriti.cnr.it/uk/ienitlt.html">
-# Day-light Saving Time in Italy (2006-02-03)
+# Day-light Saving Time in Italy (1996-03-14)
 # </a>
 # (`FP' below), taken from an Italian National Electrotechnical Institute
 # publication. When the three sources disagree, guess who's right, as follows:
 #
-# year	FP	Shanks&P. (S)	Whitman (W)	Go with:
+# year	FP	Shanks (S)	Whitman (W)	Go with:
 # 1916	06-03	06-03 24:00	06-03 00:00	FP & W
 #	09-30	09-30 24:00	09-30 01:00	FP; guess 24:00s
 # 1917	04-01	03-31 24:00	03-31 00:00	FP & S
@@ -1335,7 +1325,7 @@ Rule	Italy	1978	only	-	Oct	 1	0:00s	0	-
 Rule	Italy	1979	only	-	Sep	30	0:00s	0	-
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Europe/Rome	0:49:56 -	LMT	1866 Sep 22
-			0:49:56	-	RMT	1893 Nov  1 0:00s # Rome Mean
+			0:49:56	-	RMT	1893 Nov	# Rome Mean Time
 			1:00	Italy	CE%sT	1942 Nov  2 2:00s
 			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1944 Jul
 			1:00	Italy	CE%sT	1980
@@ -1477,8 +1467,7 @@ Zone	Europe/Vilnius	1:41:16	-	LMT	1880
 			2:00	EU	EE%sT
 
 # Luxembourg
-# Whitman disagrees with most of these dates in minor ways;
-# go with Shanks & Pottenger.
+# Whitman disagrees with most of these dates in minor ways; go with Shanks.
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	Lux	1916	only	-	May	14	23:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Lux	1916	only	-	Oct	 1	 1:00	0	-
@@ -1513,7 +1502,7 @@ Zone Europe/Luxembourg	0:24:36 -	LMT	1904 Jun
 			1:00	EU	CE%sT
 
 # Macedonia
-# see Serbia
+# see Serbia and Montenegro
 
 # Malta
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
@@ -1525,7 +1514,7 @@ Rule	Malta	1975	1979	-	Apr	Sun>=15	2:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Malta	1975	1980	-	Sep	Sun>=15	2:00	0	-
 Rule	Malta	1980	only	-	Mar	31	2:00	1:00	S
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone	Europe/Malta	0:58:04 -	LMT	1893 Nov  2 0:00s # Valletta
+Zone	Europe/Malta	0:58:04 -	LMT	1893 Nov  2	# Valletta
 			1:00	Italy	CE%sT	1942 Nov  2 2:00s
 			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1945 Apr  2 2:00s
 			1:00	Italy	CE%sT	1973 Mar 31
@@ -1534,9 +1523,9 @@ Zone	Europe/Malta	0:58:04 -	LMT	1893 Nov  2 0:00s # Valletta
 
 # Moldova
 
-# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
-# A previous version of this database followed Shanks & Pottenger, who write
-# that Tiraspol switched to Moscow time on 1992-01-19 at 02:00.
+# From Paul Eggert (2001-02-11):
+# A previous version of this database followed Shanks, who writes that
+# Tiraspol switched to Moscow time on 1992-01-19 at 02:00.
 # However, this is most likely an error, as Moldova declared independence
 # on 1991-08-27 (the 1992-01-19 date is that of a Russian decree).
 # In early 1992 there was large-scale interethnic violence in the area
@@ -1561,8 +1550,7 @@ Zone	Europe/Chisinau	1:55:20 -	LMT	1880
 			2:00	EU	EE%sT
 
 # Monaco
-# Shanks & Pottenger give 0:09:20 for Paris Mean Time; go with Howse's
-# more precise 0:09:21.
+# Shanks gives 0:09 for Paris Mean Time; go with Howse's more precise 0:09:21.
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Europe/Monaco	0:29:32 -	LMT	1891 Mar 15
 			0:09:21	-	PMT	1911 Mar 11    # Paris Mean Time
@@ -1570,9 +1558,6 @@ Zone	Europe/Monaco	0:29:32 -	LMT	1891 Mar 15
 			1:00	France	CE%sT	1977
 			1:00	EU	CE%sT
 
-# Montenegro
-# see Serbia
-
 # Netherlands
 
 # Howse writes that the Netherlands' railways used GMT between 1892 and 1940,
@@ -1648,8 +1633,7 @@ Zone Europe/Amsterdam	0:19:32 -	LMT	1835
 			1:00	EU	CE%sT
 
 # Norway
-# http://met.no/met/met_lex/q_u/sommertid.html (2004-01) agrees with Shanks &
-# Pottenger.
+# http://met.no/met/met_lex/q_u/sommertid.html (2004-01) agrees with Shanks.
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	Norway	1916	only	-	May	22	1:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Norway	1916	only	-	Sep	30	0:00	0	-
@@ -1720,10 +1704,9 @@ Link	Europe/Oslo	Atlantic/Jan_Mayen
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	Poland	1918	1919	-	Sep	16	2:00s	0	-
 Rule	Poland	1919	only	-	Apr	15	2:00s	1:00	S
-Rule	Poland	1944	only	-	Apr	 3	2:00s	1:00	S
-# Whitman gives 1944 Nov 30; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
+# Whitman gives 1944 Nov 30; go with Shanks.
 Rule	Poland	1944	only	-	Oct	 4	2:00	0	-
-# For 1944-1948 Whitman gives the previous day; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
+# For 1944-1948 Whitman gives the previous day; go with Shanks.
 Rule	Poland	1945	only	-	Apr	29	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Poland	1945	only	-	Nov	 1	0:00	0	-
 # For 1946 on the source is Kazimierz Borkowski,
@@ -1779,9 +1762,9 @@ Zone	Europe/Warsaw	1:24:00 -	LMT	1880
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 # DSH writes that despite Decree 1,469 (1915), the change to the clocks was not
 # done every year, depending on what Spain did, because of railroad schedules.
-# Go with Shanks & Pottenger.
+# Go with Shanks.
 Rule	Port	1916	only	-	Jun	17	23:00	1:00	S
-# Whitman gives 1916 Oct 31; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
+# Whitman gives 1916 Oct 31; go with Shanks.
 Rule	Port	1916	only	-	Nov	 1	 1:00	0	-
 Rule	Port	1917	only	-	Feb	28	23:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Port	1917	1921	-	Oct	14	23:00s	0	-
@@ -1797,23 +1780,24 @@ Rule	Port	1927	only	-	Apr	 9	23:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Port	1928	only	-	Apr	14	23:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Port	1929	only	-	Apr	20	23:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Port	1931	only	-	Apr	18	23:00s	1:00	S
-# Whitman gives 1931 Oct 8; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
+# Whitman gives 1931 Oct 8; go with Shanks.
 Rule	Port	1931	1932	-	Oct	Sat>=1	23:00s	0	-
 Rule	Port	1932	only	-	Apr	 2	23:00s	1:00	S
+# Shanks gives 1934 Apr 4; go with Whitman.
 Rule	Port	1934	only	-	Apr	 7	23:00s	1:00	S
-# Whitman gives 1934 Oct 5; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
+# Whitman gives 1934 Oct 5; go with Shanks.
 Rule	Port	1934	1938	-	Oct	Sat>=1	23:00s	0	-
-# Shanks & Pottenger give 1935 Apr 30; go with Whitman.
+# Shanks gives 1935 Apr 30; go with Whitman.
 Rule	Port	1935	only	-	Mar	30	23:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Port	1936	only	-	Apr	18	23:00s	1:00	S
-# Whitman gives 1937 Apr 2; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
+# Whitman gives 1937 Apr 2; go with Shanks.
 Rule	Port	1937	only	-	Apr	 3	23:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Port	1938	only	-	Mar	26	23:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Port	1939	only	-	Apr	15	23:00s	1:00	S
-# Whitman gives 1939 Oct 7; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
+# Whitman gives 1939 Oct 7; go with Shanks.
 Rule	Port	1939	only	-	Nov	18	23:00s	0	-
 Rule	Port	1940	only	-	Feb	24	23:00s	1:00	S
-# Shanks & Pottenger give 1940 Oct 7; go with Whitman.
+# Shanks gives 1940 Oct 7; go with Whitman.
 Rule	Port	1940	1941	-	Oct	 5	23:00s	0	-
 Rule	Port	1941	only	-	Apr	 5	23:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Port	1942	1945	-	Mar	Sat>=8	23:00s	1:00	S
@@ -1827,8 +1811,8 @@ Rule	Port	1946	only	-	Apr	Sat>=1	23:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Port	1946	only	-	Oct	Sat>=1	23:00s	0	-
 Rule	Port	1947	1949	-	Apr	Sun>=1	 2:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Port	1947	1949	-	Oct	Sun>=1	 2:00s	0	-
-# Shanks & Pottenger say DST was observed in 1950; go with Whitman.
-# Whitman gives Oct lastSun for 1952 on; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
+# Shanks says DST was observed in 1950; go with Whitman.
+# Whitman gives Oct lastSun for 1952 on; go with Shanks.
 Rule	Port	1951	1965	-	Apr	Sun>=1	 2:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Port	1951	1965	-	Oct	Sun>=1	 2:00s	0	-
 Rule	Port	1977	only	-	Mar	27	 0:00s	1:00	S
@@ -1840,7 +1824,7 @@ Rule	Port	1980	only	-	Mar	lastSun	 0:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Port	1981	1982	-	Mar	lastSun	 1:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Port	1983	only	-	Mar	lastSun	 2:00s	1:00	S
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-# Shanks & Pottenger say the transition from LMT to WET occurred 1911-05-24;
+# Shanks says that the transition from LMT to WET occurred 1911-05-24;
 # Willett says 1912-01-01.  Go with Willett.
 Zone	Europe/Lisbon	-0:36:32 -	LMT	1884
 			-0:36:32 -	LMT	1912 Jan  1  # Lisbon Mean Time
@@ -1893,12 +1877,11 @@ Zone Europe/Bucharest	1:44:24 -	LMT	1891 Oct
 
 # Russia
 
-# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
+# From Paul Eggert (1999-11-12):
 # Except for Moscow after 1919-07-01, I invented the time zone abbreviations.
 # Moscow time zone abbreviations after 1919-07-01, and Moscow rules after 1991,
-# are from Andrey A. Chernov.  The rest is from Shanks & Pottenger,
-# except we follow Chernov's report that 1992 DST transitions were Sat
-# 23:00, not Sun 02:00s.
+# are from Andrey A. Chernov.  The rest is from Shanks, except we follow
+# Chernov's report that 1992 DST transitions were Sat 23:00, not Sun 02:00s.
 #
 # From Stanislaw A. Kuzikowski (1994-06-29):
 # But now it is some months since Novosibirsk is 3 hours ahead of Moscow!
@@ -1943,20 +1926,20 @@ Zone Europe/Kaliningrad	 1:22:00 -	LMT	1893 Apr
 			 2:00	Russia	EE%sT
 #
 # From Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25): [This region consists of]
-# Respublika Adygeya, Arkhangel'skaya oblast',
+# Respublika Adygeya, Arkhangel'skaya oblast', Astrakhanskaya oblast',
 # Belgorodskaya oblast', Bryanskaya oblast', Vladimirskaya oblast',
-# Vologodskaya oblast', Voronezhskaya oblast',
+# Volgogradskaya oblast', Vologodskaya oblast', Voronezhskaya oblast',
 # Respublika Dagestan, Ivanovskaya oblast', Respublika Ingushetiya,
 # Kabarbino-Balkarskaya Respublika, Respublika Kalmykiya,
 # Kalyzhskaya oblast', Respublika Karachaevo-Cherkessiya,
-# Respublika Kareliya, Respublika Komi,
+# Respublika Kareliya, Kirovskaya oblast', Respublika Komi,
 # Kostromskaya oblast', Krasnodarskij kraj, Kurskaya oblast',
 # Leningradskaya oblast', Lipetskaya oblast', Respublika Marij El,
 # Respublika Mordoviya, Moskva, Moskovskaya oblast',
 # Murmanskaya oblast', Nenetskij avtonomnyj okrug,
 # Nizhegorodskaya oblast', Novgorodskaya oblast', Orlovskaya oblast',
 # Penzenskaya oblast', Pskovskaya oblast', Rostovskaya oblast',
-# Ryazanskaya oblast', Sankt-Peterburg,
+# Ryazanskaya oblast', Sankt-Peterburg, Saratovskaya oblast',
 # Respublika Severnaya Osetiya, Smolenskaya oblast',
 # Stavropol'skij kraj, Tambovskaya oblast', Respublika Tatarstan,
 # Tverskaya oblast', Tyl'skaya oblast', Ul'yanovskaya oblast',
@@ -1971,25 +1954,11 @@ Zone Europe/Moscow	 2:30:20 -	LMT	1880
 			 2:00	Russia	EE%sT	1992 Jan 19 2:00s
 			 3:00	Russia	MSK/MSD
 #
-# Astrakhanskaya oblast', Kirovskaya oblast', Saratovskaya oblast',
-# Volgogradskaya oblast'.  Shanks & Pottenger say Kirov is still at +0400
-# but Wikipedia (2006-05-09) says +0300.  Perhaps it switched after the
-# others?  But we have no data.
-Zone Europe/Volgograd	 2:57:40 -	LMT	1920 Jan  3
-			 3:00	-	TSAT	1925 Apr  6 # Tsaritsyn Time
-			 3:00	-	STAT	1930 Jun 21 # Stalingrad Time
-			 4:00	-	STAT	1961 Nov 11
-			 4:00	Russia	VOL%sT	1989 Mar 26 2:00s # Volgograd T
-			 3:00	Russia	VOL%sT	1991 Mar 31 2:00s
-			 4:00	-	VOLT	1992 Mar 29 2:00s
-			 3:00	Russia	VOL%sT
-#
 # From Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25): [This region consists of]
 # Samarskaya oblast', Udmyrtskaya respublika
 Zone Europe/Samara	 3:20:36 -	LMT	1919 Jul  1 2:00
-			 3:00	-	SAMT	1930 Jun 21
-			 4:00	-	SAMT	1935 Jan 27
-			 4:00	Russia	KUY%sT	1989 Mar 26 2:00s # Kuybyshev
+			 3:00	-	KUYT	1930 Jun 21 # Kuybyshev
+			 4:00	Russia	KUY%sT	1989 Mar 26 2:00s
 			 3:00	Russia	KUY%sT	1991 Mar 31 2:00s
 			 2:00	Russia	KUY%sT	1991 Sep 29 2:00s
 			 3:00	-	KUYT	1991 Oct 20 3:00
@@ -2015,19 +1984,17 @@ Zone Asia/Omsk		 4:53:36 -	LMT	1919 Nov 14
 			 5:00	Russia	OMS%sT	1992 Jan 19 2:00s
 			 6:00	Russia	OMS%sT
 #
-# From Paul Eggert (2006-08-19): I'm guessing about Tomsk here; it's
-# not clear when it switched from +7 to +6.
-# Novosibirskaya oblast', Tomskaya oblast'.
+# Novosibirskaya oblast'.
 Zone Asia/Novosibirsk	 5:31:40 -	LMT	1919 Dec 14 6:00
 			 6:00	-	NOVT	1930 Jun 21 # Novosibirsk Time
 			 7:00	Russia	NOV%sT	1991 Mar 31 2:00s
 			 6:00	Russia	NOV%sT	1992 Jan 19 2:00s
-			 7:00	Russia	NOV%sT	1993 May 23 # say Shanks & P.
+			 7:00	Russia	NOV%sT	1993 May 23 # says Shanks
 			 6:00	Russia	NOV%sT
 #
 # From Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25): [This region consists of]
 # Kemerovskaya oblast', Krasnoyarskij kraj,
-# Tajmyrskij (Dolgano-Nenetskij) avtonomnyj okrug,
+# Tajmyrskij (Dolgano-Nenetskij) avtonomnyj okrug, Tomskaya oblast',
 # Respublika Tuva, Respublika Khakasiya, Evenkijskij avtonomnyj okrug.
 Zone Asia/Krasnoyarsk	 6:11:20 -	LMT	1920 Jan  6
 			 6:00	-	KRAT	1930 Jun 21 # Krasnoyarsk Time
@@ -2110,7 +2077,7 @@ Zone Asia/Anadyr	11:49:56 -	LMT	1924 May  2
 			11:00	Russia	ANA%sT	1992 Jan 19 2:00s
 			12:00	Russia	ANA%sT
 
-# Serbia
+# Serbia and Montenegro
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Europe/Belgrade	1:22:00	-	LMT	1884
 			1:00	-	CET	1941 Apr 18 23:00
@@ -2118,11 +2085,10 @@ Zone	Europe/Belgrade	1:22:00	-	LMT	1884
 			1:00	1:00	CEST	1945 Sep 16  2:00s
 # Metod Kozelj reports that the legal date of
 # transition to EU rules was 1982-11-27, for all of Yugoslavia at the time.
-# Shanks & Pottenger don't give as much detail, so go with Kozelj.
+# Shanks doesn't give as much detail, so go with Kozelj.
 			1:00	-	CET	1982 Nov 27
 			1:00	EU	CE%sT
 Link Europe/Belgrade Europe/Ljubljana	# Slovenia
-Link Europe/Belgrade Europe/Podgorica	# Montenegro
 Link Europe/Belgrade Europe/Sarajevo	# Bosnia and Herzegovina
 Link Europe/Belgrade Europe/Skopje	# Macedonia
 Link Europe/Belgrade Europe/Zagreb	# Croatia
@@ -2131,34 +2097,32 @@ Link Europe/Belgrade Europe/Zagreb	# Croatia
 Link Europe/Prague Europe/Bratislava
 
 # Slovenia
-# see Serbia
+# see Serbia and Montenegro
 
 # Spain
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
-# For 1917-1919 Whitman gives Apr Sat>=1 - Oct Sat>=1;
-# go with Shanks & Pottenger.
+# For 1917-1919 Whitman gives Apr Sat>=1 - Oct Sat>=1; go with Shanks.
 Rule	Spain	1917	only	-	May	 5	23:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Spain	1917	1919	-	Oct	 6	23:00s	0	-
 Rule	Spain	1918	only	-	Apr	15	23:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Spain	1919	only	-	Apr	 5	23:00s	1:00	S
-# Whitman gives 1921 Feb 28 - Oct 14; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
+# Whitman gives 1921 Feb 28 - Oct 14; go with Shanks.
 Rule	Spain	1924	only	-	Apr	16	23:00s	1:00	S
-# Whitman gives 1924 Oct 14; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
+# Whitman gives 1924 Oct 14; go with Shanks.
 Rule	Spain	1924	only	-	Oct	 4	23:00s	0	-
 Rule	Spain	1926	only	-	Apr	17	23:00s	1:00	S
-# Whitman says no DST in 1929; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
+# Whitman says no DST in 1929; go with Shanks.
 Rule	Spain	1926	1929	-	Oct	Sat>=1	23:00s	0	-
 Rule	Spain	1927	only	-	Apr	 9	23:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Spain	1928	only	-	Apr	14	23:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Spain	1929	only	-	Apr	20	23:00s	1:00	S
-# Whitman gives 1937 Jun 16, 1938 Apr 16, 1940 Apr 13;
-# go with Shanks & Pottenger.
+# Whitman gives 1937 Jun 16, 1938 Apr 16, 1940 Apr 13; go with Shanks.
 Rule	Spain	1937	only	-	May	22	23:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Spain	1937	1939	-	Oct	Sat>=1	23:00s	0	-
 Rule	Spain	1938	only	-	Mar	22	23:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Spain	1939	only	-	Apr	15	23:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Spain	1940	only	-	Mar	16	23:00s	1:00	S
-# Whitman says no DST 1942-1945; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
+# Whitman says no DST 1942-1945; go with Shanks.
 Rule	Spain	1942	only	-	May	 2	22:00s	2:00	M # Midsummer
 Rule	Spain	1942	only	-	Sep	 1	22:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Spain	1943	1946	-	Apr	Sat>=13	22:00s	2:00	M
@@ -2185,7 +2149,7 @@ Rule SpainAfrica 1977	only	-	Sep	28	 0:00	0	-
 Rule SpainAfrica 1978	only	-	Jun	 1	 0:00	1:00	S
 Rule SpainAfrica 1978	only	-	Aug	 4	 0:00	0	-
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone	Europe/Madrid	-0:14:44 -	LMT	1901 Jan  1  0:00s
+Zone	Europe/Madrid	-0:14:44 -	LMT	1901
 			 0:00	Spain	WE%sT	1946 Sep 30
 			 1:00	Spain	CE%sT	1979
 			 1:00	EU	CE%sT
@@ -2207,7 +2171,7 @@ Zone	Atlantic/Canary	-1:01:36 -	LMT	1922 Mar # Las Palmas de Gran C.
 
 # Sweden
 
-# From Ivan Nilsson (2001-04-13), superseding Shanks & Pottenger:
+# From Ivan Nilsson (2001-04-13), superseding Shanks:
 #
 # The law "Svensk forfattningssamling 1878, no 14" about standard time in 1879:
 # From the beginning of 1879 (that is 01-01 00:00) the time for all
@@ -2268,7 +2232,7 @@ Zone Europe/Stockholm	1:12:12 -	LMT	1879 Jan  1
 # From Whitman (who writes ``Midnight?''):
 Rule	Swiss	1940	only	-	Nov	 2	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Swiss	1940	only	-	Dec	31	0:00	0	-
-# From Shanks & Pottenger:
+# From Shanks:
 Rule	Swiss	1941	1942	-	May	Sun>=1	2:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Swiss	1941	1942	-	Oct	Sun>=1	0:00	0	-
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
@@ -2287,8 +2251,7 @@ Rule	Turkey	1921	only	-	Apr	 3	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Turkey	1921	only	-	Oct	 3	0:00	0	-
 Rule	Turkey	1922	only	-	Mar	26	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Turkey	1922	only	-	Oct	 8	0:00	0	-
-# Whitman gives 1923 Apr 28 - Sep 16 and no DST in 1924-1925;
-# go with Shanks & Pottenger.
+# Whitman gives 1923 Apr 28 - Sep 16 and no DST in 1924-1925; go with Shanks.
 Rule	Turkey	1924	only	-	May	13	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Turkey	1924	1925	-	Oct	 1	0:00	0	-
 Rule	Turkey	1925	only	-	May	 1	0:00	1:00	S
@@ -2297,8 +2260,7 @@ Rule	Turkey	1940	only	-	Oct	 5	0:00	0	-
 Rule	Turkey	1940	only	-	Dec	 1	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Turkey	1941	only	-	Sep	21	0:00	0	-
 Rule	Turkey	1942	only	-	Apr	 1	0:00	1:00	S
-# Whitman omits the next two transition and gives 1945 Oct 1;
-# go with Shanks & Pottenger.
+# Whitman omits the next two transition and gives 1945 Oct 1; go with Shanks.
 Rule	Turkey	1942	only	-	Nov	 1	0:00	0	-
 Rule	Turkey	1945	only	-	Apr	 2	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Turkey	1945	only	-	Oct	 8	0:00	0	-
@@ -2395,13 +2357,11 @@ Zone Europe/Simferopol	2:16:24 -	LMT	1880
 			3:00	Russia	MSK/MSD	1990
 			3:00	-	MSK	1990 Jul  1 2:00
 			2:00	-	EET	1992
-# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
+# From Paul Eggert (1999-11-12):
 # The _Economist_ (1994-05-28, p 45) reports that central Crimea switched
 # from Kiev to Moscow time sometime after the January 1994 elections.
-# Shanks (1999) says ``date of change uncertain'', but implies that it happened
-# sometime between the 1994 DST switches.  Shanks & Pottenger simply say
-# 1994-09-25 03:00, but that can't be right.  For now, guess it
-# changed in May.
+# Shanks says ``date of change uncertain'', but implies that it happened
+# sometime between the 1994 DST switches.  For now, guess it changed in May.
 			2:00	E-Eur	EE%sT	1994 May
 # From IATA SSIM (1994/1997), which also says that Kerch is still like Kiev.
 			3:00	E-Eur	MSK/MSD	1996 Mar 31 3:00s