Fix clog, clog10 inaccuracy (bug 19016).

For arguments with X^2 + Y^2 close to 1, clog and clog10 avoid large
errors from log(hypot) by computing X^2 + Y^2 - 1 in a way that avoids
cancellation error and then using log1p.

However, the thresholds for using that approach still result in log
being used on argument as large as sqrt(13/16) > 0.9, leading to
significant errors, in some cases above the 9ulp maximum allowed in
glibc libm.  This patch arranges for the approach using log1p to be
used in any cases where |X|, |Y| < 1 and X^2 + Y^2 >= 0.5 (with the
existing allowance for cases where one of X and Y is very small),
adjusting the __x2y2m1 functions to work with the wider range of
inputs.  This way, log only gets used on arguments below sqrt(1/2) (or
substantially above 1), where the error involved is much less.

Tested for x86_64, x86, mips64 and powerpc.  For the ulps regeneration
I removed the existing clog and clog10 ulps before regenerating to
allow any reduced ulps to appear.  Tests added include those found by
random test generation to produce large ulps either before or after
the patch, and some found by trying inputs close to the (0.75, 0.5)
threshold where the potential errors from using log are largest.

	[BZ #19016]
	* sysdeps/generic/math_private.h (__x2y2m1f): Update comment to
	allow more cases with X^2 + Y^2 >= 0.5.
	* sysdeps/ieee754/dbl-64/x2y2m1.c (__x2y2m1): Likewise.  Add -1 as
	normal element in sum instead of special-casing based on values of
	arguments.
	* sysdeps/ieee754/dbl-64/x2y2m1f.c (__x2y2m1f): Update comment.
	* sysdeps/ieee754/ldbl-128/x2y2m1l.c (__x2y2m1l): Likewise.  Add
	-1 as normal element in sum instead of special-casing based on
	values of arguments.
	* sysdeps/ieee754/ldbl-128ibm/x2y2m1l.c (__x2y2m1l): Likewise.
	* sysdeps/ieee754/ldbl-96/x2y2m1.c [FLT_EVAL_METHOD != 0]
	(__x2y2m1): Update comment.
	* sysdeps/ieee754/ldbl-96/x2y2m1l.c (__x2y2m1l): Likewise.  Add -1
	as normal element in sum instead of special-casing based on values
	of arguments.
	* math/s_clog.c (__clog): Handle more cases using log1p without
	hypot.
	* math/s_clog10.c (__clog10): Likewise.
	* math/s_clog10f.c (__clog10f): Likewise.
	* math/s_clog10l.c (__clog10l): Likewise.
	* math/s_clogf.c (__clogf): Likewise.
	* math/s_clogl.c (__clogl): Likewise.
	* math/auto-libm-test-in: Add more tests of clog and clog10.
	* math/auto-libm-test-out: Regenerated.
	* sysdeps/i386/fpu/libm-test-ulps: Update.
	* sysdeps/x86_64/fpu/libm-test-ulps: Likewise.

1 files changed, 40 insertions, 40 deletions

diff --git a/sysdeps/x86_64/fpu/libm-test-ulps b/sysdeps/x86_64/fpu/libm-test-ulps
index 12c3dd1e01..ef3ab70369 100644
--- a/sysdeps/x86_64/fpu/libm-test-ulps
+++ b/sysdeps/x86_64/fpu/libm-test-ulps
@@ -869,11 +869,11 @@ ldouble: 3
 
 Function: Real part of "clog":
 double: 3
-float: 2
+float: 3
 idouble: 3
-ifloat: 2
-ildouble: 4
-ldouble: 4
+ifloat: 3
+ildouble: 3
+ldouble: 3
 
 Function: Imaginary part of "clog":
 float: 1
@@ -883,9 +883,9 @@ ldouble: 1
 
 Function: Real part of "clog10":
 double: 3
-float: 3
+float: 4
 idouble: 3
-ifloat: 3
+ifloat: 4
 ildouble: 4
 ldouble: 4
 
@@ -898,10 +898,10 @@ ildouble: 2
 ldouble: 2
 
 Function: Real part of "clog10_downward":
-double: 6
-float: 6
-idouble: 6
-ifloat: 6
+double: 5
+float: 4
+idouble: 5
+ifloat: 4
 ildouble: 8
 ldouble: 8
 
@@ -910,14 +910,14 @@ double: 2
 float: 4
 idouble: 2
 ifloat: 4
-ildouble: 2
-ldouble: 2
+ildouble: 3
+ldouble: 3
 
 Function: Real part of "clog10_towardzero":
 double: 5
-float: 4
+float: 5
 idouble: 5
-ifloat: 4
+ifloat: 5
 ildouble: 8
 ldouble: 8
 
@@ -930,28 +930,28 @@ ildouble: 3
 ldouble: 3
 
 Function: Real part of "clog10_upward":
-double: 8
+double: 6
 float: 5
-idouble: 8
+idouble: 6
 ifloat: 5
-ildouble: 6
-ldouble: 6
+ildouble: 7
+ldouble: 7
 
 Function: Imaginary part of "clog10_upward":
 double: 2
-float: 3
+float: 4
 idouble: 2
-ifloat: 3
+ifloat: 4
 ildouble: 3
 ldouble: 3
 
 Function: Real part of "clog_downward":
-double: 7
-float: 5
-idouble: 7
-ifloat: 5
-ildouble: 7
-ldouble: 7
+double: 4
+float: 3
+idouble: 4
+ifloat: 3
+ildouble: 5
+ldouble: 5
 
 Function: Imaginary part of "clog_downward":
 double: 1
@@ -962,28 +962,28 @@ ildouble: 1
 ldouble: 1
 
 Function: Real part of "clog_towardzero":
-double: 7
-float: 5
-idouble: 7
-ifloat: 5
-ildouble: 8
-ldouble: 8
+double: 4
+float: 4
+idouble: 4
+ifloat: 4
+ildouble: 5
+ldouble: 5
 
 Function: Imaginary part of "clog_towardzero":
 double: 1
-float: 2
+float: 3
 idouble: 1
-ifloat: 2
+ifloat: 3
 ildouble: 1
 ldouble: 1
 
 Function: Real part of "clog_upward":
-double: 8
-float: 5
-idouble: 8
-ifloat: 5
-ildouble: 6
-ldouble: 6
+double: 4
+float: 3
+idouble: 4
+ifloat: 3
+ildouble: 4
+ldouble: 4
 
 Function: Imaginary part of "clog_upward":
 double: 1