(CFLAGS-tst-align.c): Add -mpreferred-stack-boundary=4.

1 files changed, 1516 insertions, 634 deletions

diff --git a/sysdeps/ia64/fpu/s_expm1.S b/sysdeps/ia64/fpu/s_expm1.S
index 09a22bbbdd..19a237990c 100644
--- a/sysdeps/ia64/fpu/s_expm1.S
+++ b/sysdeps/ia64/fpu/s_expm1.S
@@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
 .file "exp_m1.s"
 
-
-// Copyright (c) 2000 - 2005, Intel Corporation
+// Copyright (C) 2000, 2001, Intel Corporation
 // All rights reserved.
-//
-// Contributed 2000 by the Intel Numerics Group, Intel Corporation
+// 
+// Contributed 2/2/2000 by John Harrison, Ted Kubaska, Bob Norin, Shane Story,
+// and Ping Tak Peter Tang of the Computational Software Lab, Intel Corporation.
 //
 // Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
 // modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
@@ -20,821 +20,1694 @@
 // * The name of Intel Corporation may not be used to endorse or promote
 // products derived from this software without specific prior written
 // permission.
-
-// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
-// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS 
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT 
 // LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
-// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL INTEL OR ITS
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL INTEL OR ITS 
 // CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL,
-// EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO,
-// PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR
-// PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY
+// EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, 
+// PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR 
+// PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY 
 // OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY OR TORT (INCLUDING
-// NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS
-// SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
-//
+// NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS 
+// SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE. 
+// 
 // Intel Corporation is the author of this code, and requests that all
-// problem reports or change requests be submitted to it directly at
-// http://www.intel.com/software/products/opensource/libraries/num.htm.
-//
-// History
-//==============================================================
-// 02/02/00 Initial Version
-// 04/04/00 Unwind support added
-// 08/15/00 Bundle added after call to __libm_error_support to properly
+// problem reports or change requests be submitted to it directly at 
+// http://developer.intel.com/opensource.
+//
+// HISTORY
+// 2/02/00  Initial Version 
+// 4/04/00  Unwind support added
+// 8/15/00  Bundle added after call to __libm_error_support to properly
 //          set [the previously overwritten] GR_Parameter_RESULT.
-// 07/07/01 Improved speed of all paths
-// 05/20/02 Cleaned up namespace and sf0 syntax
-// 11/20/02 Improved speed, algorithm based on exp
-// 03/31/05 Reformatted delimiters between data tables
-
-// API
-//==============================================================
-// double expm1(double)
-
-// Overview of operation
-//==============================================================
-// 1. Inputs of Nan, Inf, Zero, NatVal handled with special paths
-//
-// 2. |x| < 2^-60
-//    Result = x, computed by x + x*x to handle appropriate flags and rounding
-//
-// 3. 2^-60 <= |x| < 2^-2
-//    Result determined by 13th order Taylor series polynomial
-//    expm1f(x) = x + Q2*x^2 + ... + Q13*x^13
-//
-// 4. x < -48.0
-//    Here we know result is essentially -1 + eps, where eps only affects
-//    rounded result.  Set I.
-//
-// 5. x >= 709.7827
-//    Result overflows.  Set I, O, and call error support
 //
-// 6. 2^-2 <= x < 709.7827  or  -48.0 <= x < -2^-2  
-//    This is the main path.  The algorithm is described below:
-
-// Take the input x. w is "how many log2/128 in x?"
-//  w = x * 128/log2
-//  n = int(w)
-//  x = n log2/128 + r + delta
-
-//  n = 128M + index_1 + 2^4 index_2
-//  x = M log2 + (log2/128) index_1 + (log2/8) index_2 + r + delta
-
-//  exp(x) = 2^M  2^(index_1/128)  2^(index_2/8) exp(r) exp(delta)
-//       Construct 2^M
-//       Get 2^(index_1/128) from table_1;
-//       Get 2^(index_2/8)   from table_2;
-//       Calculate exp(r) by series by 5th order polynomial
-//          r = x - n (log2/128)_high
-//          delta = - n (log2/128)_low
-//       Calculate exp(delta) as 1 + delta
-
-
-// Special values
-//==============================================================
-// expm1(+0)    = +0.0
-// expm1(-0)    = -0.0
-
-// expm1(+qnan) = +qnan
-// expm1(-qnan) = -qnan
-// expm1(+snan) = +qnan
-// expm1(-snan) = -qnan
-
-// expm1(-inf)  = -1.0
-// expm1(+inf)  = +inf
-
-// Overflow and Underflow
-//=======================
-// expm1(x) = largest double normal when
-//     x = 709.7827 = 40862e42fefa39ef
-//
-// Underflow is handled as described in case 2 above.
-
-
-// Registers used
-//==============================================================
-// Floating Point registers used:
-// f8, input
-// f9 -> f15,  f32 -> f75
-
-// General registers used:
-// r14 -> r40
-
-// Predicate registers used:
-// p6 -> p15
-
-// Assembly macros
-//==============================================================
-
-rRshf                  = r14
-rAD_TB1                = r15
-rAD_T1                 = r15
-rAD_TB2                = r16
-rAD_T2                 = r16
-rAD_Ln2_lo             = r17
-rAD_P                  = r17
-
-rN                     = r18
-rIndex_1               = r19
-rIndex_2_16            = r20
-
-rM                     = r21
-rBiased_M              = r21
-rIndex_1_16            = r22
-rSignexp_x             = r23
-rExp_x                 = r24
-rSig_inv_ln2           = r25
-
-rAD_Q1                 = r26
-rAD_Q2                 = r27
-rTmp                   = r27
-rExp_bias              = r28
-rExp_mask              = r29
-rRshf_2to56            = r30
-
-rGt_ln                 = r31
-rExp_2tom56            = r31
-
-
-GR_SAVE_B0             = r33
-GR_SAVE_PFS            = r34
-GR_SAVE_GP             = r35
-GR_SAVE_SP             = r36
-
-GR_Parameter_X         = r37
-GR_Parameter_Y         = r38
-GR_Parameter_RESULT    = r39
-GR_Parameter_TAG       = r40
-
-
-FR_X                   = f10
-FR_Y                   = f1
-FR_RESULT              = f8
-
-fRSHF_2TO56            = f6
-fINV_LN2_2TO63         = f7
-fW_2TO56_RSH           = f9
-f2TOM56                = f11
-fP5                    = f12
-fP54                   = f50
-fP5432                 = f50
-fP4                    = f13
-fP3                    = f14
-fP32                   = f14
-fP2                    = f15
-
-fLn2_by_128_hi         = f33
-fLn2_by_128_lo         = f34
-
-fRSHF                  = f35
-fNfloat                = f36
-fW                     = f37
-fR                     = f38
-fF                     = f39
-
-fRsq                   = f40
-fRcube                 = f41
-
-f2M                    = f42
-fS1                    = f43
-fT1                    = f44
-
-fMIN_DBL_OFLOW_ARG     = f45
-fMAX_DBL_MINUS_1_ARG   = f46
-fMAX_DBL_NORM_ARG      = f47
-fP_lo                  = f51
-fP_hi                  = f52
-fP                     = f53
-fS                     = f54
-
-fNormX                 = f56
-
-fWre_urm_f8            = f57
-
-fGt_pln                = f58
-fTmp                   = f58
-
-fS2                    = f59
-fT2                    = f60
-fSm1                   = f61
-
-fXsq                   = f62
-fX6                    = f63
-fX4                    = f63
-fQ7                    = f64
-fQ76                   = f64
-fQ7654                 = f64
-fQ765432               = f64
-fQ6                    = f65
-fQ5                    = f66
-fQ54                   = f66
-fQ4                    = f67
-fQ3                    = f68
-fQ32                   = f68
-fQ2                    = f69
-fQD                    = f70
-fQDC                   = f70
-fQDCBA                 = f70
-fQDCBA98               = f70
-fQDCBA98765432         = f70
-fQC                    = f71
-fQB                    = f72
-fQBA                   = f72
-fQA                    = f73
-fQ9                    = f74
-fQ98                   = f74
-fQ8                    = f75
-
-// Data tables
-//==============================================================
-
-RODATA
-.align 16
-
-// ************* DO NOT CHANGE ORDER OF THESE TABLES ********************
-
-// double-extended 1/ln(2)
-// 3fff b8aa 3b29 5c17 f0bb be87fed0691d3e88
-// 3fff b8aa 3b29 5c17 f0bc
-// For speed the significand will be loaded directly with a movl and setf.sig
-//   and the exponent will be bias+63 instead of bias+0.  Thus subsequent
-//   computations need to scale appropriately.
-// The constant 128/ln(2) is needed for the computation of w.  This is also
-//   obtained by scaling the computations.
-//
-// Two shifting constants are loaded directly with movl and setf.d.
-//   1. fRSHF_2TO56 = 1.1000..00 * 2^(63-7)
-//        This constant is added to x*1/ln2 to shift the integer part of
-//        x*128/ln2 into the rightmost bits of the significand.
-//        The result of this fma is fW_2TO56_RSH.
-//   2. fRSHF       = 1.1000..00 * 2^(63)
-//        This constant is subtracted from fW_2TO56_RSH * 2^(-56) to give
-//        the integer part of w, n, as a floating-point number.
-//        The result of this fms is fNfloat.
-
-
-LOCAL_OBJECT_START(exp_Table_1)
-data8 0x40862e42fefa39f0 // smallest dbl overflow arg
-data8 0xc048000000000000 // approx largest arg for minus one result
-data8 0x40862e42fefa39ef // largest dbl arg to give normal dbl result
-data8 0x0                // pad
-data8 0xb17217f7d1cf79ab , 0x00003ff7 // ln2/128 hi
-data8 0xc9e3b39803f2f6af , 0x00003fb7 // ln2/128 lo
-//
-// Table 1 is 2^(index_1/128) where
-// index_1 goes from 0 to 15
-//
-data8 0x8000000000000000 , 0x00003FFF
-data8 0x80B1ED4FD999AB6C , 0x00003FFF
-data8 0x8164D1F3BC030773 , 0x00003FFF
-data8 0x8218AF4373FC25EC , 0x00003FFF
-data8 0x82CD8698AC2BA1D7 , 0x00003FFF
-data8 0x8383594EEFB6EE37 , 0x00003FFF
-data8 0x843A28C3ACDE4046 , 0x00003FFF
-data8 0x84F1F656379C1A29 , 0x00003FFF
-data8 0x85AAC367CC487B15 , 0x00003FFF
-data8 0x8664915B923FBA04 , 0x00003FFF
-data8 0x871F61969E8D1010 , 0x00003FFF
-data8 0x87DB357FF698D792 , 0x00003FFF
-data8 0x88980E8092DA8527 , 0x00003FFF
-data8 0x8955EE03618E5FDD , 0x00003FFF
-data8 0x8A14D575496EFD9A , 0x00003FFF
-data8 0x8AD4C6452C728924 , 0x00003FFF
-LOCAL_OBJECT_END(exp_Table_1)
-
-// Table 2 is 2^(index_1/8) where
-// index_2 goes from 0 to 7
-LOCAL_OBJECT_START(exp_Table_2)
-data8 0x8000000000000000 , 0x00003FFF
-data8 0x8B95C1E3EA8BD6E7 , 0x00003FFF
-data8 0x9837F0518DB8A96F , 0x00003FFF
-data8 0xA5FED6A9B15138EA , 0x00003FFF
-data8 0xB504F333F9DE6484 , 0x00003FFF
-data8 0xC5672A115506DADD , 0x00003FFF
-data8 0xD744FCCAD69D6AF4 , 0x00003FFF
-data8 0xEAC0C6E7DD24392F , 0x00003FFF
-LOCAL_OBJECT_END(exp_Table_2)
-
-
-LOCAL_OBJECT_START(exp_p_table)
-data8 0x3f8111116da21757 //P5
-data8 0x3fa55555d787761c //P4
-data8 0x3fc5555555555414 //P3
-data8 0x3fdffffffffffd6a //P2
-LOCAL_OBJECT_END(exp_p_table)
-
-LOCAL_OBJECT_START(exp_Q1_table)
-data8 0x3de6124613a86d09 // QD = 1/13!
-data8 0x3e21eed8eff8d898 // QC = 1/12!
-data8 0x3ec71de3a556c734 // Q9 = 1/9!
-data8 0x3efa01a01a01a01a // Q8 = 1/8!
-data8 0x8888888888888889,0x3ff8 // Q5 = 1/5!
-data8 0xaaaaaaaaaaaaaaab,0x3ffc // Q3 = 1/3!
-data8 0x0,0x0            // Pad to avoid bank conflicts
-LOCAL_OBJECT_END(exp_Q1_table)
-
-LOCAL_OBJECT_START(exp_Q2_table)
-data8 0x3e5ae64567f544e4 // QB = 1/11!
-data8 0x3e927e4fb7789f5c // QA = 1/10!
-data8 0x3f2a01a01a01a01a // Q7 = 1/7!
-data8 0x3f56c16c16c16c17 // Q6 = 1/6!
-data8 0xaaaaaaaaaaaaaaab,0x3ffa // Q4 = 1/4!
-data8 0x8000000000000000,0x3ffe // Q2 = 1/2!
-LOCAL_OBJECT_END(exp_Q2_table)
+// ********************************************************************* 
+//
+// Function:   Combined exp(x) and expm1(x), where
+//                       x 
+//             exp(x) = e , for double precision x values
+//                         x
+//             expm1(x) = e  - 1  for double precision x values
+//
+// ********************************************************************* 
+//
+// Accuracy:       Within .7 ulps for 80-bit floating point values
+//                 Very accurate for double precision values
+//
+// ********************************************************************* 
+//
+// Resources Used:
+//
+//    Floating-Point Registers: f8  (Input and Return Value) 
+//                              f9,f32-f61, f99-f102 
+//
+//    General Purpose Registers: 
+//      r32-r61
+//      r62-r65 (Used to pass arguments to error handling routine)
+//                                     
+//    Predicate Registers:      p6-p15
+//
+// ********************************************************************* 
+//
+// IEEE Special Conditions:
+//
+//    Denormal  fault raised on denormal inputs  
+//    Overflow exceptions raised when appropriate for exp and expm1
+//    Underflow exceptions raised when appropriate for exp and expm1
+//    (Error Handling Routine called for overflow and Underflow)
+//    Inexact raised when appropriate by algorithm 
+//
+//    exp(inf) = inf
+//    exp(-inf) = +0
+//    exp(SNaN) = QNaN
+//    exp(QNaN) = QNaN
+//    exp(0) = 1
+//    exp(EM_special Values) = QNaN
+//    exp(inf) = inf
+//    expm1(-inf) = -1 
+//    expm1(SNaN) = QNaN
+//    expm1(QNaN) = QNaN
+//    expm1(0) = 0
+//    expm1(EM_special Values) = QNaN
+//    
+// ********************************************************************* 
+//
+// Implementation and Algorithm Notes:
+//
+//  ker_exp_64( in_FR  : X,
+//            in_GR  : Flag,
+//            in_GR  : Expo_Range
+//            out_FR : Y_hi,
+//            out_FR : Y_lo,
+//            out_FR : scale,
+//            out_PR : Safe )
+//
+// On input, X is in register format and 
+// Flag  = 0 for exp,
+// Flag  = 1 for expm1,
+//
+// On output, provided X and X_cor are real numbers, then
+//
+//   scale*(Y_hi + Y_lo)  approximates  exp(X)       if Flag is 0
+//   scale*(Y_hi + Y_lo)  approximates  exp(X)-1     if Flag is 1
+//
+// The accuracy is sufficient for a highly accurate 64 sig.
+// bit implementation.  Safe is set if there is no danger of 
+// overflow/underflow when the result is composed from scale, 
+// Y_hi and Y_lo. Thus, we can have a fast return if Safe is set. 
+// Otherwise, one must prepare to handle the possible exception 
+// appropriately.  Note that SAFE not set (false) does not mean 
+// that overflow/underflow will occur; only the setting of SAFE
+// guarantees the opposite.
+//
+// **** High Level Overview **** 
+//
+// The method consists of three cases.
+// 
+// If           |X| < Tiny	use case exp_tiny;
+// else if	|X| < 2^(-6)	use case exp_small;
+// else		use case exp_regular;
+//
+// Case exp_tiny:
+//
+//   1 + X     can be used to approximate exp(X) or exp(X+X_cor);
+//   X + X^2/2 can be used to approximate exp(X) - 1
+//
+// Case exp_small:
+//
+//   Here, exp(X), exp(X+X_cor), and exp(X) - 1 can all be 
+//   appproximated by a relatively simple polynomial.
+//
+//   This polynomial resembles the truncated Taylor series
+//
+//	exp(w) = 1 + w + w^2/2! + w^3/3! + ... + w^n/n!
+//
+// Case exp_regular:
+//
+//   Here we use a table lookup method. The basic idea is that in
+//   order to compute exp(X), we accurately decompose X into
+//
+//   X = N * log(2)/(2^12)  + r,	|r| <= log(2)/2^13.
+//
+//   Hence
+//
+//   exp(X) = 2^( N / 2^12 ) * exp(r).
+//
+//   The value 2^( N / 2^12 ) is obtained by simple combinations
+//   of values calculated beforehand and stored in table; exp(r)
+//   is approximated by a short polynomial because |r| is small.
+//
+//   We elaborate this method in 4 steps.
+//
+//   Step 1: Reduction
+//
+//   The value 2^12/log(2) is stored as a double-extended number
+//   L_Inv.
+//
+//   N := round_to_nearest_integer( X * L_Inv )
+//
+//   The value log(2)/2^12 is stored as two numbers L_hi and L_lo so
+//   that r can be computed accurately via
+//
+//   r := (X - N*L_hi) - N*L_lo
+//
+//   We pick L_hi such that N*L_hi is representable in 64 sig. bits
+//   and thus the FMA   X - N*L_hi   is error free. So r is the 
+//   1 rounding error from an exact reduction with respect to 
+//   
+//   L_hi + L_lo.
+//
+//   In particular, L_hi has 30 significant bit and can be stored
+//   as a double-precision number; L_lo has 64 significant bits and
+//   stored as a double-extended number.
+//
+//   In the case Flag = 2, we further modify r by
+//
+//   r := r + X_cor.
+//
+//   Step 2: Approximation
+//
+//   exp(r) - 1 is approximated by a short polynomial of the form
+//   
+//   r + A_1 r^2 + A_2 r^3 + A_3 r^4 .
+//
+//   Step 3: Composition from Table Values 
+//
+//   The value 2^( N / 2^12 ) can be composed from a couple of tables
+//   of precalculated values. First, express N as three integers
+//   K, M_1, and M_2 as
+//
+//     N  =  K * 2^12  + M_1 * 2^6 + M_2
+//
+//   Where 0 <= M_1, M_2 < 2^6; and K can be positive or negative.
+//   When N is represented in 2's complement, M_2 is simply the 6
+//   lsb's, M_1 is the next 6, and K is simply N shifted right
+//   arithmetically (sign extended) by 12 bits.
+//
+//   Now, 2^( N / 2^12 ) is simply  
+//	
+//      2^K * 2^( M_1 / 2^6 ) * 2^( M_2 / 2^12 )
+//
+//   Clearly, 2^K needs no tabulation. The other two values are less
+//   trivial because if we store each accurately to more than working
+//   precision, than its product is too expensive to calculate. We
+//   use the following method.
+//
+//   Define two mathematical values, delta_1 and delta_2, implicitly
+//   such that
+//
+//     T_1 = exp( [M_1 log(2)/2^6]  -  delta_1 ) 
+//     T_2 = exp( [M_2 log(2)/2^12] -  delta_2 )
+//
+//   are representable as 24 significant bits. To illustrate the idea,
+//   we show how we define delta_1: 
+//
+//     T_1     := round_to_24_bits( exp( M_1 log(2)/2^6 ) )
+//     delta_1  = (M_1 log(2)/2^6) - log( T_1 )  
+//
+//   The last equality means mathematical equality. We then tabulate
+//
+//     W_1 := exp(delta_1) - 1
+//     W_2 := exp(delta_2) - 1
+//
+//   Both in double precision.
+//
+//   From the tabulated values T_1, T_2, W_1, W_2, we compose the values
+//   T and W via
+//
+//     T := T_1 * T_2			...exactly
+//     W := W_1 + (1 + W_1)*W_2	
+//
+//   W approximates exp( delta ) - 1  where delta = delta_1 + delta_2.
+//   The mathematical product of T and (W+1) is an accurate representation
+//   of 2^(M_1/2^6) * 2^(M_2/2^12).
+//
+//   Step 4. Reconstruction
+//
+//   Finally, we can reconstruct exp(X), exp(X) - 1. 
+//   Because
+//
+//	X = K * log(2) + (M_1*log(2)/2^6  - delta_1) 
+//		       + (M_2*log(2)/2^12 - delta_2)
+//		       + delta_1 + delta_2 + r 		...accurately
+//   We have
+//
+//	exp(X) ~=~ 2^K * ( T + T*[exp(delta_1+delta_2+r) - 1] )
+//	       ~=~ 2^K * ( T + T*[exp(delta + r) - 1]         )
+//	       ~=~ 2^K * ( T + T*[(exp(delta)-1)  
+//				 + exp(delta)*(exp(r)-1)]   )
+//             ~=~ 2^K * ( T + T*( W + (1+W)*poly(r) ) )
+//             ~=~ 2^K * ( Y_hi  +  Y_lo )
+//
+//   where Y_hi = T  and Y_lo = T*(W + (1+W)*poly(r))
+//
+//   For exp(X)-1, we have
+//
+//	exp(X)-1 ~=~ 2^K * ( Y_hi + Y_lo ) - 1
+//		 ~=~ 2^K * ( Y_hi + Y_lo - 2^(-K) )
+//
+//   and we combine Y_hi + Y_lo - 2^(-N)  into the form of two 
+//   numbers  Y_hi + Y_lo carefully.
+//
+//   **** Algorithm Details ****
+//
+//   A careful algorithm must be used to realize the mathematical ideas
+//   accurately. We describe each of the three cases. We assume SAFE
+//   is preset to be TRUE.
+//
+//   Case exp_tiny:
+//
+//   The important points are to ensure an accurate result under 
+//   different rounding directions and a correct setting of the SAFE 
+//   flag.
+//
+//   If Flag is 1, then
+//      SAFE  := False	...possibility of underflow
+//      Scale := 1.0
+//      Y_hi  := X
+//      Y_lo  := 2^(-17000)
+//   Else
+//      Scale := 1.0
+//      Y_hi  := 1.0
+//      Y_lo  := X	...for different rounding modes
+//   Endif
+//
+//   Case exp_small:
+//
+//   Here we compute a simple polynomial. To exploit parallelism, we split
+//   the polynomial into several portions.
+//
+//   Let r = X 
+//
+//   If Flag is not 1	...i.e. exp( argument )
+//
+//      rsq := r * r; 
+//      r4  := rsq*rsq
+//      poly_lo := P_3 + r*(P_4 + r*(P_5 + r*P_6))
+//      poly_hi := r + rsq*(P_1 + r*P_2)
+//      Y_lo    := poly_hi + r4 * poly_lo
+//      set lsb(Y_lo) to 1
+//      Y_hi    := 1.0
+//      Scale   := 1.0
+//
+//   Else			...i.e. exp( argument ) - 1
+//
+//      rsq := r * r
+//      r4  := rsq * rsq
+//      r6  := rsq * r4
+//      poly_lo := r6*(Q_5 + r*(Q_6 + r*Q_7))
+//      poly_hi := Q_1 + r*(Q_2 + r*(Q_3 + r*Q_4))
+//      Y_lo    := rsq*poly_hi +  poly_lo
+//      set lsb(Y_lo) to 1
+//      Y_hi    := X
+//      Scale   := 1.0
+//
+//   Endif
+//
+//  Case exp_regular:
+//
+//  The previous description contain enough information except the
+//  computation of poly and the final Y_hi and Y_lo in the case for
+//  exp(X)-1.
+//
+//  The computation of poly for Step 2:
+//
+//   rsq := r*r
+//   poly := r + rsq*(A_1 + r*(A_2 + r*A_3))
+//
+//  For the case exp(X) - 1, we need to incorporate 2^(-K) into
+//  Y_hi and Y_lo at the end of Step 4.
+//
+//   If K > 10 then
+//      Y_lo := Y_lo - 2^(-K)
+//   Else
+//      If K < -10 then
+//	 Y_lo := Y_hi + Y_lo
+//	 Y_hi := -2^(-K)
+//      Else
+//	 Y_hi := Y_hi - 2^(-K)
+//      End If
+//   End If
+//
 
+#include "libm_support.h"
+
+GR_SAVE_PFS          = r59
+GR_SAVE_B0           = r60
+GR_SAVE_GP           = r61
+
+GR_Parameter_X       = r62
+GR_Parameter_Y       = r63
+GR_Parameter_RESULT  = r64
+
+FR_X             = f9
+FR_Y             = f1
+FR_RESULT        = f99
+
+#ifdef _LIBC
+.rodata
+#else
+.data
+#endif
+
+.align 64 
+Constants_exp_64_Arg:
+ASM_TYPE_DIRECTIVE(Constants_exp_64_Arg,@object)
+data4 0x5C17F0BC,0xB8AA3B29,0x0000400B,0x00000000 
+data4 0x00000000,0xB17217F4,0x00003FF2,0x00000000
+data4 0xF278ECE6,0xF473DE6A,0x00003FD4,0x00000000
+// /* Inv_L, L_hi, L_lo */
+ASM_SIZE_DIRECTIVE(Constants_exp_64_Arg)
+
+.align 64 
+Constants_exp_64_Exponents:
+ASM_TYPE_DIRECTIVE(Constants_exp_64_Exponents,@object)
+data4 0x0000007E,0x00000000,0xFFFFFF83,0xFFFFFFFF
+data4 0x000003FE,0x00000000,0xFFFFFC03,0xFFFFFFFF
+data4 0x00003FFE,0x00000000,0xFFFFC003,0xFFFFFFFF
+data4 0x00003FFE,0x00000000,0xFFFFC003,0xFFFFFFFF
+data4 0xFFFFFFE2,0xFFFFFFFF,0xFFFFFFC4,0xFFFFFFFF
+data4 0xFFFFFFBA,0xFFFFFFFF,0xFFFFFFBA,0xFFFFFFFF
+ASM_SIZE_DIRECTIVE(Constants_exp_64_Exponents)
+
+.align 64 
+Constants_exp_64_A:
+ASM_TYPE_DIRECTIVE(Constants_exp_64_A,@object)
+data4 0xB1B736A0,0xAAAAAAAB,0x00003FFA,0x00000000
+data4 0x90CD6327,0xAAAAAAAB,0x00003FFC,0x00000000
+data4 0xFFFFFFFF,0xFFFFFFFF,0x00003FFD,0x00000000
+// /* Reversed */
+ASM_SIZE_DIRECTIVE(Constants_exp_64_A)
+
+.align 64 
+Constants_exp_64_P:
+ASM_TYPE_DIRECTIVE(Constants_exp_64_P,@object)
+data4 0x43914A8A,0xD00D6C81,0x00003FF2,0x00000000
+data4 0x30304B30,0xB60BC4AC,0x00003FF5,0x00000000
+data4 0x7474C518,0x88888888,0x00003FF8,0x00000000
+data4 0x8DAE729D,0xAAAAAAAA,0x00003FFA,0x00000000
+data4 0xAAAAAF61,0xAAAAAAAA,0x00003FFC,0x00000000
+data4 0x000004C7,0x80000000,0x00003FFE,0x00000000 
+// /* Reversed */
+ASM_SIZE_DIRECTIVE(Constants_exp_64_P)
+
+.align 64 
+Constants_exp_64_Q:
+ASM_TYPE_DIRECTIVE(Constants_exp_64_Q,@object)
+data4 0xA49EF6CA,0xD00D56F7,0x00003FEF,0x00000000
+data4 0x1C63493D,0xD00D59AB,0x00003FF2,0x00000000
+data4 0xFB50CDD2,0xB60B60B5,0x00003FF5,0x00000000
+data4 0x7BA68DC8,0x88888888,0x00003FF8,0x00000000
+data4 0xAAAAAC8D,0xAAAAAAAA,0x00003FFA,0x00000000
+data4 0xAAAAACCA,0xAAAAAAAA,0x00003FFC,0x00000000
+data4 0x00000000,0x80000000,0x00003FFE,0x00000000 
+// /* Reversed */
+ASM_SIZE_DIRECTIVE(Constants_exp_64_Q)
+
+.align 64 
+Constants_exp_64_T1:
+ASM_TYPE_DIRECTIVE(Constants_exp_64_T1,@object)
+data4 0x3F800000,0x3F8164D2,0x3F82CD87,0x3F843A29 
+data4 0x3F85AAC3,0x3F871F62,0x3F88980F,0x3F8A14D5 
+data4 0x3F8B95C2,0x3F8D1ADF,0x3F8EA43A,0x3F9031DC
+data4 0x3F91C3D3,0x3F935A2B,0x3F94F4F0,0x3F96942D
+data4 0x3F9837F0,0x3F99E046,0x3F9B8D3A,0x3F9D3EDA
+data4 0x3F9EF532,0x3FA0B051,0x3FA27043,0x3FA43516
+data4 0x3FA5FED7,0x3FA7CD94,0x3FA9A15B,0x3FAB7A3A
+data4 0x3FAD583F,0x3FAF3B79,0x3FB123F6,0x3FB311C4
+data4 0x3FB504F3,0x3FB6FD92,0x3FB8FBAF,0x3FBAFF5B
+data4 0x3FBD08A4,0x3FBF179A,0x3FC12C4D,0x3FC346CD
+data4 0x3FC5672A,0x3FC78D75,0x3FC9B9BE,0x3FCBEC15
+data4 0x3FCE248C,0x3FD06334,0x3FD2A81E,0x3FD4F35B
+data4 0x3FD744FD,0x3FD99D16,0x3FDBFBB8,0x3FDE60F5
+data4 0x3FE0CCDF,0x3FE33F89,0x3FE5B907,0x3FE8396A
+data4 0x3FEAC0C7,0x3FED4F30,0x3FEFE4BA,0x3FF28177
+data4 0x3FF5257D,0x3FF7D0DF,0x3FFA83B3,0x3FFD3E0C
+ASM_SIZE_DIRECTIVE(Constants_exp_64_T1)
+
+.align 64 
+Constants_exp_64_T2:
+ASM_TYPE_DIRECTIVE(Constants_exp_64_T2,@object)
+data4 0x3F800000,0x3F80058C,0x3F800B18,0x3F8010A4 
+data4 0x3F801630,0x3F801BBD,0x3F80214A,0x3F8026D7 
+data4 0x3F802C64,0x3F8031F2,0x3F803780,0x3F803D0E 
+data4 0x3F80429C,0x3F80482B,0x3F804DB9,0x3F805349 
+data4 0x3F8058D8,0x3F805E67,0x3F8063F7,0x3F806987 
+data4 0x3F806F17,0x3F8074A8,0x3F807A39,0x3F807FCA 
+data4 0x3F80855B,0x3F808AEC,0x3F80907E,0x3F809610 
+data4 0x3F809BA2,0x3F80A135,0x3F80A6C7,0x3F80AC5A 
+data4 0x3F80B1ED,0x3F80B781,0x3F80BD14,0x3F80C2A8 
+data4 0x3F80C83C,0x3F80CDD1,0x3F80D365,0x3F80D8FA 
+data4 0x3F80DE8F,0x3F80E425,0x3F80E9BA,0x3F80EF50 
+data4 0x3F80F4E6,0x3F80FA7C,0x3F810013,0x3F8105AA 
+data4 0x3F810B41,0x3F8110D8,0x3F81166F,0x3F811C07 
+data4 0x3F81219F,0x3F812737,0x3F812CD0,0x3F813269 
+data4 0x3F813802,0x3F813D9B,0x3F814334,0x3F8148CE 
+data4 0x3F814E68,0x3F815402,0x3F81599C,0x3F815F37
+ASM_SIZE_DIRECTIVE(Constants_exp_64_T2)
+
+.align 64 
+Constants_exp_64_W1:
+ASM_TYPE_DIRECTIVE(Constants_exp_64_W1,@object)
+data4 0x00000000,0x00000000,0x171EC4B4,0xBE384454
+data4 0x4AA72766,0xBE694741,0xD42518F8,0xBE5D32B6
+data4 0x3A319149,0x3E68D96D,0x62415F36,0xBE68F4DA
+data4 0xC9C86A3B,0xBE6DDA2F,0xF49228FE,0x3E6B2E50
+data4 0x1188B886,0xBE49C0C2,0x1A4C2F1F,0x3E64BFC2
+data4 0x2CB98B54,0xBE6A2FBB,0x9A55D329,0x3E5DC5DE
+data4 0x39A7AACE,0x3E696490,0x5C66DBA5,0x3E54728B
+data4 0xBA1C7D7D,0xBE62B0DB,0x09F1AF5F,0x3E576E04
+data4 0x1A0DD6A1,0x3E612500,0x795FBDEF,0xBE66A419
+data4 0xE1BD41FC,0xBE5CDE8C,0xEA54964F,0xBE621376
+data4 0x476E76EE,0x3E6370BE,0x3427EB92,0x3E390D1A 
+data4 0x2BF82BF8,0x3E1336DE,0xD0F7BD9E,0xBE5FF1CB 
+data4 0x0CEB09DD,0xBE60A355,0x0980F30D,0xBE5CA37E 
+data4 0x4C082D25,0xBE5C541B,0x3B467D29,0xBE5BBECA 
+data4 0xB9D946C5,0xBE400D8A,0x07ED374A,0xBE5E2A08 
+data4 0x365C8B0A,0xBE66CB28,0xD3403BCA,0x3E3AAD5B 
+data4 0xC7EA21E0,0x3E526055,0xE72880D6,0xBE442C75 
+data4 0x85222A43,0x3E58B2BB,0x522C42BF,0xBE5AAB79 
+data4 0x469DC2BC,0xBE605CB4,0xA48C40DC,0xBE589FA7 
+data4 0x1AA42614,0xBE51C214,0xC37293F4,0xBE48D087 
+data4 0xA2D673E0,0x3E367A1C,0x114F7A38,0xBE51BEBB 
+data4 0x661A4B48,0xBE6348E5,0x1D3B9962,0xBDF52643  
+data4 0x35A78A53,0x3E3A3B5E,0x1CECD788,0xBE46C46C 
+data4 0x7857D689,0xBE60B7EC,0xD14F1AD7,0xBE594D3D 
+data4 0x4C9A8F60,0xBE4F9C30,0x02DFF9D2,0xBE521873 
+data4 0x55E6D68F,0xBE5E4C88,0x667F3DC4,0xBE62140F 
+data4 0x3BF88747,0xBE36961B,0xC96EC6AA,0x3E602861 
+data4 0xD57FD718,0xBE3B5151,0xFC4A627B,0x3E561CD0 
+data4 0xCA913FEA,0xBE3A5217,0x9A5D193A,0x3E40A3CC 
+data4 0x10A9C312,0xBE5AB713,0xC5F57719,0x3E4FDADB 
+data4 0xDBDF59D5,0x3E361428,0x61B4180D,0x3E5DB5DB 
+data4 0x7408D856,0xBE42AD5F,0x31B2B707,0x3E2A3148 
+ASM_SIZE_DIRECTIVE(Constants_exp_64_W1)
+
+.align 64 
+Constants_exp_64_W2:
+ASM_TYPE_DIRECTIVE(Constants_exp_64_W2,@object)
+data4 0x00000000,0x00000000,0x37A3D7A2,0xBE641F25 
+data4 0xAD028C40,0xBE68DD57,0xF212B1B6,0xBE5C77D8 
+data4 0x1BA5B070,0x3E57878F,0x2ECAE6FE,0xBE55A36A 
+data4 0x569DFA3B,0xBE620608,0xA6D300A3,0xBE53B50E 
+data4 0x223F8F2C,0x3E5B5EF2,0xD6DE0DF4,0xBE56A0D9 
+data4 0xEAE28F51,0xBE64EEF3,0x367EA80B,0xBE5E5AE2 
+data4 0x5FCBC02D,0x3E47CB1A,0x9BDAFEB7,0xBE656BA0 
+data4 0x805AFEE7,0x3E6E70C6,0xA3415EBA,0xBE6E0509 
+data4 0x49BFF529,0xBE56856B,0x00508651,0x3E66DD33 
+data4 0xC114BC13,0x3E51165F,0xC453290F,0x3E53333D 
+data4 0x05539FDA,0x3E6A072B,0x7C0A7696,0xBE47CD87 
+data4 0xEB05C6D9,0xBE668BF4,0x6AE86C93,0xBE67C3E3 
+data4 0xD0B3E84B,0xBE533904,0x556B53CE,0x3E63E8D9 
+data4 0x63A98DC8,0x3E212C89,0x032A7A22,0xBE33138F 
+data4 0xBC584008,0x3E530FA9,0xCCB93C97,0xBE6ADF82 
+data4 0x8370EA39,0x3E5F9113,0xFB6A05D8,0x3E5443A4 
+data4 0x181FEE7A,0x3E63DACD,0xF0F67DEC,0xBE62B29D 
+data4 0x3DDE6307,0x3E65C483,0xD40A24C1,0x3E5BF030  
+data4 0x14E437BE,0x3E658B8F,0xED98B6C7,0xBE631C29 
+data4 0x04CF7C71,0x3E6335D2,0xE954A79D,0x3E529EED 
+data4 0xF64A2FB8,0x3E5D9257,0x854ED06C,0xBE6BED1B 
+data4 0xD71405CB,0x3E5096F6,0xACB9FDF5,0xBE3D4893 
+data4 0x01B68349,0xBDFEB158,0xC6A463B9,0x3E628D35 
+data4 0xADE45917,0xBE559725,0x042FC476,0xBE68C29C 
+data4 0x01E511FA,0xBE67593B,0x398801ED,0xBE4A4313 
+data4 0xDA7C3300,0x3E699571,0x08062A9E,0x3E5349BE 
+data4 0x755BB28E,0x3E5229C4,0x77A1F80D,0x3E67E426 
+data4 0x6B69C352,0xBE52B33F,0x084DA57F,0xBE6B3550 
+data4 0xD1D09A20,0xBE6DB03F,0x2161B2C1,0xBE60CBC4 
+data4 0x78A2B771,0x3E56ED9C,0x9D0FA795,0xBE508E31 
+data4 0xFD1A54E9,0xBE59482A,0xB07FD23E,0xBE2A17CE 
+data4 0x17365712,0x3E68BF5C,0xB3785569,0x3E3956F9
+ASM_SIZE_DIRECTIVE(Constants_exp_64_W2)
 
 .section .text
-GLOBAL_IEEE754_ENTRY(expm1)
+.proc expm1#
+.global expm1#
+.align 64 
 
-{ .mlx
-      getf.exp        rSignexp_x = f8  // Must recompute if x unorm
-      movl            rSig_inv_ln2 = 0xb8aa3b295c17f0bc  // signif of 1/ln2
-}
-{ .mlx
-      addl            rAD_TB1    = @ltoff(exp_Table_1), gp
-      movl            rRshf_2to56 = 0x4768000000000000   // 1.10000 2^(63+56)
+expm1: 
+#ifdef _LIBC
+.global __expm1#
+__expm1:
+#endif
+
+
+{ .mii
+      alloc r32 = ar.pfs,0,30,4,0
+(p0)  add r33 = 1, r0  
+(p0)  cmp.eq.unc  p7, p0 =  r0, r0 
 }
 ;;
 
-// We do this fnorm right at the beginning to normalize
-// any input unnormals so that SWA is not taken.
+
+//
+//    Set p7 true for expm1
+//    Set Flag = r33 = 1 for expm1
+//    These are really no longer necesary, but are a remnant 
+//       when this file had multiple entry points.
+//       They should be carefully removed
+
+
+
 { .mfi
-      ld8             rAD_TB1    = [rAD_TB1]
-      fclass.m        p6,p0 = f8,0x0b  // Test for x=unorm
-      mov             rExp_mask = 0x1ffff
+(p0)  add r32 = 1,r0  
+(p0)  fnorm.s1 f9 = f8 
+      nop.i 999
 }
+
+
 { .mfi
-      mov             rExp_bias = 0xffff
-      fnorm.s1        fNormX   = f8
-      mov             rExp_2tom56 = 0xffff-56
+      nop.m 999
+(p0)  fclass.m.unc p6, p8 =  f8, 0x1E7 
+      nop.i 999
 }
-;;
 
-// Form two constants we need
-//  1/ln2 * 2^63  to compute  w = x * 1/ln2 * 128
-//  1.1000..000 * 2^(63+63-7) to right shift int(w) into the significand
+{ .mfi
+      nop.m 999
+(p0)  fclass.nm.unc p9, p0 =  f8, 0x1FF 
+      nop.i 999
+}
 
 { .mfi
-      setf.sig        fINV_LN2_2TO63 = rSig_inv_ln2 // form 1/ln2 * 2^63
-      fclass.m        p8,p0 = f8,0x07  // Test for x=0
-      nop.i           0
+	nop.m 999
+(p0)  mov f36 = f1 
+	nop.i 999 ;;
+}
+
+//     
+//    Identify NatVals, NaNs, Infs, and Zeros. 
+//    Identify EM unsupporteds. 
+//    Save special input registers 
+//
+//    Create FR_X_cor      = 0.0 
+//           GR_Flag       = 0 
+//           GR_Expo_Range = 1
+//           FR_Scale      = 1.0
+//
+
+{ .mfb
+	nop.m 999
+(p0)  mov f32 = f0 
+(p6)  br.cond.spnt EXP_64_SPECIAL ;; 
+}
+
+{ .mib
+	nop.m 999
+	nop.i 999
+(p9)  br.cond.spnt EXP_64_UNSUPPORTED ;; 
+}
+
+//     
+//    Branch out for special input values 
+//     
+
+{ .mfi
+(p0)  cmp.ne.unc p12, p13 = 0x01, r33
+(p0)  fcmp.lt.unc.s0 p9,p0 =  f8, f0 
+(p0)  cmp.eq.unc  p15, p0 =  r0, r0 
+}
+
+//     
+//    Raise possible denormal operand exception 
+//    Normalize x 
+//     
+//    This function computes exp( x  + x_cor) 
+//    Input  FR 1: FR_X            
+//    Input  FR 2: FR_X_cor  
+//    Input  GR 1: GR_Flag  
+//    Input  GR 2: GR_Expo_Range  
+//    Output FR 3: FR_Y_hi  
+//    Output FR 4: FR_Y_lo  
+//    Output FR 5: FR_Scale  
+//    Output PR 1: PR_Safe  
+
+//
+//    Prepare to load constants
+//    Set Safe = True
+//
+
+{ .mmi
+(p0)  addl           r34   = @ltoff(Constants_exp_64_Arg#), gp
+(p0)  addl           r40   = @ltoff(Constants_exp_64_W1#),  gp
+(p0)  addl           r41   = @ltoff(Constants_exp_64_W2#),  gp
 }
+;;
+
+{ .mmi
+      ld8 r34 = [r34]
+      ld8 r40 = [r40]
+(p0)  addl           r50   = @ltoff(Constants_exp_64_T1#),  gp
+}
+;;
+
+
+{ .mmi
+      ld8 r41  = [r41]
+(p0)  ldfe f37 = [r34],16 
+(p0)  addl           r51   = @ltoff(Constants_exp_64_T2#),  gp
+}
+;;
+
+//
+//    N = fcvt.fx(float_N)
+//    Set p14 if -6 > expo_X 
+//
+
+
+//
+//    Bias = 0x0FFFF
+//    expo_X = expo_X and Mask  
+//
+
+//
+//    Load L_lo
+//    Set p10 if 14 < expo_X 
+//
+
+{ .mmi
+      ld8  r50 = [r50]
+(p0)  ldfe f40 = [r34],16 
+      nop.i 999
+}
+;;
+
 { .mlx
-      setf.d          fRSHF_2TO56 = rRshf_2to56 // Form 1.100 * 2^(63+56)
-      movl            rRshf = 0x43e8000000000000   // 1.10000 2^63 for rshift
+	nop.m 999
+(p0)  movl r58 = 0x0FFFF 
 }
 ;;
 
-{ .mfi
-      setf.exp        f2TOM56 = rExp_2tom56 // form 2^-56 for scaling Nfloat
-      fclass.m        p9,p0 = f8,0x22  // Test for x=-inf
-      add             rAD_TB2 = 0x140, rAD_TB1 // Point to Table 2
+//
+//    Load W2_ptr
+//    Branch to SMALL is expo_X < -6
+//
+
+//
+//    float_N = X * L_Inv
+//    expo_X = exponent of X
+//    Mask = 0x1FFFF
+//
+
+{ .mmi
+      ld8  r51 = [r51]
+(p0)  ldfe f41 = [r34],16 
 }
-{ .mib
-      add             rAD_Q1 = 0x1e0, rAD_TB1 // Point to Q table for small path
-      add             rAD_Ln2_lo = 0x30, rAD_TB1 // Point to ln2_by_128_lo
-(p6)  br.cond.spnt    EXPM1_UNORM // Branch if x unorm
+;;
+
+{ .mlx
+(p0)  addl           r34   = @ltoff(Constants_exp_64_Exponents#),  gp
+(p0)  movl r39 = 0x1FFFF
+}
+;;
+
+{ .mmi
+      ld8  r34 = [r34]
+(p0)  getf.exp r37 = f9 
+      nop.i 999
 }
 ;;
 
-EXPM1_COMMON:
+{ .mii
+      nop.m 999
+      nop.i 999 
+(p0)  and  r37 = r37, r39 ;;  
+}
+
+{ .mmi
+(p0)  sub r37 = r37, r58 ;;  
+(p0)  cmp.gt.unc  p14, p0 =  -6, r37 
+(p0)  cmp.lt.unc  p10, p0 =  14, r37 ;; 
+}
+
 { .mfi
-      ldfpd           fMIN_DBL_OFLOW_ARG, fMAX_DBL_MINUS_1_ARG = [rAD_TB1],16
-      fclass.m        p10,p0 = f8,0x1e1  // Test for x=+inf, NaN, NaT
-      add             rAD_Q2 = 0x50, rAD_Q1   // Point to Q table for small path
+	nop.m 999
+//
+//    Load L_inv 
+//    Set p12 true for Flag = 0 (exp)
+//    Set p13 true for Flag = 1 (expm1)
+//
+(p0)  fmpy.s1 f38 = f9, f37 
+	nop.i 999 ;;
 }
+
 { .mfb
-      nop.m           0
-      nop.f           0
-(p8)  br.ret.spnt     b0                        // Exit for x=0, return x
+	nop.m 999
+//
+//    Load L_hi
+//    expo_X = expo_X - Bias
+//    get W1_ptr      
+//
+(p0)  fcvt.fx.s1 f39 = f38
+(p14) br.cond.spnt EXP_SMALL ;; 
+}
+
+{ .mib
+	nop.m 999
+	nop.i 999
+(p10) br.cond.spnt EXP_HUGE ;; 
+}
+
+{ .mmi
+(p0)  shladd r34 = r32,4,r34 
+(p0)  addl           r35   = @ltoff(Constants_exp_64_A#), gp
+      nop.i 999
 }
 ;;
 
+{ .mmi
+      ld8  r35 = [r35]
+      nop.m 999
+      nop.i 999
+}
+;;
+
+//
+//    Load T_1,T_2
+//
+
+{ .mmb
+(p0)  ldfe f51 = [r35],16 
+(p0)  ld8 r45 = [r34],8
+	nop.b 999 ;;
+}
+//    
+//    Set Safe = True  if k >= big_expo_neg  
+//    Set Safe = False if k < big_expo_neg  
+//    
+
+{ .mmb
+(p0)  ldfe f49 = [r35],16 
+(p0)  ld8 r48 = [r34],0
+	nop.b 999 ;;
+}
+
 { .mfi
-      ldfd            fMAX_DBL_NORM_ARG = [rAD_TB1],16
-      nop.f           0
-      and             rExp_x = rExp_mask, rSignexp_x // Biased exponent of x
+	nop.m 999
+//
+//    Branch to HUGE is expo_X > 14 
+//
+(p0)  fcvt.xf f38 = f39 
+	nop.i 999 ;;
 }
-{ .mfb
-      setf.d          fRSHF = rRshf // Form right shift const 1.100 * 2^63
-(p9)  fms.d.s0        f8 = f0,f0,f1            // quick exit for x=-inf
-(p9)  br.ret.spnt     b0
+
+{ .mfi
+(p0)  getf.sig r52 = f39 
+	nop.f 999
+	nop.i 999 ;;
+}
+
+{ .mii
+	nop.m 999
+(p0)  extr.u r43 = r52, 6, 6 ;;  
+//
+//    r = r - float_N * L_lo
+//    K = extr(N_fix,12,52)
+//
+(p0)  shladd r40 = r43,3,r40 ;; 
 }
-;;
 
 { .mfi
-      ldfpd           fQD, fQC = [rAD_Q1], 16  // Load coeff for small path
-      nop.f           0
-      sub             rExp_x = rExp_x, rExp_bias // True exponent of x
+(p0)  shladd r50 = r43,2,r50 
+(p0)  fnma.s1 f42 = f40, f38, f9 
+//
+//    float_N = float(N)
+//    N_fix = signficand N 
+//
+(p0)  extr.u r42 = r52, 0, 6  
 }
-{ .mfb
-      ldfpd           fQB, fQA = [rAD_Q2], 16  // Load coeff for small path
-(p10) fma.d.s0        f8 = f8, f1, f0          // For x=+inf, NaN, NaT
-(p10) br.ret.spnt     b0                       // Exit for x=+inf, NaN, NaT
+
+{ .mmi
+(p0)  ldfd  f43 = [r40],0 ;; 
+(p0)  shladd r41 = r42,3,r41 
+(p0)  shladd r51 = r42,2,r51 
+}
+//
+//    W_1_p1 = 1 + W_1
+//
+
+{ .mmi
+(p0)  ldfs  f44 = [r50],0 ;; 
+(p0)  ldfd  f45 = [r41],0 
+//
+//    M_2 = extr(N_fix,0,6)
+//    M_1 = extr(N_fix,6,6)
+//    r = X - float_N * L_hi
+//
+(p0)  extr r44 = r52, 12, 52  
+}
+
+{ .mmi
+(p0)  ldfs  f46 = [r51],0 ;; 
+(p0)  sub r46 = r58, r44  
+(p0)  cmp.gt.unc  p8, p15 =  r44, r45 
+}
+//    
+//    W = W_1 + W_1_p1*W_2 
+//    Load  A_2 
+//    Bias_m_K = Bias - K
+//
+
+{ .mii
+(p0)  ldfe f40 = [r35],16 
+//
+//    load A_1
+//    poly = A_2 + r*A_3 
+//    rsq = r * r  
+//    neg_2_mK = exponent of Bias_m_k
+//
+(p0)  add r47 = r58, r44 ;;  
+//    
+//    Set Safe = True  if k <= big_expo_pos  
+//    Set Safe = False  if k >  big_expo_pos  
+//    Load A_3
+//    
+(p15) cmp.lt p8,p15 = r44,r48 ;;
+}
+
+{ .mmf
+(p0)  setf.exp f61 = r46 
+//    
+//    Bias_p + K = Bias + K
+//    T = T_1 * T_2
+//    
+(p0)  setf.exp f36 = r47 
+(p0)  fnma.s1 f42 = f41, f38, f42 ;; 
 }
-;;
 
 { .mfi
-      ldfpd           fQ9, fQ8 = [rAD_Q1], 16  // Load coeff for small path
-      fma.s1          fXsq = fNormX, fNormX, f0  // x*x for small path
-      cmp.gt          p7, p8 = -2, rExp_x      // Test |x| < 2^(-2)
+	nop.m 999
+//
+//    Load W_1,W_2
+//    Load big_exp_pos, load big_exp_neg
+//
+(p0)  fadd.s1 f47 = f43, f1 
+	nop.i 999 ;;
 }
+
 { .mfi
-      ldfpd           fQ7, fQ6 = [rAD_Q2], 16  // Load coeff for small path
-      nop.f           0
-      nop.i           0
+	nop.m 999
+(p0)  fma.s1 f52 = f42, f51, f49 
+	nop.i 999
 }
-;;
 
 { .mfi
-      ldfe            fQ5 = [rAD_Q1], 16       // Load coeff for small path
-      nop.f           0
-      nop.i           0
+	nop.m 999
+(p0)  fmpy.s1 f48 = f42, f42 
+	nop.i 999 ;;
 }
-{ .mib
-      ldfe            fQ4 = [rAD_Q2], 16       // Load coeff for small path
-(p7)  cmp.gt.unc      p6, p7 = -60, rExp_x     // Test |x| < 2^(-60)
-(p7)  br.cond.spnt    EXPM1_SMALL              // Branch if 2^-60 <= |x| < 2^-2
+
+{ .mfi
+	nop.m 999
+(p0)  fmpy.s1 f53 = f44, f46 
+	nop.i 999 ;;
 }
-;;
 
-// W = X * Inv_log2_by_128
-// By adding 1.10...0*2^63 we shift and get round_int(W) in significand.
-// We actually add 1.10...0*2^56 to X * Inv_log2 to do the same thing.
+{ .mfi
+	nop.m 999
+(p0)  fma.s1 f54 = f45, f47, f43 
+	nop.i 999
+}
+
+{ .mfi
+	nop.m 999
+(p0)  fneg f61 =  f61 
+	nop.i 999 ;;
+}
+
+{ .mfi
+	nop.m 999
+(p0)  fma.s1 f52 = f42, f52, f40 
+	nop.i 999 ;;
+}
+
+{ .mfi
+	nop.m 999
+(p0)  fadd.s1 f55 = f54, f1 
+	nop.i 999
+}
+
+{ .mfi
+	nop.m 999
+//
+//    W + Wp1 * poly     
+// 
+(p0)  mov f34 = f53 
+	nop.i 999 ;;
+}
+
+{ .mfi
+	nop.m 999
+//
+//    A_1 + r * poly 
+//    Scale = setf_exp(Bias_p_k) 
+//
+(p0)  fma.s1 f52 = f48, f52, f42 
+	nop.i 999 ;;
+}
 
 { .mfi
-      ldfe            fLn2_by_128_hi  = [rAD_TB1],32
-      fma.s1          fW_2TO56_RSH  = fNormX, fINV_LN2_2TO63, fRSHF_2TO56
-      nop.i           0
+	nop.m 999
+//
+//    poly = r + rsq(A_1 + r*poly) 
+//    Wp1 = 1 + W
+//    neg_2_mK = -neg_2_mK
+//
+(p0)  fma.s1 f35 = f55, f52, f54
+	nop.i 999 ;;
 }
+
 { .mfb
-      ldfe            fLn2_by_128_lo  = [rAD_Ln2_lo]
-(p6)  fma.d.s0        f8 = f8, f8, f8 // If x < 2^-60, result=x+x*x
-(p6)  br.ret.spnt     b0              // Exit if x < 2^-60
+	nop.m 999
+(p0)  fmpy.s1 f35 = f35, f53 
+//   
+//    Y_hi = T
+//    Y_lo = T * (W + Wp1*poly)
+//
+(p12) br.cond.sptk EXP_MAIN ;; 
 }
-;;
+//
+//    Branch if exp(x)  
+//    Continue for exp(x-1)
+//
 
-// Divide arguments into the following categories:
-//  Certain minus one       p11 - -inf < x <= MAX_DBL_MINUS_1_ARG
-//  Possible Overflow       p14 - MAX_DBL_NORM_ARG < x < MIN_DBL_OFLOW_ARG
-//  Certain Overflow        p15 - MIN_DBL_OFLOW_ARG <= x < +inf
+{ .mii
+(p0)  cmp.lt.unc  p12, p13 =  10, r44 
+	nop.i 999 ;;
+//
+//    Set p12 if 10 < K, Else p13 
+//
+(p13) cmp.gt.unc  p13, p14 =  -10, r44 ;; 
+}
 //
-// If the input is really a double arg, then there will never be "Possible
-// Overflow" arguments.
+//    K > 10:  Y_lo = Y_lo + neg_2_mK
+//    K <=10:  Set p13 if -10 > K, Else set p14 
 //
 
-// After that last load, rAD_TB1 points to the beginning of table 1
+{ .mfi
+(p13) cmp.eq  p15, p0 =  r0, r0 
+(p14) fadd.s1 f34 = f61, f34 
+	nop.i 999 ;;
+}
 
 { .mfi
-      nop.m           0
-      fcmp.ge.s1      p15,p14 = fNormX,fMIN_DBL_OFLOW_ARG
-      nop.i           0
+	nop.m 999
+(p12) fadd.s1 f35 = f35, f61 
+	nop.i 999 ;;
 }
-;;
 
 { .mfi
-      add             rAD_P = 0x80, rAD_TB2
-      fcmp.le.s1      p11,p0 = fNormX,fMAX_DBL_MINUS_1_ARG
-      nop.i           0
+	nop.m 999
+(p13) fadd.s1 f35 = f35, f34 
+	nop.i 999
 }
-;;
 
 { .mfb
-      ldfpd           fP5, fP4  = [rAD_P] ,16
-(p14) fcmp.gt.unc.s1  p14,p0 = fNormX,fMAX_DBL_NORM_ARG
-(p15) br.cond.spnt    EXPM1_CERTAIN_OVERFLOW
+	nop.m 999
+//
+//    K <= 10 and K < -10, Set Safe = True
+//    K <= 10 and K < 10,   Y_lo = Y_hi + Y_lo 
+//    K <= 10 and K > =-10, Y_hi = Y_hi + neg_2_mk 
+// 
+(p13) mov f34 = f61 
+(p0)  br.cond.sptk EXP_MAIN ;; 
+}
+EXP_SMALL: 
+
+{ .mmi
+(p12)  addl           r35   = @ltoff(Constants_exp_64_P#), gp
+(p0)   addl           r34   = @ltoff(Constants_exp_64_Exponents#), gp
+      nop.i 999
 }
 ;;
 
-// Nfloat = round_int(W)
-// The signficand of fW_2TO56_RSH contains the rounded integer part of W,
-// as a twos complement number in the lower bits (that is, it may be negative).
-// That twos complement number (called N) is put into rN.
+{ .mmi
+(p12) ld8 r35 = [r35]
+      ld8 r34 = [r34]
+      nop.i 999
+}
+;;
 
-// Since fW_2TO56_RSH is scaled by 2^56, it must be multiplied by 2^-56
-// before the shift constant 1.10000 * 2^63 is subtracted to yield fNfloat.
-// Thus, fNfloat contains the floating point version of N
 
-{ .mfb
-      ldfpd           fP3, fP2  = [rAD_P]
-      fms.s1          fNfloat = fW_2TO56_RSH, f2TOM56, fRSHF
-(p11) br.cond.spnt    EXPM1_CERTAIN_MINUS_ONE
+{ .mmi
+(p13)  addl           r35   = @ltoff(Constants_exp_64_Q#), gp
+       nop.m 999
+       nop.i 999
 }
 ;;
 
+
+// 
+//    Return
+//    K <= 10 and K < 10,   Y_hi = neg_2_mk 
+// 
+//    /*******************************************************/
+//    /*********** Branch EXP_SMALL  *************************/
+//    /*******************************************************/
+
 { .mfi
-      getf.sig        rN = fW_2TO56_RSH
-      nop.f           0
-      nop.i           0
+(p13) ld8 r35 = [r35]
+(p0)  mov f42 = f9 
+(p0)  add r34 = 0x48,r34  
 }
 ;;
 
-// rIndex_1 has index_1
-// rIndex_2_16 has index_2 * 16
-// rBiased_M has M
-// rIndex_1_16 has index_1 * 16
+//
+//    Flag = 0
+//    r4 = rsq * rsq
+//
+
+{ .mfi
+(p0)  ld8 r49 =[r34],0
+	nop.f 999
+	nop.i 999 ;;
+}
+
+{ .mii
+	nop.m 999
+	nop.i 999 ;;
+//
+//    Flag = 1
+//
+(p0)  cmp.lt.unc  p14, p0 =  r37, r49 ;; 
+}
+
+{ .mfi
+	nop.m 999
+//
+//    r = X
+//
+(p0)  fmpy.s1 f48 = f42, f42 
+	nop.i 999 ;;
+}
+
+{ .mfb
+	nop.m 999
+//
+//    rsq = r * r
+//
+(p0)  fmpy.s1 f50 = f48, f48 
+//
+//    Is input very small?
+//
+(p14) br.cond.spnt EXP_VERY_SMALL ;; 
+}
+//
+//    Flag_not1: Y_hi = 1.0
+//    Flag is 1: r6 = rsq * r4
+//
 
-// r = x - Nfloat * ln2_by_128_hi
-// f = 1 - Nfloat * ln2_by_128_lo
 { .mfi
-      and             rIndex_1 = 0x0f, rN
-      fnma.s1         fR   = fNfloat, fLn2_by_128_hi, fNormX
-      shr             rM = rN,  0x7
+(p12) ldfe f52 = [r35],16 
+(p12) mov f34 = f1 
+(p0)  add r53 = 0x1,r0 ;;  
 }
+
 { .mfi
-      and             rIndex_2_16 = 0x70, rN
-      fnma.s1         fF   = fNfloat, fLn2_by_128_lo, f1
-      nop.i           0
+(p13) ldfe f51 = [r35],16 
+//
+//    Flag_not_1: Y_lo = poly_hi + r4 * poly_lo
+//
+(p13) mov f34 = f9 
+	nop.i 999 ;;
 }
-;;
 
-// rAD_T1 has address of T1
-// rAD_T2 has address if T2
+{ .mmf
+(p12) ldfe f53 = [r35],16 
+//
+//    For Flag_not_1, Y_hi = X
+//    Scale = 1
+//    Create 0x000...01
+//
+(p0)  setf.sig f37 = r53 
+(p0)  mov f36 = f1 ;; 
+}
 
 { .mmi
-      add             rBiased_M = rExp_bias, rM
-      add             rAD_T2 = rAD_TB2, rIndex_2_16
-      shladd          rAD_T1 = rIndex_1, 4, rAD_TB1
+(p13) ldfe f52 = [r35],16 ;; 
+(p12) ldfe f54 = [r35],16 
+	nop.i 999 ;;
 }
-;;
 
-// Create Scale = 2^M
-// Load T1 and T2
+{ .mfi
+(p13) ldfe f53 = [r35],16 
+(p13) fmpy.s1 f58 = f48, f50 
+	nop.i 999 ;;
+}
+//
+//    Flag_not1: poly_lo = P_5 + r*P_6
+//    Flag_1: poly_lo = Q_6 + r*Q_7
+//
+
 { .mmi
-      setf.exp        f2M = rBiased_M
-      ldfe            fT2  = [rAD_T2]
-      nop.i           0
+(p13) ldfe f54 = [r35],16 ;; 
+(p12) ldfe f55 = [r35],16 
+	nop.i 999 ;;
+}
+
+{ .mmi
+(p12) ldfe f56 = [r35],16 ;; 
+(p13) ldfe f55 = [r35],16 
+	nop.i 999 ;;
+}
+
+{ .mmi
+(p12) ldfe f57 = [r35],0 ;; 
+(p13) ldfe f56 = [r35],16 
+	nop.i 999 ;;
 }
-;;
 
 { .mfi
-      ldfe            fT1  = [rAD_T1]
-      fmpy.s0         fTmp = fLn2_by_128_lo, fLn2_by_128_lo // Force inexact
-      nop.i           0
+(p13) ldfe f57 = [r35],0 
+	nop.f 999
+	nop.i 999 ;;
 }
-;;
 
 { .mfi
-      nop.m           0
-      fma.s1          fP54 = fR, fP5, fP4
-      nop.i           0
+	nop.m 999
+//
+//    For  Flag_not_1, load p5,p6,p1,p2
+//    Else load p5,p6,p1,p2
+//
+(p12) fma.s1 f60 = f52, f42, f53 
+	nop.i 999 ;;
 }
+
 { .mfi
-      nop.m           0
-      fma.s1          fP32 = fR, fP3, fP2
-      nop.i           0
+	nop.m 999
+(p13) fma.s1 f60 = f51, f42, f52 
+	nop.i 999 ;;
 }
-;;
 
 { .mfi
-      nop.m           0
-      fma.s1          fRsq = fR, fR, f0
-      nop.i           0
+	nop.m 999
+(p12) fma.s1 f60 = f60, f42, f54 
+	nop.i 999 ;;
 }
-;;
 
 { .mfi
-      nop.m           0
-      fma.s1          fP5432  = fRsq, fP54, fP32
-      nop.i           0
+	nop.m 999
+(p12) fma.s1 f59 = f56, f42, f57 
+	nop.i 999 ;;
+}
+
+{ .mfi
+	nop.m 999
+(p13) fma.s1 f60 = f42, f60, f53 
+	nop.i 999 ;;
 }
-;;
 
 { .mfi
-      nop.m           0
-      fma.s1          fS2  = fF,fT2,f0
-      nop.i           0
+	nop.m 999
+(p12) fma.s1 f59 = f59, f48, f42 
+	nop.i 999 ;;
 }
+
 { .mfi
-      nop.m           0
-      fma.s1          fS1  = f2M,fT1,f0
-      nop.i           0
+	nop.m 999
+//
+//    Flag_1: poly_lo = Q_5 + r*(Q_6 + r*Q_7) 
+//    Flag_not1: poly_lo = P_4 + r*(P_5 + r*P_6)
+//    Flag_not1: poly_hi = (P_1 + r*P_2)
+//
+(p13) fmpy.s1 f60 = f60, f58 
+	nop.i 999 ;;
 }
-;;
 
 { .mfi
-      nop.m           0
-      fma.s1          fP = fRsq, fP5432, fR
-      nop.i           0
+	nop.m 999
+(p12) fma.s1 f60 = f60, f42, f55 
+	nop.i 999 ;;
+}
+
+{ .mfi
+	nop.m 999
+//
+//    Flag_1: poly_lo = r6 *(Q_5 + ....)
+//    Flag_not1: poly_hi =  r + rsq *(P_1 + r*P_2)
+//
+(p12) fma.s1 f35 = f60, f50, f59 
+	nop.i 999
 }
-;;
 
 { .mfi
-      nop.m           0
-      fms.s1          fSm1 = fS1,fS2,f1    // S - 1.0
-      nop.i           0
+	nop.m 999
+(p13) fma.s1 f59 = f54, f42, f55 
+	nop.i 999 ;;
 }
+
+{ .mfi
+	nop.m 999
+//
+//    Flag_not1: Y_lo = rsq* poly_hi + poly_lo 
+//    Flag_1: poly_lo = rsq* poly_hi + poly_lo 
+//
+(p13) fma.s1 f59 = f59, f42, f56 
+	nop.i 999 ;;
+}
+
+{ .mfi
+	nop.m 999
+//
+//    Flag_not_1: (P_1 + r*P_2) 
+//
+(p13) fma.s1 f59 = f59, f42, f57 
+	nop.i 999 ;;
+}
+
+{ .mfi
+	nop.m 999
+//
+//    Flag_not_1: poly_hi = r + rsq * (P_1 + r*P_2) 
+//
+(p13) fma.s1 f35 = f59, f48, f60 
+	nop.i 999 ;;
+}
+
+{ .mfi
+	nop.m 999
+//
+//    Create 0.000...01
+//
+(p0)  for f37 = f35, f37 
+	nop.i 999 ;;
+}
+
 { .mfb
-      nop.m           0
-      fma.s1          fS   = fS1,fS2,f0
-(p14) br.cond.spnt    EXPM1_POSSIBLE_OVERFLOW
+	nop.m 999
+//
+//    Set lsb of Y_lo to 1
+//
+(p0)  fmerge.se f35 = f35,f37 
+(p0)  br.cond.sptk EXP_MAIN ;; 
+}
+EXP_VERY_SMALL: 
+
+{ .mmi
+      nop.m 999
+(p13) addl r34 = @ltoff(Constants_exp_64_Exponents#),gp 
+      nop.i 999;;
+}
+
+{ .mfi
+(p13) ld8  r34 = [r34];
+(p12) mov f35 = f9 
+      nop.i 999 ;;
 }
-;;
 
 { .mfb
-      nop.m           0
-      fma.d.s0        f8 = fS, fP, fSm1
-      br.ret.sptk     b0                // Normal path exit
+	nop.m 999
+(p12) mov f34 = f1 
+(p12) br.cond.sptk EXP_MAIN ;; 
 }
-;;
 
-// Here if 2^-60 <= |x| <2^-2
-// Compute 13th order polynomial
-EXPM1_SMALL:
-{ .mmf
-      ldfe            fQ3 = [rAD_Q1], 16
-      ldfe            fQ2 = [rAD_Q2], 16
-      fma.s1          fX4 = fXsq, fXsq, f0
+{ .mlx
+(p13) add  r34 = 8,r34 
+(p13) movl r39 = 0x0FFFE ;; 
 }
-;;
+//
+//    Load big_exp_neg 
+//    Create 1/2's exponent
+//
+
+{ .mii
+(p13) setf.exp f56 = r39 
+(p13) shladd r34 = r32,4,r34 ;;  
+	nop.i 999
+}
+//
+//    Negative exponents are stored after positive
+//
 
 { .mfi
-      nop.m           0
-      fma.s1          fQDC = fQD, fNormX, fQC
-      nop.i           0
+(p13) ld8 r45 = [r34],0
+//
+//    Y_hi = x
+//    Scale = 1
+//
+(p13) fmpy.s1 f35 = f9, f9 
+	nop.i 999 ;;
 }
+
 { .mfi
-      nop.m           0
-      fma.s1          fQBA = fQB, fNormX, fQA
-      nop.i           0
+	nop.m 999
+//
+//    Reset Safe if necessary 
+//    Create 1/2
+//
+(p13) mov f34 = f9 
+	nop.i 999 ;;
 }
-;;
 
 { .mfi
-      nop.m           0
-      fma.s1          fQ98 = fQ9, fNormX, fQ8
-      nop.i           0
+(p13) cmp.lt.unc  p0, p15 =  r37, r45 
+(p13) mov f36 = f1 
+	nop.i 999 ;;
+}
+
+{ .mfb
+	nop.m 999
+//
+//    Y_lo = x * x
+//
+(p13) fmpy.s1 f35 = f35, f56 
+//
+//    Y_lo = x*x/2 
+//
+(p13) br.cond.sptk EXP_MAIN ;; 
 }
+EXP_HUGE: 
+
 { .mfi
-      nop.m           0
-      fma.s1          fQ76= fQ7, fNormX, fQ6
-      nop.i           0
+	nop.m 999
+(p0)  fcmp.gt.unc.s1 p14, p0 =  f9, f0 
+	nop.i 999
+}
+
+{ .mlx
+	nop.m 999
+(p0)  movl r39 = 0x15DC0 ;; 
 }
-;;
 
 { .mfi
-      nop.m           0
-      fma.s1          fQ54 = fQ5, fNormX, fQ4
-      nop.i           0
+(p14) setf.exp f34 = r39 
+(p14) mov f35 = f1 
+(p14) cmp.eq  p0, p15 =  r0, r0 ;; 
+}
+
+{ .mfb
+	nop.m 999
+(p14) mov f36 = f34 
+//
+//    If x > 0, Set Safe = False
+//    If x > 0, Y_hi = 2**(24,000)
+//    If x > 0, Y_lo = 1.0
+//    If x > 0, Scale = 2**(24,000)
+//
+(p14) br.cond.sptk EXP_MAIN ;; 
+}
+
+{ .mlx
+	nop.m 999
+(p12) movl r39 = 0xA240 
+}
+
+{ .mlx
+	nop.m 999
+(p12) movl r38 = 0xA1DC ;; 
+}
+
+{ .mmb
+(p13) cmp.eq  p15, p14 =  r0, r0 
+(p12) setf.exp f34 = r39 
+	nop.b 999 ;;
+}
+
+{ .mlx
+(p12) setf.exp f35 = r38 
+(p13) movl r39 = 0xFF9C 
 }
-;;
 
 { .mfi
-      nop.m           0
-      fma.s1          fX6 = fX4, fXsq, f0
-      nop.i           0
+	nop.m 999
+(p13) fsub.s1 f34 = f0, f1
+	nop.i 999 ;;
 }
+
 { .mfi
-      nop.m           0
-      fma.s1          fQ32= fQ3, fNormX, fQ2
-      nop.i           0
+	nop.m 999
+(p12) mov f36 = f34 
+(p12) cmp.eq  p0, p15 =  r0, r0 ;; 
 }
-;;
 
 { .mfi
-      nop.m           0
-      fma.s1          fQDCBA = fQDC, fXsq, fQBA
-      nop.i           0
+(p13) setf.exp f35 = r39 
+(p13) mov f36 = f1 
+	nop.i 999 ;;
 }
+EXP_MAIN: 
+
 { .mfi
-      nop.m           0
-      fma.s1          fQ7654 = fQ76, fXsq, fQ54
-      nop.i           0
+(p0)  cmp.ne.unc p12, p0 = 0x01, r33
+(p0)  fmpy.s1 f101 = f36, f35 
+	nop.i 999 ;;
+}
+
+{ .mfb
+	nop.m 999
+(p0)  fma.d.s0 f99 = f34, f36, f101 
+(p15)  br.cond.sptk EXP_64_RETURN;;
 }
-;;
 
 { .mfi
-      nop.m           0
-      fma.s1          fQDCBA98 = fQDCBA, fXsq, fQ98
-      nop.i           0
+	nop.m 999
+(p0)  fsetc.s3 0x7F,0x01
+	nop.i 999
 }
+
+{ .mlx
+	nop.m 999
+(p0)  movl r50 = 0x000000000103FF ;;
+}
+//    
+//    S0 user supplied status
+//    S2 user supplied status + WRE + TD  (Overflows) 
+//    S3 user supplied status + RZ + TD   (Underflows) 
+//    
+//    
+//    If (Safe) is true, then
+//        Compute result using user supplied status field.
+//        No overflow or underflow here, but perhaps inexact.
+//        Return
+//    Else
+//       Determine if overflow or underflow  was raised.
+//       Fetch +/- overflow threshold for IEEE single, double,
+//       double extended   
+//    
+
 { .mfi
-      nop.m           0
-      fma.s1          fQ765432 = fQ7654, fXsq, fQ32
-      nop.i           0
+(p0)  setf.exp f60 = r50
+(p0)  fma.d.s3 f102 = f34, f36, f101 
+	nop.i 999
 }
-;;
 
 { .mfi
-      nop.m           0
-      fma.s1          fQDCBA98765432 = fQDCBA98, fX6, fQ765432
-      nop.i           0
+	nop.m 999
+(p0)  fsetc.s3 0x7F,0x40 
+	nop.i 999 ;;
 }
-;;
 
-{ .mfb
-      nop.m           0
-      fma.d.s0        f8 = fQDCBA98765432, fXsq, fNormX
-      br.ret.sptk     b0                   // Exit small branch
+{ .mfi
+	nop.m 999
+//
+//    For Safe, no need to check for over/under. 
+//    For expm1, handle errors like exp. 
+//
+(p0)  fsetc.s2 0x7F,0x42
+	nop.i 999;;
+}
+
+{ .mfi
+	nop.m 999
+(p0)  fma.d.s2 f100 = f34, f36, f101 
+	nop.i 999 ;;
+}
+
+{ .mfi
+	nop.m 999
+(p0)  fsetc.s2 0x7F,0x40 
+	nop.i 999 ;;
 }
-;;
 
+{ .mfi
+	nop.m 999
+(p7)  fclass.m.unc   p12, p0 =  f102, 0x00F
+	nop.i 999
+}
+
+{ .mfi
+	nop.m 999
+(p0)  fclass.m.unc   p11, p0 =  f102, 0x00F
+	nop.i 999 ;;
+}
+
+{ .mfi
+	nop.m 999
+(p7)  fcmp.ge.unc.s1 p10, p0 =  f100, f60
+	nop.i 999
+}
+
+{ .mfi
+	nop.m 999
+//    
+//    Create largest double exponent + 1.
+//    Create smallest double exponent - 1.
+//    
+(p0)  fcmp.ge.unc.s1 p8, p0 =  f100, f60
+	nop.i 999 ;;
+}
+//    
+//    fcmp:   resultS2 >= + overflow threshold  -> set (a) if true
+//    fcmp:   resultS2 <= - overflow threshold  -> set (b) if true
+//    fclass: resultS3 is denorm/unorm/0        -> set (d) if true
+//    
+
+{ .mib
+(p10) mov   r65 = 41
+	nop.i 999
+(p10) br.cond.sptk __libm_error_region ;;
+}
+
+{ .mib
+(p8)  mov   r65 = 14
+	nop.i 999
+(p8)  br.cond.sptk __libm_error_region ;;
+}
+//    
+//    Report that exp overflowed
+//    
 
-EXPM1_POSSIBLE_OVERFLOW:
+{ .mib
+(p12) mov   r65 = 42
+	nop.i 999
+(p12) br.cond.sptk __libm_error_region ;;
+}
 
-// Here if fMAX_DBL_NORM_ARG < x < fMIN_DBL_OFLOW_ARG
-// This cannot happen if input is a double, only if input higher precision.
-// Overflow is a possibility, not a certainty.
+{ .mib
+(p11) mov   r65 = 15
+	nop.i 999
+(p11) br.cond.sptk __libm_error_region ;;
+}
 
-// Recompute result using status field 2 with user's rounding mode,
-// and wre set.  If result is larger than largest double, then we have
-// overflow
+{ .mib
+	nop.m 999
+	nop.i 999
+//    
+//    Report that exp underflowed
+//    
+(p0)  br.cond.sptk EXP_64_RETURN;;
+}
+EXP_64_SPECIAL: 
 
 { .mfi
-      mov             rGt_ln  = 0x103ff // Exponent for largest dbl + 1 ulp
-      fsetc.s2        0x7F,0x42         // Get user's round mode, set wre
-      nop.i           0
+	nop.m 999
+(p0)  fclass.m.unc p6,  p0 =  f8, 0x0c3 
+	nop.i 999
 }
-;;
 
 { .mfi
-      setf.exp        fGt_pln = rGt_ln  // Create largest double + 1 ulp
-      fma.d.s2        fWre_urm_f8 = fS, fP, fSm1  // Result with wre set
-      nop.i           0
+	nop.m 999
+(p0)  fclass.m.unc p13, p8 =  f8, 0x007 
+	nop.i 999 ;;
 }
-;;
 
 { .mfi
-      nop.m           0
-      fsetc.s2        0x7F,0x40                   // Turn off wre in sf2
-      nop.i           0
+	nop.m 999
+(p7)  fclass.m.unc p14, p0 =  f8, 0x007 
+	nop.i 999
 }
-;;
 
 { .mfi
-      nop.m           0
-      fcmp.ge.s1      p6, p0 =  fWre_urm_f8, fGt_pln // Test for overflow
-      nop.i           0
+	nop.m 999
+(p0)  fclass.m.unc p12, p9 =  f8, 0x021 
+	nop.i 999 ;;
 }
-;;
 
-{ .mfb
-      nop.m           0
-      nop.f           0
-(p6)  br.cond.spnt    EXPM1_CERTAIN_OVERFLOW // Branch if overflow
+{ .mfi
+	nop.m 999
+(p0)  fclass.m.unc p11, p0 =  f8, 0x022 
+	nop.i 999
 }
-;;
 
-{ .mfb
-      nop.m           0
-      fma.d.s0        f8 = fS, fP, fSm1
-      br.ret.sptk     b0                     // Exit if really no overflow
+{ .mfi
+	nop.m 999
+(p7)  fclass.m.unc p10, p0 =  f8, 0x022 
+	nop.i 999 ;;
 }
-;;
 
-EXPM1_CERTAIN_OVERFLOW:
-{ .mmi
-      sub             rTmp = rExp_mask, r0, 1
-;;
-      setf.exp        fTmp = rTmp
-      nop.i           0
+{ .mfi
+	nop.m 999
+//    
+//    Identify +/- 0, Inf, or -Inf 
+//    Generate the right kind of NaN.
+//    
+(p13) fadd.d.s0 f99 = f0, f1 
+	nop.i 999 ;;
 }
-;;
 
 { .mfi
-      alloc           r32=ar.pfs,1,4,4,0
-      fmerge.s        FR_X = f8,f8
-      nop.i           0
+	nop.m 999
+(p14) mov f99 = f8 
+	nop.i 999 ;;
 }
+
 { .mfb
-      mov             GR_Parameter_TAG = 41
-      fma.d.s0        FR_RESULT = fTmp, fTmp, f0    // Set I,O and +INF result
-      br.cond.sptk    __libm_error_region
+	nop.m 999
+(p6)  fadd.d.s0 f99 = f8, f1 
+//    
+//    exp(+/-0) = 1 
+//    expm1(+/-0) = +/-0 
+//    No exceptions raised
+//    
+(p6)  br.cond.sptk EXP_64_RETURN;;
 }
-;;
 
-// Here if x unorm
-EXPM1_UNORM:
-{ .mfb
-      getf.exp        rSignexp_x = fNormX    // Must recompute if x unorm
-      fcmp.eq.s0      p6, p0 = f8, f0        // Set D flag
-      br.cond.sptk    EXPM1_COMMON
+{ .mib
+	nop.m 999
+	nop.i 999
+(p14)  br.cond.sptk EXP_64_RETURN;;
 }
-;;
 
-// here if result will be -1 and inexact, x <= -48.0
-EXPM1_CERTAIN_MINUS_ONE:
-{ .mmi
-      mov             rTmp = 1
-;;
-      setf.exp        fTmp = rTmp
-      nop.i           0
+{ .mfi
+	nop.m 999
+(p11) mov f99 = f0 
+	nop.i 999 ;;
 }
-;;
 
 { .mfb
-      nop.m           0
-      fms.d.s0        FR_RESULT = fTmp, fTmp, f1 // Set I, rounded -1+eps result
-      br.ret.sptk     b0
+	nop.m 999
+(p10) fsub.d.s1 f99 = f0, f1 
+//    
+//    exp(-Inf) = 0 
+//    expm1(-Inf) = -1 
+//    No exceptions raised.
+//    
+(p10)  br.cond.sptk EXP_64_RETURN;;
 }
-;;
 
-GLOBAL_IEEE754_END(expm1)
+{ .mfb
+	nop.m 999
+(p12) fmpy.d.s1 f99 = f8, f1 
+//    
+//    exp(+Inf) = Inf 
+//    No exceptions raised.
+//    
+(p0)  br.cond.sptk EXP_64_RETURN;;
+}
 
 
-LOCAL_LIBM_ENTRY(__libm_error_region)
+EXP_64_UNSUPPORTED: 
+
+{ .mfb
+       nop.m 999
+(p0)  fmpy.d.s0 f99 = f8, f0 
+      nop.b 0;;
+}
+
+EXP_64_RETURN:
+{ .mfb
+      nop.m 999
+(p0)  mov   f8     = f99
+(p0)  br.ret.sptk   b0
+}
+.endp expm1
+ASM_SIZE_DIRECTIVE(expm1)
+
+.proc __libm_error_region
+__libm_error_region:
 .prologue
+// (1)
 { .mfi
         add   GR_Parameter_Y=-32,sp             // Parameter 2 value
         nop.f 0
@@ -843,32 +1716,38 @@ LOCAL_LIBM_ENTRY(__libm_error_region)
 }
 { .mfi
 .fframe 64
-        add sp=-64,sp                           // Create new stack
+        add sp=-64,sp                          // Create new stack
         nop.f 0
-        mov GR_SAVE_GP=gp                       // Save gp
+        mov GR_SAVE_GP=gp                      // Save gp
 };;
+
+// (2)
 { .mmi
         stfd [GR_Parameter_Y] = FR_Y,16         // STORE Parameter 2 on stack
-        add GR_Parameter_X = 16,sp              // Parameter 1 address
+        add GR_Parameter_X = 16,sp            // Parameter 1 address
 .save   b0, GR_SAVE_B0
-        mov GR_SAVE_B0=b0                       // Save b0
+        mov GR_SAVE_B0=b0                     // Save b0
 };;
+
 .body
+// (3)
 { .mib
-        stfd [GR_Parameter_X] = FR_X            // STORE Parameter 1 on stack
+        stfd [GR_Parameter_X] = FR_X                    // STORE Parameter 1 on stack
         add   GR_Parameter_RESULT = 0,GR_Parameter_Y  // Parameter 3 address
-	nop.b 0
+        nop.b 0                                 
 }
 { .mib
-        stfd [GR_Parameter_Y] = FR_RESULT       // STORE Parameter 3 on stack
+        stfd [GR_Parameter_Y] = FR_RESULT                   // STORE Parameter 3 on stack
         add   GR_Parameter_Y = -16,GR_Parameter_Y
-        br.call.sptk b0=__libm_error_support#   // Call error handling function
+        br.call.sptk b0=__libm_error_support#         // Call error handling function
 };;
 { .mmi
-        add   GR_Parameter_RESULT = 48,sp
         nop.m 0
-        nop.i 0
+        nop.m 0
+        add   GR_Parameter_RESULT = 48,sp
 };;
+
+// (4)
 { .mmi
         ldfd  f8 = [GR_Parameter_RESULT]       // Get return result off stack
 .restore sp
@@ -881,6 +1760,9 @@ LOCAL_LIBM_ENTRY(__libm_error_region)
         br.ret.sptk     b0                     // Return
 };;
 
-LOCAL_LIBM_END(__libm_error_region)
+.endp __libm_error_region
+ASM_SIZE_DIRECTIVE(__libm_error_region)
+
+
 .type   __libm_error_support#,@function
 .global __libm_error_support#