Increase fork signal safety for single-threaded processes [BZ #19703]

This provides a band-aid and addresses the scenario where fork is
called from a signal handler while the process is in the malloc
subsystem (or has acquired the libio list lock).  It does not
address the general issue of async-signal-safety of fork;
multi-threaded processes are not covered, and some glibc
subsystems have fork handlers which are not async-signal-safe.

(cherry picked from commit 56290d6e762c1194547e73ff0b948cd79d3a1e03)
(cherry picked from commit 2143af6a47027c48d8dc168e255d8f527377bc56)

1 files changed, 212 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/malloc/tst-mallocfork2.c b/malloc/tst-mallocfork2.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..a9e3e94aad
--- /dev/null
+++ b/malloc/tst-mallocfork2.c
@@ -0,0 +1,212 @@
+/* Test case for async-signal-safe fork (with respect to malloc).
+   Copyright (C) 2016 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+   This file is part of the GNU C Library.
+
+   The GNU C Library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
+   modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as
+   published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the
+   License, or (at your option) any later version.
+
+   The GNU C Library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
+   Lesser General Public License for more details.
+
+   You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
+   License along with the GNU C Library; see the file COPYING.LIB.  If
+   not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.  */
+
+/* This test will fail if the process is multi-threaded because we
+   only have an async-signal-safe fork in the single-threaded case
+   (where we skip acquiring the malloc heap locks).
+
+   This test only checks async-signal-safety with regards to malloc;
+   other, more rarely-used glibc subsystems could have locks which
+   still make fork unsafe, even in single-threaded processes.  */
+
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <signal.h>
+#include <stdbool.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <sys/wait.h>
+#include <time.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+
+/* How many malloc objects to keep arond.  */
+enum { malloc_objects = 1009 };
+
+/* The maximum size of an object.  */
+enum { malloc_maximum_size = 70000 };
+
+/* How many signals need to be delivered before the test exits.  */
+enum { signal_count = 1000 };
+
+
+/* Process ID of the subprocess which sends SIGUSR1 signals.  */
+static pid_t sigusr1_sender_pid;
+
+/* Set to 1 if SIGUSR1 is received.  Used to detect a signal during
+   malloc/free.  */
+static volatile sig_atomic_t sigusr1_received;
+
+/* Periodically set to 1, to indicate that the process is making
+   progress.  Checked by liveness_signal_handler.  */
+static volatile sig_atomic_t progress_indicator = 1;
+
+/* Write the message to standard output.  Usable from signal
+   handlers.  */
+static void
+write_message (const char *str)
+{
+  write (STDOUT_FILENO, str, strlen (str));
+}
+
+static void
+sigusr1_handler (int signo)
+{
+  /* Let the main program make progress, by temporarily suspending
+     signals from the subprocess.  */
+  if (sigusr1_received)
+    return;
+  if (kill (sigusr1_sender_pid, SIGSTOP) != 0)
+    {
+      write_message ("error: kill (SIGSTOP)\n");
+      abort ();
+    }
+  sigusr1_received = 1;
+
+  /* Perform a fork with a trivial subprocess.  */
+  pid_t pid = fork ();
+  if (pid == -1)
+    {
+      write_message ("error: fork\n");
+      abort ();
+    }
+  if (pid == 0)
+    _exit (0);
+  int status;
+  int ret = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY (waitpid (pid, &status, 0));
+  if (ret < 0)
+    {
+      write_message ("error: waitpid\n");
+      abort ();
+    }
+  if (status != 0)
+    {
+      write_message ("error: unexpected exit status from subprocess\n");
+      abort ();
+    }
+}
+
+static void
+liveness_signal_handler (int signo)
+{
+  if (progress_indicator)
+    progress_indicator = 0;
+  else
+    write_message ("warning: process seems to be stuck\n");
+}
+
+static void
+__attribute__ ((noreturn))
+signal_sender (int signo, bool sleep)
+{
+  pid_t target = getppid ();
+  while (true)
+    {
+      if (kill (target, signo) != 0)
+        {
+          dprintf (STDOUT_FILENO, "error: kill: %m\n");
+          abort ();
+        }
+      if (sleep)
+        usleep (1 * 1000 * 1000);
+    }
+}
+
+static int
+do_test (void)
+{
+  struct sigaction action =
+    {
+      .sa_handler = sigusr1_handler,
+    };
+  sigemptyset (&action.sa_mask);
+
+  if (sigaction (SIGUSR1, &action, NULL) != 0)
+    {
+      printf ("error: sigaction: %m");
+      return 1;
+    }
+
+  action.sa_handler = liveness_signal_handler;
+  if (sigaction (SIGUSR2, &action, NULL) != 0)
+    {
+      printf ("error: sigaction: %m");
+      return 1;
+    }
+
+  pid_t sigusr2_sender_pid = fork ();
+  if (sigusr2_sender_pid == 0)
+    signal_sender (SIGUSR2, true);
+  sigusr1_sender_pid = fork ();
+  if (sigusr1_sender_pid == 0)
+    signal_sender (SIGUSR1, false);
+
+  void *objects[malloc_objects] = {};
+  unsigned signals = 0;
+  unsigned seed = 1;
+  time_t last_report = 0;
+  while (signals < signal_count)
+    {
+      progress_indicator = 1;
+      int slot = rand_r (&seed) % malloc_objects;
+      size_t size = rand_r (&seed) % malloc_maximum_size;
+      if (kill (sigusr1_sender_pid, SIGCONT) != 0)
+        {
+          printf ("error: kill (SIGCONT): %m\n");
+          signal (SIGUSR1, SIG_IGN);
+          kill (sigusr1_sender_pid, SIGKILL);
+          kill (sigusr2_sender_pid, SIGKILL);
+          return 1;
+        }
+      sigusr1_received = false;
+      free (objects[slot]);
+      objects[slot] = malloc (size);
+      if (sigusr1_received)
+        {
+          ++signals;
+          time_t current = time (0);
+          if (current != last_report)
+            {
+              printf ("info: SIGUSR1 signal count: %u\n", signals);
+              last_report = current;
+            }
+        }
+      if (objects[slot] == NULL)
+        {
+          printf ("error: malloc: %m\n");
+          signal (SIGUSR1, SIG_IGN);
+          kill (sigusr1_sender_pid, SIGKILL);
+          kill (sigusr2_sender_pid, SIGKILL);
+          return 1;
+        }
+    }
+
+  /* Clean up allocations.  */
+  for (int slot = 0; slot < malloc_objects; ++slot)
+    free (objects[slot]);
+
+  /* Terminate the signal-sending subprocess.  The SIGUSR1 handler
+     should no longer run because it uses sigusr1_sender_pid.  */
+  signal (SIGUSR1, SIG_IGN);
+  kill (sigusr1_sender_pid, SIGKILL);
+  kill (sigusr2_sender_pid, SIGKILL);
+
+  return 0;
+}
+
+#define TEST_FUNCTION do_test ()
+#include "../test-skeleton.c"