Make endian-conversion macros always return correct types (bug 16458).

Bug 16458 reports that the endian-conversion macros in <endian.h> and
<netinet/in.h>, in the case where no endian conversion is needed, just
return their arguments without converting to the expected return type,
so failing to act as expected for a macro version of a function.  (The
<netinet/in.h> macros, in particular, are described with prototypes in
POSIX so should act like correspondingly prototyped functions.)

Where previously this was a fairly obscure issue, it now results in
glibc build with GCC mainline breaking for big-endian systems:

nss_hesiod/hesiod-service.c: In function '_nss_hesiod_getservbyport_r':
nss_hesiod/hesiod-service.c:142:39: error: '%d' directive output may be truncated writing between 1 and 11 bytes into a region of size 6 [-Werror=format-truncation=]
   snprintf (portstr, sizeof portstr, "%d", ntohs (port));
                                       ^~
nss_hesiod/hesiod-service.c:142:38: note: using the range [1, -2147483648] for directive argument
   snprintf (portstr, sizeof portstr, "%d", ntohs (port));
                                      ^~~~
nss_hesiod/hesiod-service.c:142:3: note: format output between 2 and 12 bytes into a destination of size 6
   snprintf (portstr, sizeof portstr, "%d", ntohs (port));
   ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

The port argument is passed as int to this function, so when ntohs
does not convert the compiler cannot tell that the result is within
the range of uint16_t.  (I don't know if in fact it's possible for
out-of-range values to reach this function and so get truncated as
strings without this patch or as integers with it.)

This patch arranges for these macros to use identity functions to
ensure appropriate conversions while having warnings for implicit
conversions of function arguments that might not occur with a cast.

Tested for x86_64 and x86; with build-many-glibcs.py with GCC 6; and
with build-many-glibcs.py with GCC mainline for powerpc to test the
build fix.

	[BZ #16458]
	* bits/uintn-identity.h: New file.
	* inet/netinet/in.h: Include <bits/uintn-identity.h>.
	[__BYTE_ORDER == __BIG_ENDIAN] (ntohl): Use __uint32_identity.
	[__BYTE_ORDER == __BIG_ENDIAN] (ntohs): Use __uint16_identity.
	[__BYTE_ORDER == __BIG_ENDIAN] (htonl): Use __uint32_identity.
	[__BYTE_ORDER == __BIG_ENDIAN] (htohs): Use __uint16_identity.
	* string/endian.h: Include <bits/uintn-identity.h>.
	[__BYTE_ORDER == __LITTLE_ENDIAN] (htole16): Use
	__uint16_identity.
	[__BYTE_ORDER == __LITTLE_ENDIAN] (le16toh): Likewise.
	[__BYTE_ORDER == __LITTLE_ENDIAN] (htole32): Use
	__uint32_identity.
	[__BYTE_ORDER == __LITTLE_ENDIAN] (le32toh): Likewise.
	[__BYTE_ORDER == __LITTLE_ENDIAN] (htole64): Use
	__uint64_identity.
	[__BYTE_ORDER == __LITTLE_ENDIAN] (le64toh): Likewise.
	[__BYTE_ORDER != __LITTLE_ENDIAN] (htobe16): Use
	__uint16_identity.
	[__BYTE_ORDER != __LITTLE_ENDIAN] (be16toh): Likewise.
	[__BYTE_ORDER != __LITTLE_ENDIAN] (htobe32): Use
	__uint32_identity.
	[__BYTE_ORDER != __LITTLE_ENDIAN] (be32toh): Likewise.
	[__BYTE_ORDER != __LITTLE_ENDIAN] (htobe64): Use
	__uint64_identity.
	[__BYTE_ORDER != __LITTLE_ENDIAN] (be64toh): Likewise.
	* string/Makefile (headers): Add bits/uintn-identity.h.
	(tests): Add test-endian-types.
	* string/test-endian-types.c: New file.
	* inet/Makefile (tests): Add test-hnto-types.
	* inet/test-hnto-types.c: New file.

1 files changed, 50 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/bits/uintn-identity.h b/bits/uintn-identity.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..d2152c283a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bits/uintn-identity.h
@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+/* Inline functions to return unsigned integer values unchanged.
+   Copyright (C) 2017 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+   This file is part of the GNU C Library.
+
+   The GNU C Library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
+   modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public
+   License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
+   version 2.1 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
+
+   The GNU C Library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
+   Lesser General Public License for more details.
+
+   You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
+   License along with the GNU C Library; if not, see
+   <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.  */
+
+#if !defined _NETINET_IN_H && !defined _ENDIAN_H
+# error "Never use <bits/uintn-identity.h> directly; include <netinet/in.h> or <endian.h> instead."
+#endif
+
+#ifndef _BITS_UINTN_IDENTITY_H
+#define _BITS_UINTN_IDENTITY_H 1
+
+#include <bits/types.h>
+
+/* These inline functions are to ensure the appropriate type
+   conversions and associated diagnostics from macros that convert to
+   a given endianness.  */
+
+static __inline __uint16_t
+__uint16_identity (__uint16_t __x)
+{
+  return __x;
+}
+
+static __inline __uint32_t
+__uint32_identity (__uint32_t __x)
+{
+  return __x;
+}
+
+static __inline __uint64_t
+__uint64_identity (__uint64_t __x)
+{
+  return __x;
+}
+
+#endif /* _BITS_UINTN_IDENTITY_H.  */