Update timezone code from tzcode 2013i.

Now we have Paul's support for version-3 tz files checked in, this
patch updates all the code we take (unmodified) from tzcode to version
2013i (which includes the support for generating version-3 tz files
where necessary).

Tested x86_64.

	* timezone/checktab.awk: Update from tzcode 2013i.
	* timezone/private.h: Likewise.
	* timezone/scheck.c: Likewise.
	* timezone/tzfile.h: Likewise.
	* timezone/tzselect.ksh: Likewise.
	* timezone/zdump.c: Likewise.
	* timezone/zic.c: Likewise.

8 files changed, 1072 insertions, 480 deletions

diff --git a/ChangeLog b/ChangeLog
index 1a1b93237e..80fab8e00e 100644
--- a/ChangeLog
+++ b/ChangeLog
@@ -1,5 +1,13 @@
 2013-12-20  Joseph Myers  <joseph@codesourcery.com>
 
+	* timezone/checktab.awk: Update from tzcode 2013i.
+	* timezone/private.h: Likewise.
+	* timezone/scheck.c: Likewise.
+	* timezone/tzfile.h: Likewise.
+	* timezone/tzselect.ksh: Likewise.
+	* timezone/zdump.c: Likewise.
+	* timezone/zic.c: Likewise.
+
 	* math/auto-libm-test-in: Add tests of cpow.
 	* math/auto-libm-test-out: Regenerated.
 	* math/libm-test.inc (cpow_test_data): Use AUTO_TESTS_cc_c.
diff --git a/timezone/checktab.awk b/timezone/checktab.awk
index c88b12f1ba..fec4f628e5 100644
--- a/timezone/checktab.awk
+++ b/timezone/checktab.awk
@@ -9,6 +9,9 @@ BEGIN {
 	if (!zone_table) zone_table = "zone.tab"
 	if (!want_warnings) want_warnings = -1
 
+	# A special (and we hope temporary) case.
+	tztab["America/Montreal"] = 1
+
 	while (getline <iso_table) {
 		iso_NR++
 		if ($0 ~ /^#/) continue
@@ -69,13 +72,10 @@ BEGIN {
 			status = 1
 		}
 		cc0 = cc
-		if (tz2cc[tz]) {
-			printf "%s:%d: %s: duplicate TZ column\n", \
-				zone_table, zone_NR, tz >>"/dev/stderr"
-			status = 1
-		}
-		tz2cc[tz] = cc
-		tz2comments[tz] = comments
+		cctz = cc tz
+		cctztab[cctz] = 1
+		tztab[tz] = 1
+		tz2comments[cctz] = comments
 		tz2NR[tz] = zone_NR
 		if (cc2name[cc]) {
 			cc_used[cc]++
@@ -92,16 +92,19 @@ BEGIN {
 		}
 	}
 
-	for (tz in tz2cc) {
-		if (cc_used[tz2cc[tz]] == 1) {
-			if (tz2comments[tz]) {
+	for (cctz in cctztab) {
+		cc = substr (cctz, 1, 2)
+		tz = substr (cctz, 3)
+		if (cc_used[cc] == 1) {
+			if (tz2comments[cctz]) {
 				printf "%s:%d: unnecessary comment `%s'\n", \
-					zone_table, tz2NR[tz], tz2comments[tz] \
+					zone_table, tz2NR[tz], \
+					tz2comments[cctz] \
 					>>"/dev/stderr"
 				status = 1
 			}
 		} else {
-			if (!tz2comments[tz]) {
+			if (!tz2comments[cctz]) {
 				printf "%s:%d: missing comment\n", \
 					zone_table, tz2NR[tz] >>"/dev/stderr"
 				status = 1
@@ -125,7 +128,7 @@ BEGIN {
 		if (src != dst) tz = $3
 	}
 	if (tz && tz ~ /\//) {
-		if (!tz2cc[tz]) {
+		if (!tztab[tz]) {
 			printf "%s: no data for `%s'\n", zone_table, tz \
 				>>"/dev/stderr"
 			status = 1
diff --git a/timezone/private.h b/timezone/private.h
index 1d1d391f56..4eb0ab6221 100644
--- a/timezone/private.h
+++ b/timezone/private.h
@@ -34,6 +34,10 @@
 #define HAVE_INCOMPATIBLE_CTIME_R	0
 #endif /* !defined INCOMPATIBLE_CTIME_R */
 
+#ifndef HAVE_LINK
+#define HAVE_LINK		1
+#endif /* !defined HAVE_LINK */
+
 #ifndef HAVE_SETTIMEOFDAY
 #define HAVE_SETTIMEOFDAY	3
 #endif /* !defined HAVE_SETTIMEOFDAY */
@@ -124,19 +128,76 @@
 #include "stdint.h"
 #endif /* !HAVE_STDINT_H */
 
+#ifndef HAVE_INTTYPES_H
+# define HAVE_INTTYPES_H HAVE_STDINT_H
+#endif
+#if HAVE_INTTYPES_H
+# include <inttypes.h>
+#endif
+
 #ifndef INT_FAST64_MAX
 /* Pre-C99 GCC compilers define __LONG_LONG_MAX__ instead of LLONG_MAX.  */
 #if defined LLONG_MAX || defined __LONG_LONG_MAX__
 typedef long long	int_fast64_t;
+# ifdef LLONG_MAX
+#  define INT_FAST64_MIN LLONG_MIN
+#  define INT_FAST64_MAX LLONG_MAX
+# else
+#  define INT_FAST64_MIN __LONG_LONG_MIN__
+#  define INT_FAST64_MAX __LONG_LONG_MAX__
+# endif
+# define SCNdFAST64 "lld"
 #else /* ! (defined LLONG_MAX || defined __LONG_LONG_MAX__) */
 #if (LONG_MAX >> 31) < 0xffffffff
 Please use a compiler that supports a 64-bit integer type (or wider);
 you may need to compile with "-DHAVE_STDINT_H".
 #endif /* (LONG_MAX >> 31) < 0xffffffff */
 typedef long		int_fast64_t;
+# define INT_FAST64_MIN LONG_MIN
+# define INT_FAST64_MAX LONG_MAX
+# define SCNdFAST64 "ld"
 #endif /* ! (defined LLONG_MAX || defined __LONG_LONG_MAX__) */
 #endif /* !defined INT_FAST64_MAX */
 
+#ifndef INT_FAST32_MAX
+# if INT_MAX >> 31 == 0
+typedef long int_fast32_t;
+# else
+typedef int int_fast32_t;
+# endif
+#endif
+
+#ifndef INTMAX_MAX
+# if defined LLONG_MAX || defined __LONG_LONG_MAX__
+typedef long long intmax_t;
+#  define strtoimax strtoll
+#  define PRIdMAX "lld"
+#  ifdef LLONG_MAX
+#   define INTMAX_MAX LLONG_MAX
+#   define INTMAX_MIN LLONG_MIN
+#  else
+#   define INTMAX_MAX __LONG_LONG_MAX__
+#   define INTMAX_MIN __LONG_LONG_MIN__
+#  endif
+# else
+typedef long intmax_t;
+#  define strtoimax strtol
+#  define PRIdMAX "ld"
+#  define INTMAX_MAX LONG_MAX
+#  define INTMAX_MIN LONG_MIN
+# endif
+#endif
+
+#ifndef UINTMAX_MAX
+# if defined ULLONG_MAX || defined __LONG_LONG_MAX__
+typedef unsigned long long uintmax_t;
+#  define PRIuMAX "llu"
+# else
+typedef unsigned long uintmax_t;
+#  define PRIuMAX "lu"
+# endif
+#endif
+
 #ifndef INT32_MAX
 #define INT32_MAX 0x7fffffff
 #endif /* !defined INT32_MAX */
@@ -144,10 +205,26 @@ typedef long		int_fast64_t;
 #define INT32_MIN (-1 - INT32_MAX)
 #endif /* !defined INT32_MIN */
 
-#if 2 < __GNUC__ || (__GNUC__ == 2 && 96 <= __GNUC_MINOR__)
+#if 2 < __GNUC__ + (96 <= __GNUC_MINOR__)
+# define ATTRIBUTE_CONST __attribute__ ((const))
 # define ATTRIBUTE_PURE __attribute__ ((__pure__))
+# define ATTRIBUTE_FORMAT(spec) __attribute__ ((__format__ spec))
 #else
+# define ATTRIBUTE_CONST /* empty */
 # define ATTRIBUTE_PURE /* empty */
+# define ATTRIBUTE_FORMAT(spec) /* empty */
+#endif
+
+#if !defined _Noreturn && __STDC_VERSION__ < 201112
+# if 2 < __GNUC__ + (8 <= __GNUC_MINOR__)
+#  define _Noreturn __attribute__ ((__noreturn__))
+# else
+#  define _Noreturn
+# endif
+#endif
+
+#if __STDC_VERSION__ < 199901 && !defined restrict
+# define restrict /* empty */
 #endif
 
 /*
@@ -165,6 +242,58 @@ extern char *	asctime_r(struct tm const *, char *);
 #endif
 
 /*
+** Compile with -Dtime_tz=T to build the tz package with a private
+** time_t type equivalent to T rather than the system-supplied time_t.
+** This debugging feature can test unusual design decisions
+** (e.g., time_t wider than 'long', or unsigned time_t) even on
+** typical platforms.
+*/
+#ifdef time_tz
+static time_t sys_time(time_t *x) { return time(x); }
+
+# undef  ctime
+# define ctime tz_ctime
+# undef  ctime_r
+# define ctime_r tz_ctime_r
+# undef  difftime
+# define difftime tz_difftime
+# undef  gmtime
+# define gmtime tz_gmtime
+# undef  gmtime_r
+# define gmtime_r tz_gmtime_r
+# undef  localtime
+# define localtime tz_localtime
+# undef  localtime_r
+# define localtime_r tz_localtime_r
+# undef  mktime
+# define mktime tz_mktime
+# undef  time
+# define time tz_time
+# undef  time_t
+# define time_t tz_time_t
+
+typedef time_tz time_t;
+
+char *ctime(time_t const *);
+char *ctime_r(time_t const *, char *);
+double difftime(time_t, time_t);
+struct tm *gmtime(time_t const *);
+struct tm *gmtime_r(time_t const *restrict, struct tm *restrict);
+struct tm *localtime(time_t const *);
+struct tm *localtime_r(time_t const *restrict, struct tm *restrict);
+time_t mktime(struct tm *);
+
+static time_t
+time(time_t *p)
+{
+	time_t r = sys_time(0);
+	if (p)
+		*p = r;
+	return r;
+}
+#endif
+
+/*
 ** Private function declarations.
 */
 
@@ -192,14 +321,15 @@ const char *	scheck(const char * string, const char * format);
 #define TYPE_SIGNED(type) (((type) -1) < 0)
 #endif /* !defined TYPE_SIGNED */
 
-/*
-** Since the definition of TYPE_INTEGRAL contains floating point numbers,
-** it cannot be used in preprocessor directives.
-*/
-
-#ifndef TYPE_INTEGRAL
-#define TYPE_INTEGRAL(type) (((type) 0.5) != 0.5)
-#endif /* !defined TYPE_INTEGRAL */
+/* The minimum and maximum finite time values.  */
+static time_t const time_t_min =
+  (TYPE_SIGNED(time_t)
+   ? (time_t) -1 << (CHAR_BIT * sizeof (time_t) - 1)
+   : 0);
+static time_t const time_t_max =
+  (TYPE_SIGNED(time_t)
+   ? - (~ 0 < 0) - ((time_t) -1 << (CHAR_BIT * sizeof (time_t) - 1))
+   : -1);
 
 #ifndef INT_STRLEN_MAXIMUM
 /*
diff --git a/timezone/scheck.c b/timezone/scheck.c
index ed60980d83..8bd01a858f 100644
--- a/timezone/scheck.c
+++ b/timezone/scheck.c
@@ -25,26 +25,35 @@ scheck(const char *const string, const char *const format)
 		return result;
 	fp = format;
 	tp = fbuf;
+
+	/*
+	** Copy directives, suppressing each conversion that is not
+	** already suppressed.  Scansets containing '%' are not
+	** supported; e.g., the conversion specification "%[%]" is not
+	** supported.  Also, multibyte characters containing a
+	** non-leading '%' byte are not supported.
+	*/
 	while ((*tp++ = c = *fp++) != '\0') {
 		if (c != '%')
 			continue;
-		if (*fp == '%') {
-			*tp++ = *fp++;
-			continue;
+		if (is_digit(*fp)) {
+			char const *f = fp;
+			char *t = tp;
+			do {
+				*t++ = c = *f++;
+			} while (is_digit(c));
+			if (c == '$') {
+				fp = f;
+				tp = t;
+			}
 		}
 		*tp++ = '*';
 		if (*fp == '*')
 			++fp;
-		while (is_digit(*fp))
-			*tp++ = *fp++;
-		if (*fp == 'l' || *fp == 'h')
-			*tp++ = *fp++;
-		else if (*fp == '[')
-			do *tp++ = *fp++;
-				while (*fp != '\0' && *fp != ']');
 		if ((*tp++ = *fp++) == '\0')
 			break;
 	}
+
 	*(tp - 1) = '%';
 	*tp++ = 'c';
 	*tp = '\0';
diff --git a/timezone/tzfile.h b/timezone/tzfile.h
index 0f6c687f16..529650dd8a 100644
--- a/timezone/tzfile.h
+++ b/timezone/tzfile.h
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@
 
 struct tzhead {
 	char	tzh_magic[4];		/* TZ_MAGIC */
-	char	tzh_version[1];		/* '\0' or '2' as of 2005 */
+	char	tzh_version[1];		/* '\0' or '2' or '3' as of 2013 */
 	char	tzh_reserved[15];	/* reserved--must be zero */
 	char	tzh_ttisgmtcnt[4];	/* coded number of trans. time flags */
 	char	tzh_ttisstdcnt[4];	/* coded number of trans. time flags */
@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ struct tzhead {
 **	tzh_timecnt (char [4])s		coded transition times a la time(2)
 **	tzh_timecnt (unsigned char)s	types of local time starting at above
 **	tzh_typecnt repetitions of
-**		one (char [4])		coded UTC offset in seconds
+**		one (char [4])		coded UT offset in seconds
 **		one (unsigned char)	used to set tm_isdst
 **		one (unsigned char)	that's an abbreviation list index
 **	tzh_charcnt (char)s		'\0'-terminated zone abbreviations
@@ -68,7 +68,7 @@ struct tzhead {
 **					if absent, transition times are
 **					assumed to be wall clock time
 **	tzh_ttisgmtcnt (char)s		indexed by type; if TRUE, transition
-**					time is UTC, if FALSE,
+**					time is UT, if FALSE,
 **					transition time is local time
 **					if absent, transition times are
 **					assumed to be local time
@@ -82,6 +82,13 @@ struct tzhead {
 ** instants after the last transition time stored in the file
 ** (with nothing between the newlines if there is no POSIX representation for
 ** such instants).
+**
+** If tz_version is '3' or greater, the above is extended as follows.
+** First, the POSIX TZ string's hour offset may range from -167
+** through 167 as compared to the POSIX-required 0 through 24.
+** Second, its DST start time may be January 1 at 00:00 and its stop
+** time December 31 at 24:00 plus the difference between DST and
+** standard time, indicating DST all year.
 */
 
 /*
@@ -94,16 +101,8 @@ struct tzhead {
 #endif /* !defined TZ_MAX_TIMES */
 
 #ifndef TZ_MAX_TYPES
-#ifndef NOSOLAR
+/* This must be at least 17 for Europe/Samara and Europe/Vilnius.  */
 #define TZ_MAX_TYPES	256 /* Limited by what (unsigned char)'s can hold */
-#endif /* !defined NOSOLAR */
-#ifdef NOSOLAR
-/*
-** Must be at least 14 for Europe/Riga as of Jan 12 1995,
-** as noted by Earl Chew.
-*/
-#define TZ_MAX_TYPES	20	/* Maximum number of local time types */
-#endif /* !defined NOSOLAR */
 #endif /* !defined TZ_MAX_TYPES */
 
 #ifndef TZ_MAX_CHARS
@@ -122,7 +121,7 @@ struct tzhead {
 #define DAYSPERNYEAR	365
 #define DAYSPERLYEAR	366
 #define SECSPERHOUR	(SECSPERMIN * MINSPERHOUR)
-#define SECSPERDAY	((long) SECSPERHOUR * HOURSPERDAY)
+#define SECSPERDAY	((int_fast32_t) SECSPERHOUR * HOURSPERDAY)
 #define MONSPERYEAR	12
 
 #define TM_SUNDAY	0
diff --git a/timezone/tzselect.ksh b/timezone/tzselect.ksh
index 8e66b44273..9d7069116a 100644
--- a/timezone/tzselect.ksh
+++ b/timezone/tzselect.ksh
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ REPORT_BUGS_TO=tz@iana.org
 
 # Porting notes:
 #
-# This script requires a Posix-like shell with the extension of a
+# This script requires a Posix-like shell and prefers the extension of a
 # 'select' statement.  The 'select' statement was introduced in the
 # Korn shell and is available in Bash and other shell implementations.
 # If your host lacks both Bash and the Korn shell, you can get their
@@ -21,6 +21,10 @@ REPORT_BUGS_TO=tz@iana.org
 #	Korn Shell <http://www.kornshell.com/>
 #	Public Domain Korn Shell <http://www.cs.mun.ca/~michael/pdksh/>
 #
+# For portability to Solaris 9 /bin/sh this script avoids some POSIX
+# features and common extensions, such as $(...) (which works sometimes
+# but not others), $((...)), and $10.
+#
 # This script also uses several features of modern awk programs.
 # If your host lacks awk, or has an old awk that does not conform to Posix,
 # you can use either of the following free programs instead:
@@ -31,7 +35,7 @@ REPORT_BUGS_TO=tz@iana.org
 
 # Specify default values for environment variables if they are unset.
 : ${AWK=awk}
-: ${TZDIR=$(pwd)}
+: ${TZDIR=`pwd`}
 
 # Check for awk Posix compliance.
 ($AWK -v x=y 'BEGIN { exit 123 }') </dev/null >/dev/null 2>&1
@@ -40,21 +44,125 @@ REPORT_BUGS_TO=tz@iana.org
 	exit 1
 }
 
-if [ "$1" = "--help" ]; then
-    cat <<EOF
-Usage: tzselect
+coord=
+location_limit=10
+
+usage="Usage: tzselect [--version] [--help] [-c COORD] [-n LIMIT]
 Select a time zone interactively.
 
-Report bugs to $REPORT_BUGS_TO.
-EOF
-    exit
-elif [ "$1" = "--version" ]; then
-    cat <<EOF
-tzselect $PKGVERSION$TZVERSION
-EOF
-    exit
+Options:
+
+  -c COORD
+    Instead of asking for continent and then country and then city,
+    ask for selection from time zones whose largest cities
+    are closest to the location with geographical coordinates COORD.
+    COORD should use ISO 6709 notation, for example, '-c +4852+00220'
+    for Paris (in degrees and minutes, North and East), or
+    '-c -35-058' for Buenos Aires (in degrees, South and West).
+
+  -n LIMIT
+    Display at most LIMIT locations when -c is used (default $location_limit).
+
+  --version
+    Output version information.
+
+  --help
+    Output this help.
+
+Report bugs to $REPORT_BUGS_TO."
+
+# Ask the user to select from the function's arguments,
+# and assign the selected argument to the variable 'select_result'.
+# Exit on EOF or I/O error.  Use the shell's 'select' builtin if available,
+# falling back on a less-nice but portable substitute otherwise.
+if
+  case $BASH_VERSION in
+  ?*) : ;;
+  '')
+    # '; exit' should be redundant, but Dash doesn't properly fail without it.
+    (eval 'set --; select x; do break; done; exit') 2>/dev/null
+  esac
+then
+  # Do this inside 'eval', as otherwise the shell might exit when parsing it
+  # even though it is never executed.
+  eval '
+    doselect() {
+      select select_result
+      do
+	case $select_result in
+	"") echo >&2 "Please enter a number in range." ;;
+	?*) break
+	esac
+      done || exit
+    }
+
+    # Work around a bug in bash 1.14.7 and earlier, where $PS3 is sent to stdout.
+    case $BASH_VERSION in
+    [01].*)
+      case `echo 1 | (select x in x; do break; done) 2>/dev/null` in
+      ?*) PS3=
+      esac
+    esac
+  '
+else
+  doselect() {
+    # Field width of the prompt numbers.
+    select_width=`expr $# : '.*'`
+
+    select_i=
+
+    while :
+    do
+      case $select_i in
+      '')
+	select_i=0
+	for select_word
+	do
+	  select_i=`expr $select_i + 1`
+	  printf >&2 "%${select_width}d) %s\\n" $select_i "$select_word"
+	done ;;
+      *[!0-9]*)
+	echo >&2 'Please enter a number in range.' ;;
+      *)
+	if test 1 -le $select_i && test $select_i -le $#; then
+	  shift `expr $select_i - 1`
+	  select_result=$1
+	  break
+	fi
+	echo >&2 'Please enter a number in range.'
+      esac
+
+      # Prompt and read input.
+      printf >&2 %s "${PS3-#? }"
+      read select_i || exit
+    done
+  }
 fi
 
+while getopts c:n:-: opt
+do
+    case $opt$OPTARG in
+    c*)
+	coord=$OPTARG ;;
+    n*)
+	location_limit=$OPTARG ;;
+    -help)
+	exec echo "$usage" ;;
+    -version)
+	exec echo "tzselect $PKGVERSION$TZVERSION" ;;
+    -*)
+	echo >&2 "$0: -$opt$OPTARG: unknown option; try '$0 --help'"; exit 1 ;;
+    *)
+	echo >&2 "$0: try '$0 --help'"; exit 1 ;;
+    esac
+done
+
+shift `expr $OPTIND - 1`
+case $# in
+0) ;;
+*) echo >&2 "$0: $1: unknown argument"; exit 1 ;;
+esac
+
 # Make sure the tables are readable.
 TZ_COUNTRY_TABLE=$TZDIR/iso3166.tab
 TZ_ZONE_TABLE=$TZDIR/zone.tab
@@ -71,11 +179,65 @@ newline='
 IFS=$newline
 
 
-# Work around a bug in bash 1.14.7 and earlier, where $PS3 is sent to stdout.
-case $(echo 1 | (select x in x; do break; done) 2>/dev/null) in
-?*) PS3=
-esac
-
+# Awk script to read a time zone table and output the same table,
+# with each column preceded by its distance from 'here'.
+output_distances='
+  BEGIN {
+    FS = "\t"
+    while (getline <TZ_COUNTRY_TABLE)
+      if ($0 ~ /^[^#]/)
+        country[$1] = $2
+    country["US"] = "US" # Otherwise the strings get too long.
+  }
+  function convert_coord(coord, deg, min, ilen, sign, sec) {
+    if (coord ~ /^[-+]?[0-9]?[0-9][0-9][0-9][0-9][0-9][0-9]([^0-9]|$)/) {
+      degminsec = coord
+      intdeg = degminsec < 0 ? -int(-degminsec / 10000) : int(degminsec / 10000)
+      minsec = degminsec - intdeg * 10000
+      intmin = minsec < 0 ? -int(-minsec / 100) : int(minsec / 100)
+      sec = minsec - intmin * 100
+      deg = (intdeg * 3600 + intmin * 60 + sec) / 3600
+    } else if (coord ~ /^[-+]?[0-9]?[0-9][0-9][0-9][0-9]([^0-9]|$)/) {
+      degmin = coord
+      intdeg = degmin < 0 ? -int(-degmin / 100) : int(degmin / 100)
+      min = degmin - intdeg * 100
+      deg = (intdeg * 60 + min) / 60
+    } else
+      deg = coord
+    return deg * 0.017453292519943296
+  }
+  function convert_latitude(coord) {
+    match(coord, /..*[-+]/)
+    return convert_coord(substr(coord, 1, RLENGTH - 1))
+  }
+  function convert_longitude(coord) {
+    match(coord, /..*[-+]/)
+    return convert_coord(substr(coord, RLENGTH))
+  }
+  # Great-circle distance between points with given latitude and longitude.
+  # Inputs and output are in radians.  This uses the great-circle special
+  # case of the Vicenty formula for distances on ellipsoids.
+  function dist(lat1, long1, lat2, long2, dlong, x, y, num, denom) {
+    dlong = long2 - long1
+    x = cos (lat2) * sin (dlong)
+    y = cos (lat1) * sin (lat2) - sin (lat1) * cos (lat2) * cos (dlong)
+    num = sqrt (x * x + y * y)
+    denom = sin (lat1) * sin (lat2) + cos (lat1) * cos (lat2) * cos (dlong)
+    return atan2(num, denom)
+  }
+  BEGIN {
+    coord_lat = convert_latitude(coord)
+    coord_long = convert_longitude(coord)
+  }
+  /^[^#]/ {
+    here_lat = convert_latitude($2)
+    here_long = convert_longitude($2)
+    line = $1 "\t" $2 "\t" $3 "\t" country[$1]
+    if (NF == 4)
+      line = line " - " $4
+    printf "%g\t%s\n", dist(coord_lat, coord_long, here_lat, here_long), line
+  }
+'
 
 # Begin the main loop.  We come back here if the user wants to retry.
 while
@@ -87,39 +249,46 @@ while
 	country=
 	region=
 
+	case $coord in
+	?*)
+		continent=coord;;
+	'')
 
 	# Ask the user for continent or ocean.
 
-	echo >&2 'Please select a continent or ocean.'
-
-	select continent in \
-	    Africa \
-	    Americas \
-	    Antarctica \
-	    'Arctic Ocean' \
-	    Asia \
-	    'Atlantic Ocean' \
-	    Australia \
-	    Europe \
-	    'Indian Ocean' \
-	    'Pacific Ocean' \
-	    'none - I want to specify the time zone using the Posix TZ format.'
-	do
+	echo >&2 'Please select a continent, ocean, "coord", or "TZ".'
+
+        quoted_continents=`
+	  $AWK '
+	    BEGIN { FS = "\t" }
+	    /^[^#]/ {
+              entry = substr($3, 1, index($3, "/") - 1)
+              if (entry == "America")
+		entry = entry "s"
+              if (entry ~ /^(Arctic|Atlantic|Indian|Pacific)$/)
+		entry = entry " Ocean"
+              printf "'\''%s'\''\n", entry
+            }
+          ' $TZ_ZONE_TABLE |
+	  sort -u |
+	  tr '\n' ' '
+	  echo ''
+	`
+
+	eval '
+	    doselect '"$quoted_continents"' \
+		"coord - I want to use geographical coordinates." \
+		"TZ - I want to specify the time zone using the Posix TZ format."
+	    continent=$select_result
 	    case $continent in
-	    '')
-		echo >&2 'Please enter a number in range.';;
-	    ?*)
-		case $continent in
-		Americas) continent=America;;
-		*' '*) continent=$(expr "$continent" : '\([^ ]*\)')
-		esac
-		break
+	    Americas) continent=America;;
+	    *" "*) continent=`expr "$continent" : '\''\([^ ]*\)'\''`
 	    esac
-	done
+	'
+	esac
+
 	case $continent in
-	'')
-		exit 1;;
-	none)
+	TZ)
 		# Ask the user for a Posix TZ string.  Check that it conforms.
 		while
 			echo >&2 'Please enter the desired value' \
@@ -144,11 +313,46 @@ while
 		done
 		TZ_for_date=$TZ;;
 	*)
+		case $continent in
+		coord)
+		    case $coord in
+		    '')
+			echo >&2 'Please enter coordinates' \
+				'in ISO 6709 notation.'
+			echo >&2 'For example, +4042-07403 stands for'
+			echo >&2 '40 degrees 42 minutes north,' \
+				'74 degrees 3 minutes west.'
+			read coord;;
+		    esac
+		    distance_table=`$AWK \
+			    -v coord="$coord" \
+			    -v TZ_COUNTRY_TABLE="$TZ_COUNTRY_TABLE" \
+			    "$output_distances" <$TZ_ZONE_TABLE |
+		      sort -n |
+		      sed "${location_limit}q"
+		    `
+		    regions=`echo "$distance_table" | $AWK '
+		      BEGIN { FS = "\t" }
+		      { print $NF }
+		    '`
+		    echo >&2 'Please select one of the following' \
+			    'time zone regions,'
+		    echo >&2 'listed roughly in increasing order' \
+			    "of distance from $coord".
+		    doselect $regions
+		    region=$select_result
+		    TZ=`echo "$distance_table" | $AWK -v region="$region" '
+		      BEGIN { FS="\t" }
+		      $NF == region { print $4 }
+		    '`
+		    ;;
+		*)
 		# Get list of names of countries in the continent or ocean.
-		countries=$($AWK -F'\t' \
+		countries=`$AWK \
 			-v continent="$continent" \
 			-v TZ_COUNTRY_TABLE="$TZ_COUNTRY_TABLE" \
 		'
+			BEGIN { FS = "\t" }
 			/^#/ { next }
 			$3 ~ ("^" continent "/") {
 				if (!cc_seen[$1]++) cc_list[++ccs] = $1
@@ -165,35 +369,28 @@ while
 					print country
 				}
 			}
-		' <$TZ_ZONE_TABLE | sort -f)
+		' <$TZ_ZONE_TABLE | sort -f`
 
 
 		# If there's more than one country, ask the user which one.
 		case $countries in
 		*"$newline"*)
-			echo >&2 'Please select a country.'
-			select country in $countries
-			do
-			    case $country in
-			    '') echo >&2 'Please enter a number in range.';;
-			    ?*) break
-			    esac
-			done
-
-			case $country in
-			'') exit 1
-			esac;;
+			echo >&2 'Please select a country' \
+				'whose clocks agree with yours.'
+			doselect $countries
+			country=$select_result;;
 		*)
 			country=$countries
 		esac
 
 
 		# Get list of names of time zone rule regions in the country.
-		regions=$($AWK -F'\t' \
+		regions=`$AWK \
 			-v country="$country" \
 			-v TZ_COUNTRY_TABLE="$TZ_COUNTRY_TABLE" \
 		'
 			BEGIN {
+				FS = "\t"
 				cc = country
 				while (getline <TZ_COUNTRY_TABLE) {
 					if ($0 !~ /^#/  &&  country == $2) {
@@ -203,7 +400,7 @@ while
 				}
 			}
 			$1 == cc { print $4 }
-		' <$TZ_ZONE_TABLE)
+		' <$TZ_ZONE_TABLE`
 
 
 		# If there's more than one region, ask the user which one.
@@ -211,27 +408,20 @@ while
 		*"$newline"*)
 			echo >&2 'Please select one of the following' \
 				'time zone regions.'
-			select region in $regions
-			do
-				case $region in
-				'') echo >&2 'Please enter a number in range.';;
-				?*) break
-				esac
-			done
-			case $region in
-			'') exit 1
-			esac;;
+			doselect $regions
+			region=$select_result;;
 		*)
 			region=$regions
 		esac
 
 		# Determine TZ from country and region.
-		TZ=$($AWK -F'\t' \
+		TZ=`$AWK \
 			-v country="$country" \
 			-v region="$region" \
 			-v TZ_COUNTRY_TABLE="$TZ_COUNTRY_TABLE" \
 		'
 			BEGIN {
+				FS = "\t"
 				cc = country
 				while (getline <TZ_COUNTRY_TABLE) {
 					if ($0 !~ /^#/  &&  country == $2) {
@@ -241,7 +431,8 @@ while
 				}
 			}
 			$1 == cc && $4 == region { print $3 }
-		' <$TZ_ZONE_TABLE)
+		' <$TZ_ZONE_TABLE`
+		esac
 
 		# Make sure the corresponding zoneinfo file exists.
 		TZ_for_date=$TZDIR/$TZ
@@ -259,10 +450,10 @@ while
 	extra_info=
 	for i in 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
 	do
-		TZdate=$(LANG=C TZ="$TZ_for_date" date)
-		UTdate=$(LANG=C TZ=UTC0 date)
-		TZsec=$(expr "$TZdate" : '.*:\([0-5][0-9]\)')
-		UTsec=$(expr "$UTdate" : '.*:\([0-5][0-9]\)')
+		TZdate=`LANG=C TZ="$TZ_for_date" date`
+		UTdate=`LANG=C TZ=UTC0 date`
+		TZsec=`expr "$TZdate" : '.*:\([0-5][0-9]\)'`
+		UTsec=`expr "$UTdate" : '.*:\([0-5][0-9]\)'`
 		case $TZsec in
 		$UTsec)
 			extra_info="
@@ -278,28 +469,23 @@ Universal Time is now:	$UTdate."
 	echo >&2 ""
 	echo >&2 "The following information has been given:"
 	echo >&2 ""
-	case $country+$region in
-	?*+?*)	echo >&2 "	$country$newline	$region";;
-	?*+)	echo >&2 "	$country";;
+	case $country%$region%$coord in
+	?*%?*%)	echo >&2 "	$country$newline	$region";;
+	?*%%)	echo >&2 "	$country";;
+	%?*%?*) echo >&2 "	coord $coord$newline	$region";;
+	%%?*)	echo >&2 "	coord $coord";;
 	+)	echo >&2 "	TZ='$TZ'"
 	esac
 	echo >&2 ""
 	echo >&2 "Therefore TZ='$TZ' will be used.$extra_info"
 	echo >&2 "Is the above information OK?"
 
-	ok=
-	select ok in Yes No
-	do
-	    case $ok in
-	    '') echo >&2 'Please enter 1 for Yes, or 2 for No.';;
-	    ?*) break
-	    esac
-	done
+	doselect Yes No
+	ok=$select_result
 	case $ok in
-	'') exit 1;;
 	Yes) break
 	esac
-do :
+do coord=
 done
 
 case $SHELL in
diff --git a/timezone/zdump.c b/timezone/zdump.c
index 9255affc16..209b79d06c 100644
--- a/timezone/zdump.c
+++ b/timezone/zdump.c
@@ -9,20 +9,72 @@
 ** This code has been made independent of the rest of the time
 ** conversion package to increase confidence in the verification it provides.
 ** You can use this code to help in verifying other implementations.
+**
+** However, include private.h when debugging, so that it overrides
+** time_t consistently with the rest of the package.
 */
 
+#ifdef time_tz
+# include "private.h"
+#endif
+
 #include "stdio.h"	/* for stdout, stderr, perror */
 #include "string.h"	/* for strcpy */
 #include "sys/types.h"	/* for time_t */
 #include "time.h"	/* for struct tm */
 #include "stdlib.h"	/* for exit, malloc, atoi */
-#include "float.h"	/* for FLT_MAX and DBL_MAX */
 #include "limits.h"	/* for CHAR_BIT, LLONG_MAX */
 #include "ctype.h"	/* for isalpha et al. */
 #ifndef isascii
 #define isascii(x) 1
 #endif /* !defined isascii */
 
+/*
+** Substitutes for pre-C99 compilers.
+** Much of this section of code is stolen from private.h.
+*/
+
+#ifndef HAVE_STDINT_H
+# define HAVE_STDINT_H \
+    (199901 <= __STDC_VERSION__ || 2 < (__GLIBC__ + (0 < __GLIBC_MINOR__)))
+#endif
+#if HAVE_STDINT_H
+# include "stdint.h"
+#endif
+#ifndef HAVE_INTTYPES_H
+# define HAVE_INTTYPES_H HAVE_STDINT_H
+#endif
+#if HAVE_INTTYPES_H
+# include <inttypes.h>
+#endif
+
+#ifndef INT_FAST32_MAX
+# if INT_MAX >> 31 == 0
+typedef long int_fast32_t;
+# else
+typedef int int_fast32_t;
+# endif
+#endif
+
+#ifndef INTMAX_MAX
+# if defined LLONG_MAX || defined __LONG_LONG_MAX__
+typedef long long intmax_t;
+#  define strtoimax strtoll
+#  define PRIdMAX "lld"
+#  ifdef LLONG_MAX
+#   define INTMAX_MAX LLONG_MAX
+#  else
+#   define INTMAX_MAX __LONG_LONG_MAX__
+#  endif
+# else
+typedef long intmax_t;
+#  define strtoimax strtol
+#  define PRIdMAX "ld"
+#  define INTMAX_MAX LONG_MAX
+# endif
+#endif
+
+
 #ifndef ZDUMP_LO_YEAR
 #define ZDUMP_LO_YEAR	(-500)
 #endif /* !defined ZDUMP_LO_YEAR */
@@ -90,9 +142,20 @@
 #define isleap_sum(a, b)	isleap((a) % 400 + (b) % 400)
 #endif /* !defined isleap_sum */
 
-#define SECSPERDAY	((long) SECSPERHOUR * HOURSPERDAY)
+#define SECSPERDAY	((int_fast32_t) SECSPERHOUR * HOURSPERDAY)
 #define SECSPERNYEAR	(SECSPERDAY * DAYSPERNYEAR)
 #define SECSPERLYEAR	(SECSPERNYEAR + SECSPERDAY)
+#define SECSPER400YEARS	(SECSPERNYEAR * (intmax_t) (300 + 3)	\
+			 + SECSPERLYEAR * (intmax_t) (100 - 3))
+
+/*
+** True if SECSPER400YEARS is known to be representable as an
+** intmax_t.  It's OK that SECSPER400YEARS_FITS can in theory be false
+** even if SECSPER400YEARS is representable, because when that happens
+** the code merely runs a bit more slowly, and this slowness doesn't
+** occur on any practical platform.
+*/
+enum { SECSPER400YEARS_FITS = SECSPERLYEAR <= INTMAX_MAX / 400 };
 
 #ifndef HAVE_GETTEXT
 #define HAVE_GETTEXT 0
@@ -112,14 +175,6 @@
 #endif /* !defined lint */
 #endif /* !defined GNUC_or_lint */
 
-#ifndef INITIALIZE
-#ifdef GNUC_or_lint
-#define INITIALIZE(x)	((x) = 0)
-#else /* !defined GNUC_or_lint */
-#define INITIALIZE(x)
-#endif /* !defined GNUC_or_lint */
-#endif /* !defined INITIALIZE */
-
 #if 2 < __GNUC__ || (__GNUC__ == 2 && 96 <= __GNUC_MINOR__)
 # define ATTRIBUTE_PURE __attribute__ ((__pure__))
 #else
@@ -151,48 +206,27 @@ extern char *	optarg;
 extern int	optind;
 extern char *	tzname[2];
 
-/* The minimum and maximum finite time values.  Shift 'long long' or
-   'long' instead of 'time_t'; this avoids compile-time errors when
-   time_t is floating-point.  In practice, 'long long' is wide enough.  */
+/* The minimum and maximum finite time values.  */
 static time_t const absolute_min_time =
-  ((time_t) 0.5 == 0.5
-   ? (sizeof (time_t) == sizeof (float) ? (time_t) -FLT_MAX
-      : sizeof (time_t) == sizeof (double) ? (time_t) -DBL_MAX
-      : sizeof (time_t) == sizeof (long double) ? (time_t) -LDBL_MAX
-      : 0)
-   : (time_t) -1 < 0
-#ifdef LLONG_MAX
-   ? (time_t) ((long long) -1 << (CHAR_BIT * sizeof (time_t) - 1))
-#else
-   ? (time_t) ((long) -1 << (CHAR_BIT * sizeof (time_t) - 1))
-#endif
+  ((time_t) -1 < 0
+   ? (time_t) -1 << (CHAR_BIT * sizeof (time_t) - 1)
    : 0);
 static time_t const absolute_max_time =
-  ((time_t) 0.5 == 0.5
-   ? (sizeof (time_t) == sizeof (float) ? (time_t) FLT_MAX
-      : sizeof (time_t) == sizeof (double) ? (time_t) DBL_MAX
-      : sizeof (time_t) == sizeof (long double) ? (time_t) LDBL_MAX
-      : -1)
-   : (time_t) -1 < 0
-#ifdef LLONG_MAX
-   ? (time_t) (- (~ 0 < 0) - ((long long) -1 << (CHAR_BIT * sizeof (time_t) - 1)))
-#else
-   ? (time_t) (- (~ 0 < 0) - ((long) -1 << (CHAR_BIT * sizeof (time_t) - 1)))
-#endif
-   : (time_t) -1);
+  ((time_t) -1 < 0
+   ? - (~ 0 < 0) - ((time_t) -1 << (CHAR_BIT * sizeof (time_t) - 1))
+   : -1);
 static size_t	longest;
 static char *	progname;
 static int	warned;
 
 static char *	abbr(struct tm * tmp);
 static void	abbrok(const char * abbrp, const char * zone);
-static long	delta(struct tm * newp, struct tm * oldp) ATTRIBUTE_PURE;
+static intmax_t	delta(struct tm * newp, struct tm * oldp) ATTRIBUTE_PURE;
 static void	dumptime(const struct tm * tmp);
 static time_t	hunt(char * name, time_t lot, time_t	hit);
-static void	checkabsolutes(void);
 static void	show(char * zone, time_t t, int v);
 static const char *	tformat(void);
-static time_t	yeartot(long y) ATTRIBUTE_PURE;
+static time_t	yeartot(intmax_t y) ATTRIBUTE_PURE;
 
 #ifndef TYPECHECK
 #define my_localtime	localtime
@@ -209,7 +243,7 @@ my_localtime(time_t *tp)
 
 		tm = *tmp;
 		t = mktime(&tm);
-		if (t - *tp >= 1 || *tp - t >= 1) {
+		if (t != *tp) {
 			(void) fflush(stdout);
 			(void) fprintf(stderr, "\n%s: ", progname);
 			(void) fprintf(stderr, tformat(), *tp);
@@ -270,9 +304,9 @@ static void
 usage(FILE * const stream, const int status)
 {
 	(void) fprintf(stream,
-_("%s: usage is %s [ --version ] [ --help ] [ -v ] [ -c [loyear,]hiyear ] zonename ...\n\
-\n\
-Report bugs to %s.\n"),
+_("%s: usage: %s [--version] [--help] [-{vV}] [-{ct} [lo,]hi] zonename ...\n"
+  "\n"
+  "Report bugs to %s.\n"),
 		       progname, progname, REPORT_BUGS_TO);
 	exit(status);
 }
@@ -281,11 +315,10 @@ int
 main(int argc, char *argv[])
 {
 	register int		i;
-	register int		c;
 	register int		vflag;
+	register int		Vflag;
 	register char *		cutarg;
-	register long		cutloyear = ZDUMP_LO_YEAR;
-	register long		cuthiyear = ZDUMP_HI_YEAR;
+	register char *		cuttimes;
 	register time_t		cutlotime;
 	register time_t		cuthitime;
 	register char **	fakeenv;
@@ -297,8 +330,8 @@ main(int argc, char *argv[])
 	register struct tm *	tmp;
 	register struct tm *	newtmp;
 
-	INITIALIZE(cutlotime);
-	INITIALIZE(cuthitime);
+	cutlotime = absolute_min_time;
+	cuthitime = absolute_max_time;
 #if HAVE_GETTEXT
 	(void) setlocale(LC_ALL, "");
 #ifdef TZ_DOMAINDIR
@@ -314,37 +347,78 @@ main(int argc, char *argv[])
 		} else if (strcmp(argv[i], "--help") == 0) {
 			usage(stdout, EXIT_SUCCESS);
 		}
-	vflag = 0;
-	cutarg = NULL;
-	while ((c = getopt(argc, argv, "c:v")) == 'c' || c == 'v')
-		if (c == 'v')
-			vflag = 1;
-		else	cutarg = optarg;
-	if ((c != EOF && c != -1) ||
-		(optind == argc - 1 && strcmp(argv[optind], "=") == 0)) {
-			usage(stderr, EXIT_FAILURE);
-	}
-	if (vflag) {
+	vflag = Vflag = 0;
+	cutarg = cuttimes = NULL;
+	for (;;)
+	  switch (getopt(argc, argv, "c:t:vV")) {
+	  case 'c': cutarg = optarg; break;
+	  case 't': cuttimes = optarg; break;
+	  case 'v': vflag = 1; break;
+	  case 'V': Vflag = 1; break;
+	  case -1:
+	    if (! (optind == argc - 1 && strcmp(argv[optind], "=") == 0))
+	      goto arg_processing_done;
+	    /* Fall through.  */
+	  default:
+	    usage(stderr, EXIT_FAILURE);
+	  }
+ arg_processing_done:;
+
+	if (vflag | Vflag) {
+		intmax_t	lo;
+		intmax_t	hi;
+		char *loend, *hiend;
+		register intmax_t cutloyear = ZDUMP_LO_YEAR;
+		register intmax_t cuthiyear = ZDUMP_HI_YEAR;
 		if (cutarg != NULL) {
-			long	lo;
-			long	hi;
-			char	dummy;
-
-			if (sscanf(cutarg, "%ld%c", &hi, &dummy) == 1) {
+			lo = strtoimax(cutarg, &loend, 10);
+			if (cutarg != loend && !*loend) {
+				hi = lo;
+				cuthiyear = hi;
+			} else if (cutarg != loend && *loend == ','
+				   && (hi = strtoimax(loend + 1, &hiend, 10),
+				       loend + 1 != hiend && !*hiend)) {
+				cutloyear = lo;
 				cuthiyear = hi;
-			} else if (sscanf(cutarg, "%ld,%ld%c",
-				&lo, &hi, &dummy) == 2) {
-					cutloyear = lo;
-					cuthiyear = hi;
 			} else {
 (void) fprintf(stderr, _("%s: wild -c argument %s\n"),
 					progname, cutarg);
 				exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
 			}
 		}
-		checkabsolutes();
-		cutlotime = yeartot(cutloyear);
-		cuthitime = yeartot(cuthiyear);
+		if (cutarg != NULL || cuttimes == NULL) {
+			cutlotime = yeartot(cutloyear);
+			cuthitime = yeartot(cuthiyear);
+		}
+		if (cuttimes != NULL) {
+			lo = strtoimax(cuttimes, &loend, 10);
+			if (cuttimes != loend && !*loend) {
+				hi = lo;
+				if (hi < cuthitime) {
+					if (hi < absolute_min_time)
+						hi = absolute_min_time;
+					cuthitime = hi;
+				}
+			} else if (cuttimes != loend && *loend == ','
+				   && (hi = strtoimax(loend + 1, &hiend, 10),
+				       loend + 1 != hiend && !*hiend)) {
+				if (cutlotime < lo) {
+					if (absolute_max_time < lo)
+						lo = absolute_max_time;
+					cutlotime = lo;
+				}
+				if (hi < cuthitime) {
+					if (hi < absolute_min_time)
+						hi = absolute_min_time;
+					cuthitime = hi;
+				}
+			} else {
+				(void) fprintf(stderr,
+					_("%s: wild -t argument %s\n"),
+					progname, cuttimes);
+				exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
+			}
+		}
 	}
 	(void) time(&now);
 	longest = 0;
@@ -375,15 +449,17 @@ main(int argc, char *argv[])
 		static char	buf[MAX_STRING_LENGTH];
 
 		(void) strcpy(&fakeenv[0][3], argv[i]);
-		if (!vflag) {
+		if (! (vflag | Vflag)) {
 			show(argv[i], now, FALSE);
 			continue;
 		}
 		warned = FALSE;
 		t = absolute_min_time;
-		show(argv[i], t, TRUE);
-		t += SECSPERHOUR * HOURSPERDAY;
-		show(argv[i], t, TRUE);
+		if (!Vflag) {
+			show(argv[i], t, TRUE);
+			t += SECSPERDAY;
+			show(argv[i], t, TRUE);
+		}
 		if (t < cutlotime)
 			t = cutlotime;
 		tmp = my_localtime(&t);
@@ -392,9 +468,11 @@ main(int argc, char *argv[])
 			(void) strncpy(buf, abbr(&tm), (sizeof buf) - 1);
 		}
 		for ( ; ; ) {
-			if (t >= cuthitime || t >= cuthitime - SECSPERHOUR * 12)
+			newt = (t < absolute_max_time - SECSPERDAY / 2
+				? t + SECSPERDAY / 2
+				: absolute_max_time);
+			if (cuthitime <= newt)
 				break;
-			newt = t + SECSPERHOUR * 12;
 			newtmp = localtime(&newt);
 			if (newtmp != NULL)
 				newtm = *newtmp;
@@ -415,11 +493,13 @@ main(int argc, char *argv[])
 			tm = newtm;
 			tmp = newtmp;
 		}
-		t = absolute_max_time;
-		t -= SECSPERHOUR * HOURSPERDAY;
-		show(argv[i], t, TRUE);
-		t += SECSPERHOUR * HOURSPERDAY;
-		show(argv[i], t, TRUE);
+		if (!Vflag) {
+			t = absolute_max_time;
+			t -= SECSPERDAY;
+			show(argv[i], t, TRUE);
+			t += SECSPERDAY;
+			show(argv[i], t, TRUE);
+		}
 	}
 	if (fflush(stdout) || ferror(stdout)) {
 		(void) fprintf(stderr, "%s: ", progname);
@@ -431,44 +511,45 @@ main(int argc, char *argv[])
 	return EXIT_FAILURE;
 }
 
-static void
-checkabsolutes(void)
-{
-	if (absolute_max_time < absolute_min_time) {
-		(void) fprintf(stderr,
-_("%s: use of -v on system with floating time_t other than float or double\n"),
-			       progname);
-		exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
-	}
-}
-
 static time_t
-yeartot(const long y)
+yeartot(const intmax_t y)
 {
-	register long	myy;
-	register long	seconds;
-	register time_t	t;
+	register intmax_t	myy, seconds, years;
+	register time_t		t;
 
 	myy = EPOCH_YEAR;
 	t = 0;
-	while (myy != y) {
-		if (myy < y) {
+	while (myy < y) {
+		if (SECSPER400YEARS_FITS && 400 <= y - myy) {
+			intmax_t diff400 = (y - myy) / 400;
+			if (INTMAX_MAX / SECSPER400YEARS < diff400)
+				return absolute_max_time;
+			seconds = diff400 * SECSPER400YEARS;
+			years = diff400 * 400;
+                } else {
 			seconds = isleap(myy) ? SECSPERLYEAR : SECSPERNYEAR;
-			++myy;
-			if (t > absolute_max_time - seconds) {
-				t = absolute_max_time;
-				break;
-			}
-			t += seconds;
+			years = 1;
+		}
+		myy += years;
+		if (t > absolute_max_time - seconds)
+			return absolute_max_time;
+		t += seconds;
+	}
+	while (y < myy) {
+		if (SECSPER400YEARS_FITS && y + 400 <= myy && myy < 0) {
+			intmax_t diff400 = (myy - y) / 400;
+			if (INTMAX_MAX / SECSPER400YEARS < diff400)
+				return absolute_min_time;
+			seconds = diff400 * SECSPER400YEARS;
+			years = diff400 * 400;
 		} else {
-			--myy;
-			seconds = isleap(myy) ? SECSPERLYEAR : SECSPERNYEAR;
-			if (t < absolute_min_time + seconds) {
-				t = absolute_min_time;
-				break;
-			}
-			t -= seconds;
+			seconds = isleap(myy - 1) ? SECSPERLYEAR : SECSPERNYEAR;
+			years = 1;
 		}
+		myy -= years;
+		if (t < absolute_min_time + seconds)
+			return absolute_min_time;
+		t -= seconds;
 	}
 	return t;
 }
@@ -477,7 +558,6 @@ static time_t
 hunt(char *name, time_t lot, time_t hit)
 {
 	time_t			t;
-	long			diff;
 	struct tm		lotm;
 	register struct tm *	lotmp;
 	struct tm		tm;
@@ -490,7 +570,7 @@ hunt(char *name, time_t lot, time_t hit)
 		(void) strncpy(loab, abbr(&lotm), (sizeof loab) - 1);
 	}
 	for ( ; ; ) {
-		diff = (long) (hit - lot);
+		time_t diff = hit - lot;
 		if (diff < 2)
 			break;
 		t = lot;
@@ -520,11 +600,11 @@ hunt(char *name, time_t lot, time_t hit)
 ** Thanks to Paul Eggert for logic used in delta.
 */
 
-static long
+static intmax_t
 delta(struct tm * newp, struct tm *oldp)
 {
-	register long	result;
-	register int	tmy;
+	register intmax_t	result;
+	register int		tmy;
 
 	if (newp->tm_year < oldp->tm_year)
 		return -delta(oldp, newp);
@@ -553,7 +633,7 @@ show(char *zone, time_t t, int v)
 			(void) printf(tformat(), t);
 		} else {
 			dumptime(tmp);
-			(void) printf(" UTC");
+			(void) printf(" UT");
 		}
 		(void) printf(" = ");
 	}
@@ -594,18 +674,19 @@ abbr(struct tm *tmp)
 static const char *
 tformat(void)
 {
-	if (0.5 == (time_t) 0.5) {	/* floating */
-		if (sizeof (time_t) > sizeof (double))
-			return "%Lg";
-		return "%g";
-	}
 	if (0 > (time_t) -1) {		/* signed */
+		if (sizeof (time_t) == sizeof (intmax_t))
+			return "%"PRIdMAX;
 		if (sizeof (time_t) > sizeof (long))
 			return "%lld";
 		if (sizeof (time_t) > sizeof (int))
 			return "%ld";
 		return "%d";
 	}
+#ifdef PRIuMAX
+	if (sizeof (time_t) == sizeof (uintmax_t))
+		return "%"PRIuMAX;
+#endif
 	if (sizeof (time_t) > sizeof (unsigned long))
 		return "%llu";
 	if (sizeof (time_t) > sizeof (unsigned int))
diff --git a/timezone/zic.c b/timezone/zic.c
index 91f0d20cc1..e7b0081193 100644
--- a/timezone/zic.c
+++ b/timezone/zic.c
@@ -8,9 +8,15 @@
 #include "locale.h"
 #include "tzfile.h"
 
-#define	ZIC_VERSION	'2'
+#include <stdarg.h>
+
+#define	ZIC_VERSION_PRE_2013 '2'
+#define	ZIC_VERSION	'3'
 
 typedef int_fast64_t	zic_t;
+#define ZIC_MIN INT_FAST64_MIN
+#define ZIC_MAX INT_FAST64_MAX
+#define SCNdZIC SCNdFAST64
 
 #ifndef ZIC_MAX_ABBR_LEN_WO_WARN
 #define ZIC_MAX_ABBR_LEN_WO_WARN	6
@@ -38,9 +44,6 @@ typedef int_fast64_t	zic_t;
 #define isascii(x) 1
 #endif
 
-#define OFFSET_STRLEN_MAXIMUM	(7 + INT_STRLEN_MAXIMUM(long))
-#define RULE_STRLEN_MAXIMUM	8	/* "Mdd.dd.d" */
-
 #define end(cp)	(strchr((cp), '\0'))
 
 struct rule {
@@ -48,8 +51,8 @@ struct rule {
 	int		r_linenum;
 	const char *	r_name;
 
-	int		r_loyear;	/* for example, 1986 */
-	int		r_hiyear;	/* for example, 1986 */
+	zic_t		r_loyear;	/* for example, 1986 */
+	zic_t		r_hiyear;	/* for example, 1986 */
 	const char *	r_yrtype;
 	int		r_lowasnum;
 	int		r_hiwasnum;
@@ -60,12 +63,12 @@ struct rule {
 	int		r_dayofmonth;
 	int		r_wday;
 
-	long		r_tod;		/* time from midnight */
+	zic_t		r_tod;		/* time from midnight */
 	int		r_todisstd;	/* above is standard time if TRUE */
 					/* or wall clock time if FALSE */
 	int		r_todisgmt;	/* above is GMT if TRUE */
 					/* or local time if FALSE */
-	long		r_stdoff;	/* offset from standard time */
+	zic_t		r_stdoff;	/* offset from standard time */
 	const char *	r_abbrvar;	/* variable part of abbreviation */
 
 	int		r_todo;		/* a rule to do (used in outzone) */
@@ -85,11 +88,11 @@ struct zone {
 	int		z_linenum;
 
 	const char *	z_name;
-	long		z_gmtoff;
+	zic_t		z_gmtoff;
 	const char *	z_rule;
 	const char *	z_format;
 
-	long		z_stdoff;
+	zic_t		z_stdoff;
 
 	struct rule *	z_rules;
 	int		z_nrules;
@@ -104,17 +107,23 @@ extern int	link(const char * fromname, const char * toname);
 extern char *	optarg;
 extern int	optind;
 
+#if ! HAVE_LINK
+# define link(from, to) (-1)
+#endif
+#if ! HAVE_SYMLINK
+# define symlink(from, to) (-1)
+#endif
+
 static void	addtt(zic_t starttime, int type);
-static int	addtype(long gmtoff, const char * abbr, int isdst,
+static int	addtype(zic_t gmtoff, const char * abbr, int isdst,
 				int ttisstd, int ttisgmt);
 static void	leapadd(zic_t t, int positive, int rolling, int count);
 static void	adjleap(void);
 static void	associate(void);
 static void	dolink(const char * fromfield, const char * tofield);
-static long	eitol(int i);
 static char **	getfields(char * buf);
-static long	gethms(const char * string, const char * errstrng,
-			int signable);
+static zic_t	gethms(const char * string, const char * errstrng,
+		       int signable);
 static void	infile(const char * filename);
 static void	inleap(char ** fields, int nfields);
 static void	inlink(char ** fields, int nfields);
@@ -126,14 +135,14 @@ static int	itsdir(const char * name);
 static int	lowerit(int c);
 static int	mkdirs(char * filename);
 static void	newabbr(const char * abbr);
-static long	oadd(long t1, long t2);
+static zic_t	oadd(zic_t t1, zic_t t2);
 static void	outzone(const struct zone * zp, int ntzones);
-static zic_t	rpytime(const struct rule * rp, int wantedy);
+static zic_t	rpytime(const struct rule * rp, zic_t wantedy);
 static void	rulesub(struct rule * rp,
 			const char * loyearp, const char * hiyearp,
 			const char * typep, const char * monthp,
 			const char * dayp, const char * timep);
-static zic_t	tadd(zic_t t1, long t2);
+static zic_t	tadd(zic_t t1, zic_t t2);
 static int	yearistype(int year, const char * type);
 
 static int		charcnt;
@@ -141,13 +150,13 @@ static int		errors;
 static const char *	filename;
 static int		leapcnt;
 static int		leapseen;
-static int		leapminyear;
-static int		leapmaxyear;
+static zic_t		leapminyear;
+static zic_t		leapmaxyear;
 static int		linenum;
 static int		max_abbrvar_len;
 static int		max_format_len;
-static int		max_year;
-static int		min_year;
+static zic_t		max_year;
+static zic_t		min_year;
 static int		noise;
 static const char *	rfilename;
 static int		rlinenum;
@@ -338,14 +347,14 @@ static struct attype {
 	zic_t		at;
 	unsigned char	type;
 }			attypes[TZ_MAX_TIMES];
-static long		gmtoffs[TZ_MAX_TYPES];
+static zic_t		gmtoffs[TZ_MAX_TYPES];
 static char		isdsts[TZ_MAX_TYPES];
 static unsigned char	abbrinds[TZ_MAX_TYPES];
 static char		ttisstds[TZ_MAX_TYPES];
 static char		ttisgmts[TZ_MAX_TYPES];
 static char		chars[TZ_MAX_CHARS];
 static zic_t		trans[TZ_MAX_LEAPS];
-static long		corr[TZ_MAX_LEAPS];
+static zic_t		corr[TZ_MAX_LEAPS];
 static char		roll[TZ_MAX_LEAPS];
 
 /*
@@ -390,16 +399,16 @@ eat(const char *const name, const int num)
 	eats(name, num, NULL, -1);
 }
 
-static void
-error(const char *const string)
+static void ATTRIBUTE_FORMAT((printf, 1, 0))
+verror(const char *const string, va_list args)
 {
 	/*
 	** Match the format of "cc" to allow sh users to
 	**	zic ... 2>&1 | error -t "*" -v
 	** on BSD systems.
 	*/
-	(void) fprintf(stderr, _("\"%s\", line %d: %s"),
-		filename, linenum, string);
+	fprintf(stderr, _("\"%s\", line %d: "), filename, linenum);
+	vfprintf(stderr, string, args);
 	if (rfilename != NULL)
 		(void) fprintf(stderr, _(" (rule from \"%s\", line %d)"),
 			rfilename, rlinenum);
@@ -407,19 +416,27 @@ error(const char *const string)
 	++errors;
 }
 
-static void
-warning(const char *const string)
+static void ATTRIBUTE_FORMAT((printf, 1, 2))
+error(const char *const string, ...)
 {
-	char *	cp;
+	va_list args;
+	va_start(args, string);
+	verror(string, args);
+	va_end(args);
+}
 
-	cp = ecpyalloc(_("warning: "));
-	cp = ecatalloc(cp, string);
-	error(cp);
-	free(cp);
+static void ATTRIBUTE_FORMAT((printf, 1, 2))
+warning(const char *const string, ...)
+{
+	va_list args;
+	fprintf(stderr, _("warning: "));
+	va_start(args, string);
+	verror(string, args);
+	va_end(args);
 	--errors;
 }
 
-static void
+static _Noreturn void
 usage(FILE *stream, int status)
 {
 	(void) fprintf(stream, _("%s: usage is %s \
@@ -444,9 +461,9 @@ main(int argc, char **argv)
 	register int	j;
 	register int	c;
 
-#ifdef unix
+#ifdef S_IWGRP
 	(void) umask(umask(S_IWGRP | S_IWOTH) | (S_IWGRP | S_IWOTH));
-#endif /* defined unix */
+#endif
 #if HAVE_GETTEXT
 	(void) setlocale(LC_ALL, "");
 #ifdef TZ_DOMAINDIR
@@ -602,41 +619,71 @@ dolink(const char *const fromfield, const char *const tofield)
 	*/
 	if (!itsdir(toname))
 		(void) remove(toname);
-	if (link(fromname, toname) != 0) {
+	if (link(fromname, toname) != 0
+	    && access(fromname, F_OK) == 0 && !itsdir(fromname)) {
 		int	result;
 
 		if (mkdirs(toname) != 0)
 			exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
 
 		result = link(fromname, toname);
-#if HAVE_SYMLINK
-		if (result != 0 &&
-			access(fromname, F_OK) == 0 &&
-			!itsdir(fromname)) {
-				const char *s = tofield;
+		if (result != 0) {
+				const char *s = fromfield;
+				const char *t;
 				register char * symlinkcontents = NULL;
 
-				while ((s = strchr(s+1, '/')) != NULL)
+				do
+					 t = s;
+				while ((s = strchr(s, '/'))
+				       && ! strncmp (fromfield, tofield,
+						     ++s - fromfield));
+
+				for (s = tofield + (t - fromfield);
+				     (s = strchr(s, '/'));
+				     s++)
 					symlinkcontents =
 						ecatalloc(symlinkcontents,
 						"../");
-				symlinkcontents =
-					ecatalloc(symlinkcontents,
-					fromname);
-				result = symlink(symlinkcontents,
-					toname);
+				symlinkcontents = ecatalloc(symlinkcontents, t);
+				result = symlink(symlinkcontents, toname);
 				if (result == 0)
 warning(_("hard link failed, symbolic link used"));
 				free(symlinkcontents);
 		}
-#endif /* HAVE_SYMLINK */
 		if (result != 0) {
-			const char *e = strerror(errno);
-
-			(void) fprintf(stderr,
-				_("%s: Can't link from %s to %s: %s\n"),
-				progname, fromname, toname, e);
-			exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
+			FILE *fp, *tp;
+			int c;
+			fp = fopen(fromname, "rb");
+			if (!fp) {
+				const char *e = strerror(errno);
+				(void) fprintf(stderr,
+					       _("%s: Can't read %s: %s\n"),
+					       progname, fromname, e);
+				exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
+			}
+			tp = fopen(toname, "wb");
+			if (!tp) {
+				const char *e = strerror(errno);
+				(void) fprintf(stderr,
+					       _("%s: Can't create %s: %s\n"),
+					       progname, toname, e);
+				exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
+			}
+			while ((c = getc(fp)) != EOF)
+				putc(c, tp);
+			if (ferror(fp) || fclose(fp)) {
+				(void) fprintf(stderr,
+					       _("%s: Error reading %s\n"),
+					       progname, fromname);
+				exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
+			}
+			if (ferror(tp) || fclose(tp)) {
+				(void) fprintf(stderr,
+					       _("%s: Error writing %s\n"),
+					       progname, toname);
+				exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
+			}
+			warning(_("link failed, copy used"));
 		}
 	}
 	free(fromname);
@@ -744,7 +791,7 @@ associate(void)
 			** a '%s' in the format is a bad thing.
 			*/
 			if (strchr(zp->z_format, '%') != 0)
-				error(_("%s in ruleless zone"));
+				error("%s", _("%s in ruleless zone"));
 		}
 	}
 	if (errors)
@@ -854,10 +901,10 @@ _("%s: panic: Invalid l_value %d\n"),
 ** Call error with errstring and return zero on errors.
 */
 
-static long
+static zic_t
 gethms(const char *string, const char *const errstring, const int signable)
 {
-	long	hh;
+	zic_t	hh;
 	int	mm, ss, sign;
 
 	if (string == NULL || *string == '\0')
@@ -868,22 +915,22 @@ gethms(const char *string, const char *const errstring, const int signable)
 		sign = -1;
 		++string;
 	} else	sign = 1;
-	if (sscanf(string, scheck(string, "%ld"), &hh) == 1)
+	if (sscanf(string, scheck(string, "%"SCNdZIC), &hh) == 1)
 		mm = ss = 0;
-	else if (sscanf(string, scheck(string, "%ld:%d"), &hh, &mm) == 2)
+	else if (sscanf(string, scheck(string, "%"SCNdZIC":%d"), &hh, &mm) == 2)
 		ss = 0;
-	else if (sscanf(string, scheck(string, "%ld:%d:%d"),
+	else if (sscanf(string, scheck(string, "%"SCNdZIC":%d:%d"),
 		&hh, &mm, &ss) != 3) {
-			error(errstring);
+			error("%s", errstring);
 			return 0;
 	}
 	if (hh < 0 ||
 		mm < 0 || mm >= MINSPERHOUR ||
 		ss < 0 || ss > SECSPERMIN) {
-			error(errstring);
+			error("%s", errstring);
 			return 0;
 	}
-	if (LONG_MAX / SECSPERHOUR < hh) {
+	if (ZIC_MAX / SECSPERHOUR < hh) {
 		error(_("time overflow"));
 		return 0;
 	}
@@ -892,8 +939,8 @@ gethms(const char *string, const char *const errstring, const int signable)
 	if (noise && (hh > HOURSPERDAY ||
 		(hh == HOURSPERDAY && (mm != 0 || ss != 0))))
 warning(_("values over 24 hours not handled by pre-2007 versions of zic"));
-	return oadd(eitol(sign) * hh * eitol(SECSPERHOUR),
-		    eitol(sign) * (eitol(mm) * eitol(SECSPERMIN) + eitol(ss)));
+	return oadd(sign * hh * SECSPERHOUR,
+		    sign * (mm * SECSPERMIN + ss));
 }
 
 static void
@@ -926,40 +973,31 @@ static int
 inzone(register char **const fields, const int nfields)
 {
 	register int	i;
-	static char *	buf;
 
 	if (nfields < ZONE_MINFIELDS || nfields > ZONE_MAXFIELDS) {
 		error(_("wrong number of fields on Zone line"));
 		return FALSE;
 	}
 	if (strcmp(fields[ZF_NAME], TZDEFAULT) == 0 && lcltime != NULL) {
-		buf = erealloc(buf, 132 + strlen(TZDEFAULT));
-		(void) sprintf(buf,
+		error(
 _("\"Zone %s\" line and -l option are mutually exclusive"),
 			TZDEFAULT);
-		error(buf);
 		return FALSE;
 	}
 	if (strcmp(fields[ZF_NAME], TZDEFRULES) == 0 && psxrules != NULL) {
-		buf = erealloc(buf, 132 + strlen(TZDEFRULES));
-		(void) sprintf(buf,
+		error(
 _("\"Zone %s\" line and -p option are mutually exclusive"),
 			TZDEFRULES);
-		error(buf);
 		return FALSE;
 	}
 	for (i = 0; i < nzones; ++i)
 		if (zones[i].z_name != NULL &&
 			strcmp(zones[i].z_name, fields[ZF_NAME]) == 0) {
-				buf = erealloc(buf,
-					       (132 + strlen(fields[ZF_NAME])
-						+ strlen(zones[i].z_filename)));
-				(void) sprintf(buf,
+				error(
 _("duplicate zone name %s (file \"%s\", line %d)"),
 					fields[ZF_NAME],
 					zones[i].z_filename,
 					zones[i].z_linenum);
-				error(buf);
 				return FALSE;
 		}
 	return inzsub(fields, nfields, FALSE);
@@ -1006,7 +1044,7 @@ inzsub(register char **const fields, const int nfields, const int iscont)
 	}
 	z.z_filename = filename;
 	z.z_linenum = linenum;
-	z.z_gmtoff = gethms(fields[i_gmtoff], _("invalid UTC offset"), TRUE);
+	z.z_gmtoff = gethms(fields[i_gmtoff], _("invalid UT offset"), TRUE);
 	if ((cp = strchr(fields[i_format], '%')) != 0) {
 		if (*++cp != 's' || strchr(cp, '%') != 0) {
 			error(_("invalid abbreviation format"));
@@ -1058,8 +1096,9 @@ inleap(register char ** const fields, const int nfields)
 	register const char *		cp;
 	register const struct lookup *	lp;
 	register int			i, j;
-	int				year, month, day;
-	long				dayoff, tod;
+	zic_t				year;
+	int				month, day;
+	zic_t				dayoff, tod;
 	zic_t				t;
 
 	if (nfields != LEAP_FIELDS) {
@@ -1068,7 +1107,7 @@ inleap(register char ** const fields, const int nfields)
 	}
 	dayoff = 0;
 	cp = fields[LP_YEAR];
-	if (sscanf(cp, scheck(cp, "%d"), &year) != 1) {
+	if (sscanf(cp, scheck(cp, "%"SCNdZIC), &year) != 1) {
 		/*
 		** Leapin' Lizards!
 		*/
@@ -1089,7 +1128,7 @@ inleap(register char ** const fields, const int nfields)
 			--j;
 			i = -len_years[isleap(j)];
 		}
-		dayoff = oadd(dayoff, eitol(i));
+		dayoff = oadd(dayoff, i);
 	}
 	if ((lp = byword(fields[LP_MONTH], mon_names)) == NULL) {
 		error(_("invalid month name"));
@@ -1099,7 +1138,7 @@ inleap(register char ** const fields, const int nfields)
 	j = TM_JANUARY;
 	while (j != month) {
 		i = len_months[isleap(year)][j];
-		dayoff = oadd(dayoff, eitol(i));
+		dayoff = oadd(dayoff, i);
 		++j;
 	}
 	cp = fields[LP_DAY];
@@ -1108,7 +1147,7 @@ inleap(register char ** const fields, const int nfields)
 			error(_("invalid day of month"));
 			return;
 	}
-	dayoff = oadd(dayoff, eitol(day - 1));
+	dayoff = oadd(dayoff, day - 1);
 	if (dayoff < 0 && !TYPE_SIGNED(zic_t)) {
 		error(_("time before zero"));
 		return;
@@ -1233,17 +1272,17 @@ rulesub(register struct rule *const rp,
 	rp->r_lowasnum = lp == NULL;
 	if (!rp->r_lowasnum) switch ((int) lp->l_value) {
 		case YR_MINIMUM:
-			rp->r_loyear = INT_MIN;
+			rp->r_loyear = ZIC_MIN;
 			break;
 		case YR_MAXIMUM:
-			rp->r_loyear = INT_MAX;
+			rp->r_loyear = ZIC_MAX;
 			break;
 		default:	/* "cannot happen" */
 			(void) fprintf(stderr,
 				_("%s: panic: Invalid l_value %d\n"),
 				progname, lp->l_value);
 			exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
-	} else if (sscanf(cp, scheck(cp, "%d"), &rp->r_loyear) != 1) {
+	} else if (sscanf(cp, scheck(cp, "%"SCNdZIC), &rp->r_loyear) != 1) {
 		error(_("invalid starting year"));
 		return;
 	}
@@ -1252,10 +1291,10 @@ rulesub(register struct rule *const rp,
 	rp->r_hiwasnum = lp == NULL;
 	if (!rp->r_hiwasnum) switch ((int) lp->l_value) {
 		case YR_MINIMUM:
-			rp->r_hiyear = INT_MIN;
+			rp->r_hiyear = ZIC_MIN;
 			break;
 		case YR_MAXIMUM:
-			rp->r_hiyear = INT_MAX;
+			rp->r_hiyear = ZIC_MAX;
 			break;
 		case YR_ONLY:
 			rp->r_hiyear = rp->r_loyear;
@@ -1265,7 +1304,7 @@ rulesub(register struct rule *const rp,
 				_("%s: panic: Invalid l_value %d\n"),
 				progname, lp->l_value);
 			exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
-	} else if (sscanf(cp, scheck(cp, "%d"), &rp->r_hiyear) != 1) {
+	} else if (sscanf(cp, scheck(cp, "%"SCNdZIC), &rp->r_hiyear) != 1) {
 		error(_("invalid ending year"));
 		return;
 	}
@@ -1330,7 +1369,7 @@ rulesub(register struct rule *const rp,
 }
 
 static void
-convert(const long val, char *const buf)
+convert(const int_fast32_t val, char *const buf)
 {
 	register int	i;
 	register int	shift;
@@ -1352,7 +1391,7 @@ convert64(const zic_t val, char *const buf)
 }
 
 static void
-puttzcode(const long val, FILE *const fp)
+puttzcode(const int_fast32_t val, FILE *const fp)
 {
 	char	buf[4];
 
@@ -1385,7 +1424,7 @@ is32(const zic_t x)
 }
 
 static void
-writezone(const char *const name, const char *const string)
+writezone(const char *const name, const char *const string, char version)
 {
 	register FILE *			fp;
 	register int			i, j;
@@ -1414,8 +1453,11 @@ writezone(const char *const name, const char *const string)
 		fromi = 0;
 		while (fromi < timecnt && attypes[fromi].at < min_time)
 			++fromi;
-		if (isdsts[0] == 0)
-			while (fromi < timecnt && attypes[fromi].type == 0)
+		/*
+		** Remember that type 0 is reserved.
+		*/
+		if (isdsts[1] == 0)
+			while (fromi < timecnt && attypes[fromi].type == 1)
 				++fromi;	/* handled by default rule */
 		for ( ; fromi < timecnt; ++fromi) {
 			if (toi != 0 && ((attypes[fromi].at +
@@ -1517,7 +1559,11 @@ writezone(const char *const name, const char *const string)
 		}
 		thistimelim = thistimei + thistimecnt;
 		thisleaplim = thisleapi + thisleapcnt;
-		for (i = 0; i < typecnt; ++i)
+		/*
+		** Remember that type 0 is reserved.
+		*/
+		writetype[0] = FALSE;
+		for (i = 1; i < typecnt; ++i)
 			writetype[i] = thistimecnt == timecnt;
 		if (thistimecnt == 0) {
 			/*
@@ -1533,8 +1579,11 @@ writezone(const char *const name, const char *const string)
 			/*
 			** For America/Godthab and Antarctica/Palmer
 			*/
+			/*
+			** Remember that type 0 is reserved.
+			*/
 			if (thistimei == 0)
-				writetype[0] = TRUE;
+				writetype[1] = TRUE;
 		}
 #ifndef LEAVE_SOME_PRE_2011_SYSTEMS_IN_THE_LURCH
 		/*
@@ -1584,8 +1633,26 @@ writezone(const char *const name, const char *const string)
 		}
 #endif /* !defined LEAVE_SOME_PRE_2011_SYSTEMS_IN_THE_LURCH */
 		thistypecnt = 0;
+		/*
+		** Potentially, set type 0 to that of lowest-valued time.
+		*/
+		if (thistimei > 0) {
+			for (i = 1; i < typecnt; ++i)
+				if (writetype[i] && !isdsts[i])
+					break;
+			if (i != types[thistimei - 1]) {
+				i = types[thistimei - 1];
+				gmtoffs[0] = gmtoffs[i];
+				isdsts[0] = isdsts[i];
+				ttisstds[0] = ttisstds[i];
+				ttisgmts[0] = ttisgmts[i];
+				abbrinds[0] = abbrinds[i];
+				writetype[0] = TRUE;
+				writetype[i] = FALSE;
+			}
+		}
 		for (i = 0; i < typecnt; ++i)
-			typemap[i] = writetype[i] ?  thistypecnt++ : -1;
+			typemap[i] = writetype[i] ?  thistypecnt++ : 0;
 		for (i = 0; i < sizeof indmap / sizeof indmap[0]; ++i)
 			indmap[i] = -1;
 		thischarcnt = 0;
@@ -1610,13 +1677,13 @@ writezone(const char *const name, const char *const string)
 #define DO(field)	((void) fwrite(tzh.field, sizeof tzh.field, 1, fp))
 		tzh = tzh0;
 		(void) strncpy(tzh.tzh_magic, TZ_MAGIC, sizeof tzh.tzh_magic);
-		tzh.tzh_version[0] = ZIC_VERSION;
-		convert(eitol(thistypecnt), tzh.tzh_ttisgmtcnt);
-		convert(eitol(thistypecnt), tzh.tzh_ttisstdcnt);
-		convert(eitol(thisleapcnt), tzh.tzh_leapcnt);
-		convert(eitol(thistimecnt), tzh.tzh_timecnt);
-		convert(eitol(thistypecnt), tzh.tzh_typecnt);
-		convert(eitol(thischarcnt), tzh.tzh_charcnt);
+		tzh.tzh_version[0] = version;
+		convert(thistypecnt, tzh.tzh_ttisgmtcnt);
+		convert(thistypecnt, tzh.tzh_ttisstdcnt);
+		convert(thisleapcnt, tzh.tzh_leapcnt);
+		convert(thistimecnt, tzh.tzh_timecnt);
+		convert(thistypecnt, tzh.tzh_typecnt);
+		convert(thischarcnt, tzh.tzh_charcnt);
 		DO(tzh_magic);
 		DO(tzh_version);
 		DO(tzh_reserved);
@@ -1629,7 +1696,7 @@ writezone(const char *const name, const char *const string)
 #undef DO
 		for (i = thistimei; i < thistimelim; ++i)
 			if (pass == 1)
-				puttzcode((long) ats[i], fp);
+				puttzcode(ats[i], fp);
 			else	puttzcode64(ats[i], fp);
 		for (i = thistimei; i < thistimelim; ++i) {
 			unsigned char	uc;
@@ -1723,7 +1790,7 @@ doabbr(char *const abbr, const char *const format, const char *const letters,
 }
 
 static void
-updateminmax(const int x)
+updateminmax(const zic_t x)
 {
 	if (min_year > x)
 		min_year = x;
@@ -1732,7 +1799,7 @@ updateminmax(const int x)
 }
 
 static int
-stringoffset(char *result, long offset)
+stringoffset(char *result, zic_t offset)
 {
 	register int	hours;
 	register int	minutes;
@@ -1748,7 +1815,7 @@ stringoffset(char *result, long offset)
 	minutes = offset % MINSPERHOUR;
 	offset /= MINSPERHOUR;
 	hours = offset;
-	if (hours > HOURSPERDAY) {
+	if (hours >= HOURSPERDAY * DAYSPERWEEK) {
 		result[0] = '\0';
 		return -1;
 	}
@@ -1762,10 +1829,11 @@ stringoffset(char *result, long offset)
 }
 
 static int
-stringrule(char *result, const struct rule *const rp, const long dstoff,
-	   const long gmtoff)
+stringrule(char *result, const struct rule *const rp, const zic_t dstoff,
+	   const zic_t gmtoff)
 {
-	register long	tod;
+	register zic_t	tod = rp->r_tod;
+	register int	compat = 0;
 
 	result = end(result);
 	if (rp->r_dycode == DC_DOM) {
@@ -1776,44 +1844,76 @@ stringrule(char *result, const struct rule *const rp, const long dstoff,
 		total = 0;
 		for (month = 0; month < rp->r_month; ++month)
 			total += len_months[0][month];
-		(void) sprintf(result, "J%d", total + rp->r_dayofmonth);
+		/* Omit the "J" in Jan and Feb, as that's shorter.  */
+		if (rp->r_month <= 1)
+		  (void) sprintf(result, "%d", total + rp->r_dayofmonth - 1);
+		else
+		  (void) sprintf(result, "J%d", total + rp->r_dayofmonth);
 	} else {
 		register int	week;
+		register int	wday = rp->r_wday;
+		register int	wdayoff;
 
 		if (rp->r_dycode == DC_DOWGEQ) {
-			if ((rp->r_dayofmonth % DAYSPERWEEK) != 1)
-				return -1;
-			week = 1 + rp->r_dayofmonth / DAYSPERWEEK;
+			wdayoff = (rp->r_dayofmonth - 1) % DAYSPERWEEK;
+			if (wdayoff)
+				compat = 2013;
+			wday -= wdayoff;
+			tod += wdayoff * SECSPERDAY;
+			week = 1 + (rp->r_dayofmonth - 1) / DAYSPERWEEK;
 		} else if (rp->r_dycode == DC_DOWLEQ) {
 			if (rp->r_dayofmonth == len_months[1][rp->r_month])
 				week = 5;
 			else {
-				if ((rp->r_dayofmonth % DAYSPERWEEK) != 0)
-					return -1;
+				wdayoff = rp->r_dayofmonth % DAYSPERWEEK;
+				if (wdayoff)
+					compat = 2013;
+				wday -= wdayoff;
+				tod += wdayoff * SECSPERDAY;
 				week = rp->r_dayofmonth / DAYSPERWEEK;
 			}
 		} else	return -1;	/* "cannot happen" */
+		if (wday < 0)
+			wday += DAYSPERWEEK;
 		(void) sprintf(result, "M%d.%d.%d",
-			rp->r_month + 1, week, rp->r_wday);
+			rp->r_month + 1, week, wday);
 	}
-	tod = rp->r_tod;
 	if (rp->r_todisgmt)
 		tod += gmtoff;
 	if (rp->r_todisstd && rp->r_stdoff == 0)
 		tod += dstoff;
-	if (tod < 0) {
-		result[0] = '\0';
-		return -1;
-	}
 	if (tod != 2 * SECSPERMIN * MINSPERHOUR) {
 		(void) strcat(result, "/");
 		if (stringoffset(end(result), tod) != 0)
 			return -1;
+		if (tod < 0) {
+			if (compat < 2013)
+				compat = 2013;
+		} else if (SECSPERDAY <= tod) {
+			if (compat < 1994)
+				compat = 1994;
+		}
 	}
-	return 0;
+	return compat;
 }
 
-static void
+static int
+rule_cmp(struct rule const *a, struct rule const *b)
+{
+	if (!a)
+		return -!!b;
+	if (!b)
+		return 1;
+	if (a->r_hiyear != b->r_hiyear)
+		return a->r_hiyear < b->r_hiyear ? -1 : 1;
+	if (a->r_month - b->r_month != 0)
+		return a->r_month - b->r_month;
+	return a->r_dayofmonth - b->r_dayofmonth;
+}
+
+enum { YEAR_BY_YEAR_ZONE = 1 };
+
+static int
 stringzone(char *result, const struct zone *const zpfirst, const int zonecount)
 {
 	register const struct zone *	zp;
@@ -1822,77 +1922,106 @@ stringzone(char *result, const struct zone *const zpfirst, const int zonecount)
 	register struct rule *		dstrp;
 	register int			i;
 	register const char *		abbrvar;
+	register int			compat = 0;
+	register int			c;
+	struct rule			stdr, dstr;
 
 	result[0] = '\0';
 	zp = zpfirst + zonecount - 1;
 	stdrp = dstrp = NULL;
 	for (i = 0; i < zp->z_nrules; ++i) {
 		rp = &zp->z_rules[i];
-		if (rp->r_hiwasnum || rp->r_hiyear != INT_MAX)
+		if (rp->r_hiwasnum || rp->r_hiyear != ZIC_MAX)
 			continue;
 		if (rp->r_yrtype != NULL)
 			continue;
 		if (rp->r_stdoff == 0) {
 			if (stdrp == NULL)
 				stdrp = rp;
-			else	return;
+			else	return -1;
 		} else {
 			if (dstrp == NULL)
 				dstrp = rp;
-			else	return;
+			else	return -1;
 		}
 	}
 	if (stdrp == NULL && dstrp == NULL) {
 		/*
 		** There are no rules running through "max".
-		** Let's find the latest rule.
+		** Find the latest std rule in stdabbrrp
+		** and latest rule of any type in stdrp.
 		*/
+		register struct rule *stdabbrrp = NULL;
 		for (i = 0; i < zp->z_nrules; ++i) {
 			rp = &zp->z_rules[i];
-			if (stdrp == NULL || rp->r_hiyear > stdrp->r_hiyear ||
-				(rp->r_hiyear == stdrp->r_hiyear &&
-				(rp->r_month > stdrp->r_month ||
-				(rp->r_month == stdrp->r_month &&
-				rp->r_dayofmonth > stdrp->r_dayofmonth))))
-					stdrp = rp;
+			if (rp->r_stdoff == 0 && rule_cmp(stdabbrrp, rp) < 0)
+				stdabbrrp = rp;
+			if (rule_cmp(stdrp, rp) < 0)
+				stdrp = rp;
 		}
-		if (stdrp != NULL && stdrp->r_stdoff != 0)
-			return;	/* We end up in DST (a POSIX no-no). */
 		/*
 		** Horrid special case: if year is 2037,
 		** presume this is a zone handled on a year-by-year basis;
 		** do not try to apply a rule to the zone.
 		*/
 		if (stdrp != NULL && stdrp->r_hiyear == 2037)
-			return;
+			return YEAR_BY_YEAR_ZONE;
+
+		if (stdrp != NULL && stdrp->r_stdoff != 0) {
+			/* Perpetual DST.  */
+			dstr.r_month = TM_JANUARY;
+			dstr.r_dycode = DC_DOM;
+			dstr.r_dayofmonth = 1;
+			dstr.r_tod = 0;
+			dstr.r_todisstd = dstr.r_todisgmt = FALSE;
+			dstr.r_stdoff = stdrp->r_stdoff;
+			dstr.r_abbrvar = stdrp->r_abbrvar;
+			stdr.r_month = TM_DECEMBER;
+			stdr.r_dycode = DC_DOM;
+			stdr.r_dayofmonth = 31;
+			stdr.r_tod = SECSPERDAY + stdrp->r_stdoff;
+			stdr.r_todisstd = stdr.r_todisgmt = FALSE;
+			stdr.r_stdoff = 0;
+			stdr.r_abbrvar
+			  = (stdabbrrp ? stdabbrrp->r_abbrvar : "");
+			dstrp = &dstr;
+			stdrp = &stdr;
+		}
 	}
 	if (stdrp == NULL && (zp->z_nrules != 0 || zp->z_stdoff != 0))
-		return;
+		return -1;
 	abbrvar = (stdrp == NULL) ? "" : stdrp->r_abbrvar;
 	doabbr(result, zp->z_format, abbrvar, FALSE, TRUE);
 	if (stringoffset(end(result), -zp->z_gmtoff) != 0) {
 		result[0] = '\0';
-		return;
+		return -1;
 	}
 	if (dstrp == NULL)
-		return;
+		return compat;
 	doabbr(end(result), zp->z_format, dstrp->r_abbrvar, TRUE, TRUE);
 	if (dstrp->r_stdoff != SECSPERMIN * MINSPERHOUR)
 		if (stringoffset(end(result),
 			-(zp->z_gmtoff + dstrp->r_stdoff)) != 0) {
 				result[0] = '\0';
-				return;
+				return -1;
 		}
 	(void) strcat(result, ",");
-	if (stringrule(result, dstrp, dstrp->r_stdoff, zp->z_gmtoff) != 0) {
+	c = stringrule(result, dstrp, dstrp->r_stdoff, zp->z_gmtoff);
+	if (c < 0) {
 		result[0] = '\0';
-		return;
+		return -1;
 	}
+	if (compat < c)
+		compat = c;
 	(void) strcat(result, ",");
-	if (stringrule(result, stdrp, dstrp->r_stdoff, zp->z_gmtoff) != 0) {
+	c = stringrule(result, stdrp, dstrp->r_stdoff, zp->z_gmtoff);
+	if (c < 0) {
 		result[0] = '\0';
-		return;
+		return -1;
 	}
+	if (compat < c)
+		compat = c;
+	return compat;
 }
 
 static void
@@ -1903,10 +2032,10 @@ outzone(const struct zone * const zpfirst, const int zonecount)
 	register int			i, j;
 	register int			usestart, useuntil;
 	register zic_t			starttime, untiltime;
-	register long			gmtoff;
-	register long			stdoff;
-	register int			year;
-	register long			startoff;
+	register zic_t			gmtoff;
+	register zic_t			stdoff;
+	register zic_t			year;
+	register zic_t			startoff;
 	register int			startttisstd;
 	register int			startttisgmt;
 	register int			type;
@@ -1916,6 +2045,9 @@ outzone(const struct zone * const zpfirst, const int zonecount)
 	register int			max_abbr_len;
 	register int			max_envvar_len;
 	register int			prodstic; /* all rules are min to max */
+	register int			compat;
+	register int			do_extend;
+	register char			version;
 
 	max_abbr_len = 2 + max_format_len + max_abbrvar_len;
 	max_envvar_len = 2 * max_abbr_len + 5 * 9;
@@ -1940,8 +2072,13 @@ outzone(const struct zone * const zpfirst, const int zonecount)
 	min_year = max_year = EPOCH_YEAR;
 	if (leapseen) {
 		updateminmax(leapminyear);
-		updateminmax(leapmaxyear + (leapmaxyear < INT_MAX));
+		updateminmax(leapmaxyear + (leapmaxyear < ZIC_MAX));
 	}
+	/*
+	** Reserve type 0.
+	*/
+	gmtoffs[0] = isdsts[0] = ttisstds[0] = ttisgmts[0] = abbrinds[0] = -1;
+	typecnt = 1;
 	for (i = 0; i < zonecount; ++i) {
 		zp = &zpfirst[i];
 		if (i < zonecount - 1)
@@ -1959,23 +2096,45 @@ outzone(const struct zone * const zpfirst, const int zonecount)
 	/*
 	** Generate lots of data if a rule can't cover all future times.
 	*/
-	stringzone(envvar, zpfirst, zonecount);
-	if (noise && envvar[0] == '\0') {
-		register char *	wp;
-
-wp = ecpyalloc(_("no POSIX environment variable for zone"));
-		wp = ecatalloc(wp, " ");
-		wp = ecatalloc(wp, zpfirst->z_name);
-		warning(wp);
-		free(wp);
-	}
-	if (envvar[0] == '\0') {
-		if (min_year >= INT_MIN + YEARSPERREPEAT)
-			min_year -= YEARSPERREPEAT;
-		else	min_year = INT_MIN;
-		if (max_year <= INT_MAX - YEARSPERREPEAT)
-			max_year += YEARSPERREPEAT;
-		else	max_year = INT_MAX;
+	compat = stringzone(envvar, zpfirst, zonecount);
+	version = compat < 2013 ? ZIC_VERSION_PRE_2013 : ZIC_VERSION;
+	do_extend = compat < 0 || compat == YEAR_BY_YEAR_ZONE;
+	if (noise) {
+		if (!*envvar)
+			warning("%s %s",
+				_("no POSIX environment variable for zone"),
+				zpfirst->z_name);
+		else if (compat != 0 && compat != YEAR_BY_YEAR_ZONE) {
+			/* Circa-COMPAT clients, and earlier clients, might
+			   not work for this zone when given dates before
+			   1970 or after 2038.  */
+			warning(_("%s: pre-%d clients may mishandle"
+				  " distant timestamps"),
+				zpfirst->z_name, compat);
+		}
+	}
+	if (do_extend) {
+		/*
+		** Search through a couple of extra years past the obvious
+		** 400, to avoid edge cases.  For example, suppose a non-POSIX
+		** rule applies from 2012 onwards and has transitions in March
+		** and September, plus some one-off transitions in November
+		** 2013.  If zic looked only at the last 400 years, it would
+		** set max_year=2413, with the intent that the 400 years 2014
+		** through 2413 will be repeated.  The last transition listed
+		** in the tzfile would be in 2413-09, less than 400 years
+		** after the last one-off transition in 2013-11.  Two years
+		** might be overkill, but with the kind of edge cases
+		** available we're not sure that one year would suffice.
+		*/
+		enum { years_of_observations = YEARSPERREPEAT + 2 };
+
+		if (min_year >= ZIC_MIN + years_of_observations)
+			min_year -= years_of_observations;
+		else	min_year = ZIC_MIN;
+		if (max_year <= ZIC_MAX - years_of_observations)
+			max_year += years_of_observations;
+		else	max_year = ZIC_MAX;
 		/*
 		** Regardless of any of the above,
 		** for a "proDSTic" zone which specifies that its rules
@@ -1984,7 +2143,7 @@ wp = ecpyalloc(_("no POSIX environment variable for zone"));
 		*/
 		if (prodstic) {
 			min_year = 1900;
-			max_year = min_year + YEARSPERREPEAT;
+			max_year = min_year + years_of_observations;
 		}
 	}
 	/*
@@ -2041,12 +2200,12 @@ wp = ecpyalloc(_("no POSIX environment variable for zone"));
 			for ( ; ; ) {
 				register int	k;
 				register zic_t	jtime, ktime;
-				register long	offset;
+				register zic_t	offset;
 
 				INITIALIZE(ktime);
 				if (useuntil) {
 					/*
-					** Turn untiltime into UTC
+					** Turn untiltime into UT
 					** assuming the current gmtoff and
 					** stdoff values.
 					*/
@@ -2150,7 +2309,45 @@ error(_("can't determine time zone abbreviation to use just after until time"));
 				starttime = tadd(starttime, -gmtoff);
 		}
 	}
-	writezone(zpfirst->z_name, envvar);
+	if (do_extend) {
+		/*
+		** If we're extending the explicitly listed observations
+		** for 400 years because we can't fill the POSIX-TZ field,
+		** check whether we actually ended up explicitly listing
+		** observations through that period.  If there aren't any
+		** near the end of the 400-year period, add a redundant
+		** one at the end of the final year, to make it clear
+		** that we are claiming to have definite knowledge of
+		** the lack of transitions up to that point.
+		*/
+		struct rule xr;
+		struct attype *lastat;
+		xr.r_month = TM_JANUARY;
+		xr.r_dycode = DC_DOM;
+		xr.r_dayofmonth = 1;
+		xr.r_tod = 0;
+		for (lastat = &attypes[0], i = 1; i < timecnt; i++)
+			if (attypes[i].at > lastat->at)
+				lastat = &attypes[i];
+		if (lastat->at < rpytime(&xr, max_year - 1)) {
+			/*
+			** Create new type code for the redundant entry,
+			** to prevent it being optimised away.
+			*/
+			if (typecnt >= TZ_MAX_TYPES) {
+				error(_("too many local time types"));
+				exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
+			}
+			gmtoffs[typecnt] = gmtoffs[lastat->type];
+			isdsts[typecnt] = isdsts[lastat->type];
+			ttisstds[typecnt] = ttisstds[lastat->type];
+			ttisgmts[typecnt] = ttisgmts[lastat->type];
+			abbrinds[typecnt] = abbrinds[lastat->type];
+			++typecnt;
+			addtt(rpytime(&xr, max_year + 1), typecnt-1);
+		}
+	}
+	writezone(zpfirst->z_name, envvar, version);
 	free(startbuf);
 	free(ab);
 	free(envvar);
@@ -2183,7 +2380,7 @@ addtt(const zic_t starttime, int type)
 }
 
 static int
-addtype(const long gmtoff, const char *const abbr, const int isdst,
+addtype(const zic_t gmtoff, const char *const abbr, const int isdst,
 	const int ttisstd, const int ttisgmt)
 {
 	register int	i, j;
@@ -2220,7 +2417,7 @@ addtype(const long gmtoff, const char *const abbr, const int isdst,
 		exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
 	}
 	if (! (-1L - 2147483647L <= gmtoff && gmtoff <= 2147483647L)) {
-		error(_("UTC offset out of range"));
+		error(_("UT offset out of range"));
 		exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
 	}
 	gmtoffs[i] = gmtoff;
@@ -2262,7 +2459,7 @@ leapadd(const zic_t t, const int positive, const int rolling, int count)
 			roll[j] = roll[j - 1];
 		}
 		trans[i] = t;
-		corr[i] = positive ? 1L : eitol(-count);
+		corr[i] = positive ? 1 : -count;
 		roll[i] = rolling;
 		++leapcnt;
 	} while (positive && --count != 0);
@@ -2272,7 +2469,7 @@ static void
 adjleap(void)
 {
 	register int	i;
-	register long	last = 0;
+	register zic_t	last = 0;
 
 	/*
 	** propagate leap seconds forward
@@ -2406,10 +2603,10 @@ getfields(register char *cp)
 	return array;
 }
 
-static ATTRIBUTE_PURE long
-oadd(const long t1, const long t2)
+static ATTRIBUTE_PURE zic_t
+oadd(const zic_t t1, const zic_t t2)
 {
-	if (t1 < 0 ? t2 < LONG_MIN - t1 : LONG_MAX - t1 < t2) {
+	if (t1 < 0 ? t2 < ZIC_MIN - t1 : ZIC_MAX - t1 < t2) {
 		error(_("time overflow"));
 		exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
 	}
@@ -2417,7 +2614,7 @@ oadd(const long t1, const long t2)
 }
 
 static ATTRIBUTE_PURE zic_t
-tadd(const zic_t t1, const long t2)
+tadd(const zic_t t1, const zic_t t2)
 {
 	if (t1 == max_time && t2 > 0)
 		return max_time;
@@ -2436,15 +2633,15 @@ tadd(const zic_t t1, const long t2)
 */
 
 static zic_t
-rpytime(register const struct rule *const rp, register const int wantedy)
+rpytime(register const struct rule *const rp, register const zic_t wantedy)
 {
-	register int	y, m, i;
-	register long	dayoff;			/* with a nod to Margaret O. */
-	register zic_t	t;
+	register int	m, i;
+	register zic_t	dayoff;			/* with a nod to Margaret O. */
+	register zic_t	t, y;
 
-	if (wantedy == INT_MIN)
+	if (wantedy == ZIC_MIN)
 		return min_time;
-	if (wantedy == INT_MAX)
+	if (wantedy == ZIC_MAX)
 		return max_time;
 	dayoff = 0;
 	m = TM_JANUARY;
@@ -2457,11 +2654,11 @@ rpytime(register const struct rule *const rp, register const int wantedy)
 			--y;
 			i = -len_years[isleap(y)];
 		}
-		dayoff = oadd(dayoff, eitol(i));
+		dayoff = oadd(dayoff, i);
 	}
 	while (m != rp->r_month) {
 		i = len_months[isleap(y)][m];
-		dayoff = oadd(dayoff, eitol(i));
+		dayoff = oadd(dayoff, i);
 		++m;
 	}
 	i = rp->r_dayofmonth;
@@ -2474,12 +2671,12 @@ rpytime(register const struct rule *const rp, register const int wantedy)
 		}
 	}
 	--i;
-	dayoff = oadd(dayoff, eitol(i));
+	dayoff = oadd(dayoff, i);
 	if (rp->r_dycode == DC_DOWGEQ || rp->r_dycode == DC_DOWLEQ) {
-		register long	wday;
+		register zic_t	wday;
 
-#define LDAYSPERWEEK	((long) DAYSPERWEEK)
-		wday = eitol(EPOCH_WDAY);
+#define LDAYSPERWEEK	((zic_t) DAYSPERWEEK)
+		wday = EPOCH_WDAY;
 		/*
 		** Don't trust mod of negative numbers.
 		*/
@@ -2490,7 +2687,7 @@ rpytime(register const struct rule *const rp, register const int wantedy)
 			if (wday < 0)
 				wday += LDAYSPERWEEK;
 		}
-		while (wday != eitol(rp->r_wday))
+		while (wday != rp->r_wday)
 			if (rp->r_dycode == DC_DOWGEQ) {
 				dayoff = oadd(dayoff, 1);
 				if (++wday >= LDAYSPERWEEK)
@@ -2550,14 +2747,8 @@ mp = _("time zone abbreviation has too many alphabetics");
 		}
 		if (*cp != '\0')
 mp = _("time zone abbreviation differs from POSIX standard");
-		if (mp != NULL) {
-			char *wp = ecpyalloc(mp);
-			wp = ecatalloc(wp, " (");
-			wp = ecatalloc(wp, string);
-			wp = ecatalloc(wp, ")");
-			warning(wp);
-			free(wp);
-		}
+		if (mp != NULL)
+			warning("%s (%s)", mp, string);
 	}
 	i = strlen(string) + 1;
 	if (charcnt + i > TZ_MAX_CHARS) {
@@ -2565,7 +2756,7 @@ mp = _("time zone abbreviation differs from POSIX standard");
 		exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
 	}
 	(void) strcpy(&chars[charcnt], string);
-	charcnt += eitol(i);
+	charcnt += i;
 }
 
 static int
@@ -2579,7 +2770,7 @@ mkdirs(char *argname)
 	cp = name = ecpyalloc(argname);
 	while ((cp = strchr(cp + 1, '/')) != 0) {
 		*cp = '\0';
-#ifndef unix
+#ifdef HAVE_DOS_FILE_NAMES
 		/*
 		** DOS drive specifier?
 		*/
@@ -2588,7 +2779,7 @@ mkdirs(char *argname)
 				*cp = '/';
 				continue;
 		}
-#endif /* !defined unix */
+#endif
 		if (!itsdir(name)) {
 			/*
 			** It doesn't seem to exist, so we try to create it.
@@ -2614,21 +2805,6 @@ _("%s: Can't create directory %s: %s\n"),
 	return 0;
 }
 
-static ATTRIBUTE_PURE long
-eitol(const int i)
-{
-	long	l;
-
-	l = i;
-	if ((i < 0 && l >= 0) || (i == 0 && l != 0) || (i > 0 && l <= 0)) {
-		(void) fprintf(stderr,
-			_("%s: %d did not sign extend correctly\n"),
-			progname, i);
-		exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
-	}
-	return l;
-}
-
 /*
 ** UNIX was a registered trademark of The Open Group in 2003.
 */